The portico ofCroome Court inCroome D'Abitot (England)Temple diagram with location of the pronaos highlighted
Aportico is aporch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as acolonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported bycolumns or enclosed by walls. This idea was widely used inancient Greece and has influenced many cultures, including mostWestern cultures.
Porticos are sometimes topped withpediments.Palladio was a pioneer of using temple-fronts for secular buildings. In theUK, the temple-front applied toThe Vyne, Hampshire, was the first portico applied to anEnglish country house.
Apronaos (UK:/proʊˈneɪ.ɒs/ orUS:/proʊˈneɪ.əs/) is the inner area of the portico of aGreek orRoman temple, situated between the portico's colonnade or walls and the entrance to thecella, or shrine. Roman temples commonly had an open pronaos, usually with only columns and no walls, and the pronaos could be as long as thecella. The wordpronaos (πρόναος) isGreek for "before a temple". InLatin, a pronaos is also referred to as ananticum orprodomus. The pronaos of a Greek and Roman temple is typically topped with a pediment.
The different variants of porticos are named by the number of columns they have. The "style" suffix comes from the Greekστῦλος, "column".[1] In Greek and Roman architecture, the pronaos of a temple is typically topped with apediment.[2]
The tetrastyle has four columns; it was commonly employed by theGreeks and theEtruscans for small structures such as public buildings andamphiprostyles.
Hexastyle buildings had six columns and were the standardfaçade in canonical GreekDoric architecture between thearchaic period 600–550 BCE up to theAge of Pericles 450–430 BCE.
Some well-known examples of classical Doric hexastyleGreek temples:
The group at Paestum comprising the Temple ofHera (c. 550 BCE), the Temple ofApollo (c. 450 BCE), the first Temple ofAthena ("Basilica") (c. 500 BCE) and the second Temple of Hera (460–440 BCE)
TheTemple of Hephaestus below theAcropolis at Athens, long known as the "Theseum" (449–444 BCE), also one of the most intact Greek temples surviving from antiquity
The western side of the octastyleParthenon in Athens
Octastyle buildings had eight columns; they were considerably rarer than the hexastyle ones in the classical Greek architecturalcanon. The best-known octastyle buildings surviving from antiquity are theParthenon inAthens, built during the Age of Pericles (450–430 BCE), and thePantheon inRome (125 CE). The destroyedTemple of Divus Augustus in Rome, the centre of theAugustan cult, is shown on Roman coins of the 2nd century CE as having been built in octastyle.
^Gates, Charles (2013).Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome. New York: Taylor and Francis. p. 209.ISBN9781134676620.
^Sturgis, Russell (1901)."Decastyle".A Dictionary of Architecture and Building: Biographical, Historical and Descriptive. Vol. 1. Macmillan. p. 755.ISBN978-0-7222-2967-5.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Stierlin, Henri (2002). Silvia Kinkle (ed.).The Roman Empire: From the Etruscans to the Decline of the Roman Empire. Cologne:Taschen.ISBN3-8228-1778-3.
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![The Portico of San Luca in Bologna, Italy, which is possibly the world's longest.[5]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aBologna_san_luca-5.jpg)
