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Post-Zionism is the opinion of someIsraelis,diasporaJews and others, particularly in academia, thatZionism fulfilled its ideological mission with the formation of the modernState of Israel in 1948, and that Zionist ideology should therefore be considered at an end. TheJewish right also use the term to refer to theIsraeli Left in light of theOslo Accords of 1993 and 1995. Some critics associate post-Zionism withanti-Zionism; proponents strenuously deny this association.[1]
Hebrew Universalism is a post-Zionist philosophy developed initially by RavAbraham Kook[2] and expanded upon byIsraeli settler activist RavYehuda HaKohen, as well as theVision Movement.[3][4]
The philosophy attempts to synthesize "three forces" defined by Kook in his 1920 book, Lights of Rebirth. The three forces being: "The Holy" (Orthodox Jews), "The Nation" (secular Jewish Zionists), and "The Humanist" (GeneralHumanism). Kook believed that through his philosophyanti-Zionists, Orthodox Jews, and secular nationalists could work together in Israel.[5]
The current ideology, as espoused by the Vision Movement and HaKohen, draws inspiration fromNatan Yellin-Mor, RavAbraham Kook,Canaanism,Avraham Stern,anti-Zionist critics, and the left wingSemitic Action group.[6][7]
Post-Zionism has been criticized byShlomo Avineri as a polite recasting ofanti-Zionism, and therefore a deceptive term.[8] Some right-wing Israelis have accused Jewish post-Zionists of beingself-hating Jews.[9]
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