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Aportfolio career comprises a variety of roles rather than onejob at a single organisation. It can be acareer that combines multiple paid and/or voluntary roles.The philosopher and organisational behaviouristCharles Handy popularised the "portfolio" concept[1]in works like his 1994 bookThe Empty Raincoat.[2]Handy's recognition of the portfolio career-path came about when he realised that individuals would be required to develop portable skillsets to meet the needs of a fast-moving future workplace.[3] His prediction foresaw what is now known as thegig economy.[4]
In 2006 journalistPenelope Trunk wrote on her blog that the rise of portfolio careers came "as members ofGeneration X entered the workforce. Two-thirds of them were looking for an alternative to full-time employment as a more efficient path toself-discovery and finding the right career."[5]
Portfolio careers are often found in thecreative industries wherefreelancing is the norm.[6]Economic conditions[which?] mean many are now[when?] actively choosing to pursue portfolio careers to make the most of their earning potential.[7][need quotation to verify]
Advantages of a portfolio career includework–life balance,job security, flexibility, variety, multiple income streams and the ability to pursue individual interest areas.[8]
Ben Legg, CEO of UK-based social enterprise The Portfolio Collective, said: "A portfolio career is much more resilient than having one permanent role. In addition to having multiple income sources, your work is always evolving, as old clients roll off and you win new ones."[9]
There are benefits for employers, too. Mike Bank, Director of FlexRoles.com, said: "Flex or Fractional roles offer numerous advantages for businesses operating in today's fast-paced, competitive environment... Portfolio professionals bring fresh perspectives and diverse experiences to the table. Their ability to work across different industries and projects fuels innovation, creativity, and outside-the-box thinking."[10]
Disadvantages are the lack of stability, traditional career progression, fluctuation of earnings and a lack of identity.[11]
Herminia Ibarra, the Charles Handy Professor of Organisational Behaviour atLondon Business School, argues that the portfolio careerist is faced with the problem of identity. "There is no easy label, no shorthand. Inevitably, one resorts to explaining oneself with a laundry list, when the culturally appropriate answer is what the psychologist Kenneth Gergen called the progressive narrative: a story of hard work and linear ascent culminating in a recognisably top role."[12]
The Centre for Research on Self Employment,[13] a London-based think tank, estimates that 250,000 UK workers define their work as a portfolio career.[14] A study by theHenley Business School determined that in the United Kingdom 25 per cent of workers had aside job.[15] Ben Legg, CEO of UK-based social enterprise The Portfolio Collective, believes this number is likely to be in the millions by 2030.[16]
Some 45 per cent of working Americans report having aside job, making them portfolio careerists.[17] In the United Kingdom 60 per cent of students and graduates said they had a side job and 43 per cent needed the extra income to pay their rent.[18]
Portfolio careers may become more common as the world economy and job market work to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic.[19]
Sean Smith, a retired vice-principal, argues that "a new economy that requires aspirational young people to effectively become captains of their own cottage industries will require schools to think very differently". He believes that schools will need to redefine how they view work readiness and change the expectations of young people as they prepare for work.[20]
Tara Fenwick, Emeritus Professor of Professional Education in the School of Education at the University of Stirling, thinks "workers may need to educate clients about the nature of portfolio work; and employers who contract to portfolio workers must take more responsibility for negotiating fair contracts that are sensitive to overwork and unfair time pressures".[21]
Young portfolio careerists are sometimes known as slashies or solopreneurs.[22][23]
[...] economist and management writer Charles Handy, who popularized the idea, described in his bookThe Empty Raincoat:
'Going portfolio means exchanging full-time employment for independence [...].'
Portfolio careers are common in the creative industries, where freelancing is normal and low incomes often make a second job a necessity.