Posavina Canton Posavski kantonŽupanija PosavskaПосавски кантон | |
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 Flag  Coat of arms | |
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| Status | Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Capital | Orašje |
| Largest city | Odžak |
| Official languages | Croatian andBosnian |
| Ethnic groups (2013[1]) | 77.32%Croats 19%Bosniaks 1.91%Serbs 1.77% others |
| Demonym | Posavinian |
| Government | Parliamentary system |
• Premier | Đuro Topić (HDZ BiH) |
• President of Assembly | Blaž Župarić (HDZ BiH) |
| Legislature | Assembly of the Posavina Canton |
| Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
• Establishment | 12 June 1996 |
| Area | |
• Total | 330.85 km2 (127.74 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2013 census | 43,453 |
• Density | 131.33/km2 (340.1/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Per capita | USD 15.990 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | USD 188.404 million |
• Per capita | USD 6.037 |
| HDI (2019) | 0.747 high |
| Currency | BAM |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyy |
ThePosavina Canton (Croatian:Županija Posavska;Serbian andBosnian:Posavski kanton;Cyrillic:Посавски кантон) is afederated state and one of tencantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina inBosnia and Herzegovina. It is the smallest canton with an area of only 330.85 km2 (128 sq mi). The canton is an exclave ofFederation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, being bordered byRepublika Srpska andBrčko District to the south and the riverSava andCroatia to the north. Its capital isOrašje and the largest town isOdžak.
The Posavina area was inhabited since prehistoric times, as evidenced by various archaeological finds of coins and other artifacts. After the 1718Treaty of Passarowitz between theOttoman Empire andHabsburg monarchy, mostly Catholic families from mountain villages were displaced across the plains, as the Turks themselves settled in the hills and valleys. The Croats fromŽupanja,Babina Greda andŠtitar moved to the villages ofKopanice,Vidovice,Tolisa andDomaljevac.
The current municipalities ofDerventa andBosanski Brod were settled by people fromHerzegovina between the years 1735 and 1782, and once again in a minor wave in 1820. Since 1697, approximately 20,000 Catholics emigrated from the area. Most of the people emigrated to the municipalities ofModriča,Gradačac,Orašje,Bosanski Šamac andBrčko fromMostar,Posušje,Uskoplje,Bugojno,Livno andDuvno.
Before theBosnian War, the present-day municipalities ofDonji Žabar andVukosavlje belonged toOdžak andOrašje, while the present-day municipality ofDomaljevac-Šamac belonged toBosanski Šamac. The history of today's canton began on 18 March 1994 with the signing of theWashington Agreement. Posavina Canton was officially established on 12 June 1996 as one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of the 3 Croat-majority cantons.[2]
The canton lies near the border withCroatia and near the riverSava which forms a natural border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. The canton consist of two unconnected exclaves: the western one consisting of Odžak municipality and the eastern one consisting of Orašje and Domaljevac-Šamac municipalities.
Posavina is a region which includes other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and parts of Croatia. Because of that, this canton is sometimes called Bosanska Posavina (Bosnian Posavina) and is the only part of northern Bosnia near the border with Croatia that lies in the Federation. The rest of northern Bosnia near the river Sava and near the border is theBrčko District and theRepublika Srpska. The Brčko district divides Republika Srpska into two parts.
The Posavina canton's position near the Sava river makes it a good place for agriculture because it is a flat lowland and there are no mountains in the area. It is like this in the entire northern border with Croatia, with a great deal of farming and agriculture. The river Sava is a river that flows through Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. In Bosnia and Herzegovina it flows through the northern border and makes a natural border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.
Posavina means literally along Sava in the Bosnian language. The river Sava is the largest navigable river in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Much of the food in both Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia comes from this region, not only Bosnian Posavina but the rest of the fertile fields along the river Sava.
The canton consists of the municipalities ofDomaljevac-Šamac,Odžak, andOrašje.
| Municipality | Nationality | Total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croats | % | Serbs | % | Bosniaks | % | Other | % | ||
| Odžak | 16,338 | 54.36 | 5,667 | 18.85 | 6,220 | 20.69 | 1,831 | 6.09 | 30,056 |
| Orašje | 21,308 | 75.12 | 4,235 | 14.93 | 1,893 | 6.67 | 931 | 3.28 | 28,367 |
| Domaljevac-Šamac | 4,598 | 98.02 | 26 | 0.55 | 7 | 0.15 | 60 | 1.28 | 4,691 |
| Canton | 42,224 | 66.90 | 9,928 | 15.73 | 8,113 | 12.85 | 2,822 | 4.47 | 63,114 |
| Municipality[3] | Nationality | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bosniaks | % | Croats | % | Serbs | % | ||
| Odžak | 6,220 | 33.04 | 11,621 | 61.74 | 582 | 3.09 | 18,821 |
| Orašje | 2,015 | 10.14 | 17,345 | 87.33 | 157 | 0.79 | 19,861 |
| Domaljevac-Šamac | 17 | 0.35 | 4,634 | 97.12 | 92 | 1.92 | 4,771 |
| Canton | 8,252 | 18.99 | 33,600 | 77.32 | 831 | 1.91 | 43,453 |
According to the law, Posavina Canton is one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Posavina has its ownlegislative,executive andjudicial powers. Like each of the cantons of FBiH, Canton Posavina has its ownconstitution,assembly,government, symbols and has a number of exclusive competences (police,education, use ofnatural resources, spatial andhousing policy,culture), while some competences are divided between federal and cantonal authorities (health, social protection,transport). The seat of the executive power, i.e. the capital of the canton, is Orašje (Posavina Cantonal Government), while in Domaljevac is the seat of the legislative power (Posavina Cantonal Assembly) and in Odžak is the seat of the judiciary.
At the local level, the citizens of Posavina Canton vote for the government in three municipalities every four years in free elections.
Every four years, the citizens of Canton Posavina vote in general elections for a total of 21 deputies in the Assembly of Canton Posavina.
The current composition of the cantonal assembly is:
| Groups | Members per group | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HDZ BIH | 12 / 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SDA | 3 / 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HDZ 1990 | 2 / 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SDP BIH | 1 / 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HRS | 1 / 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Independent | 1 / 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PDA | 1 / 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source:[4] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Based on the general elections, the current PKgovernment is formed by a coalition between theCroatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH) and theSocial Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SDP BiH).[5]
The current PK government consists of the following ministries:
| Ministry | Minister | Took office | Party | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister | Đuro Topić | 7 February 2023 | HDZ BIH | |||||||
| Ministry of Internal Affairs | Đuro Delić | 22 February 2024[6] | HDZ BIH | |||||||
| Ministry of Justice and Administration | Mirsad Ahmetović | 7 February 2023 | SDP BIH | |||||||
| Ministry of Finance | Mijo Stanić | 7 February 2023 | HDZ BIH | |||||||
| Ministry of Transport, Communications and Environmental Protection | Pero Radić | 7 February 2023 | HDZ BIH | |||||||
| Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports | Ana Andrić | 7 February 2023 | HDZ BIH | |||||||
| Ministry of Health and Social Policy | Damir Živković | 7 February 2023 | HDZ BIH | |||||||
| Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry | Mato Brkić | 7 February 2023 | HDZ BIH | |||||||
| Ministry of Economy, Labor and Spatial Planning | Dragutin Živković | 7 February 2023 | HDZ BIH | |||||||
| Ministry of Veterans | Ilija Mišković | 7 February 2023 | HDZ BIH | |||||||
Source:[7] | ||||||||||
In the pre-war period, especially in the last ten years, the canton was one of the richest areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is important in agriculture (Posavina is the largest granary in Bosnia and Herzegovina), economically (oil refinery in Bosanski Brod and Modriča, furniture, textiles, shoe factories, metal industry, chemical industry, etc.), river resources natural, forests, and the region is also known for the fact that many people did temporary jobs abroad. The area is oriented towards the West with convincing indicators of a very rapid integration into European cultural, economic and civilizational trends.
HNK Orašje, the local football club fromOrašje that won theBosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup in the2005–06 season.
The majority of its population professesChristianity, with theCatholic Church being the most importantdenomination within the population with 33,191 inhabitants in the Canton of Posavina (representing more than 77 percent of the population). The most significant non-Christian minority is made up ofMuslims (8,341 inhabitants) and there are also other Christians such as members of theSerbian Orthodox Church (841 inhabitants).[8]
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