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The Wind Power Portal

The Gansu Wind Farm in Gansu, China
An aerial view of the Power County wind farm inPower County, Idaho, withNordex N100/2500turbines

Wind power is the use ofwind energy to generate useful work. Historically, wind power was used bysails,windmills andwindpumps, but today it is mostly used to generateelectricity. This article deals only with wind power for electricity generation.Today, wind power is generated almost completely usingwind turbines, generally grouped intowind farms and connected to theelectrical grid.

In 2024, wind supplied about 2,500TWh of electricity, which was over 8% of world electricity. With about 100GW added during 2021, mostlyin China and theUnited States, global installed wind power capacity exceeded 800 GW. 30 countries generated more than a tenth of their electricity from wind power in 2024 and wind generation has nearly tripled since 2015. To help meet theParis Agreement goals tolimit climate change, analysts say it should expand much faster – by over 1% of electricity generation per year. (Full article...)

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Middelgrunden offshorewind park, 3.5 km outside Copenhagen. When built in 2000, it was the world's largest.

Denmark was a pioneer in developing commercialwind power during the 1970s, and today a substantial share of thewind turbines around the world areproduced by Danish manufacturers such asVestas—the world's largest wind-turbine manufacturer—along with many component suppliers. Furthermore, Denmark has—as of 2022—the world's 2nd highest amount ofwind power generation capacity installed per capita, behind only neighboring Sweden.

In 2024, wind power made up 59.3% of totalelectricity generation in Denmark, up from 56% in 2020, 20% in 2010 and 11% in 2000. This contributes to the government's target of 100% renewable power generation by 2030. (Full article...)

List of selected articles

General windmill articles

  • Image 1 This is a list of operational, offshore wind farms in Denmark (within the national maritime boundaries). Denmark's wind power generation is the highest in the world as a fraction of domestic consumption, reaching 47% in 2019. Data is primarily from the 4C Offshore's Global Offshore Wind Farm Map and Database. Tariff data is supplied by the Danish Energy Agency. The name of the wind farm is the name used by the energy company when referring to the farm, and is usually related to a shoal or the name of the nearest town on shore. The "wind farm" part of the name is implied and hence omitted for ease of reading. (Full article...)
    Image 1
    This is a list of operational, offshorewind farms inDenmark (within the nationalmaritime boundaries).Denmark's wind power generation is the highest in the world as a fraction of domestic consumption, reaching 47% in 2019.

    Data is primarily from the4C Offshore's Global Offshore Wind Farm Map and Database. Tariff data is supplied by theDanish Energy Agency. The name of the wind farm is the name used by the energy company when referring to the farm, and is usually related to a shoal or the name of the nearest town on shore. The "wind farm" part of the name is implied and hence omitted for ease of reading. (Full article...)
  • Image 2 The mill in June 2014 Holgate Windmill is a tower mill at Holgate in York, North Yorkshire, England which has been restored to working order. (Full article...)
    Image 2

    The mill in June 2014

    Holgate Windmill is atower mill atHolgate inYork,North Yorkshire, England which has been restored to working order. (Full article...)
  • Image 3 Scherpenberg Mill, February 2007 The Scherpenberg mill, located in Westmalle, Belgium, is a tower mill that was built in 1843 to grind grain into flour. It is currently owned and operated by the municipal authorities of Malle, who only operate it temporarily. (Full article...)
    Image 3

    Scherpenberg Mill, February 2007

    TheScherpenberg mill, located inWestmalle,Belgium, is atower mill that was built in 1843 togrind grain into flour. It is currently owned and operated by the municipal authorities ofMalle, who only operate it temporarily. (Full article...)
  • Image 4 Four offshore wind farms are in the Thames Estuary area: Kentish Flats, Gunfleet Sands, Thanet and London Array. The latter was largest in the world. This article lists the largest offshore wind farms that are currently operational rated by nameplate capacity. It also lists the largest offshore wind farms currently under construction, the largest proposed offshore wind farms, and offshore wind farms with notability other than size. As of 2022, Hornsea 2 in the United Kingdom is the largest offshore wind farm in the world at 1,386 MW. (Full article...)
    Image 4
    Four offshore wind farms are in theThames Estuary area:Kentish Flats,Gunfleet Sands,Thanet andLondon Array. The latter was largest in the world.


    This article lists the largestoffshore wind farms that are currently operational rated bynameplate capacity. It also lists the largest offshore wind farms currently under construction, the largest proposed offshore wind farms, and offshore wind farms with notability other than size.

    As of 2022,Hornsea 2 in the United Kingdom is the largest offshore wind farm in the world at 1,386MW. (Full article...)
  • Image 5 This article lists all power stations in Uruguay. (Full article...)
    Image 5
    This article lists allpower stations inUruguay. (Full article...)
  • Image 6 View of the Bourne Windmill 1975 The Bourne Windmill, Oakdale, New York was an American farm design tower windmill, built in 1911 by Commodore Frederic G Bourne, as part of a farm in Oakdale, New York. It was located north of his South Shore estate, known as Indian Neck Hall, which later became LaSalle Military Academy. The windmill was demolished in 2004–2005. (Full article...)
    Image 6

    View of the Bourne Windmill 1975

    TheBourne Windmill, Oakdale, New York was an American farm design towerwindmill, built in 1911 byCommodore Frederic G Bourne, as part of a farm inOakdale, New York. It was located north of his South Shore estate, known asIndian Neck Hall, which later becameLaSalle Military Academy. The windmill was demolished in 2004–2005. (Full article...)
  • Image 7 As of 2016, there were over 160 operational wind farms in Lithuania, but the majority of them consisted of small farms generating less than 2 MW. (Full article...)
    Image 7
    As of 2016, there were over 160 operational wind farms in Lithuania, but the majority of them consisted of small farms generating less than 2 MW. (Full article...)
  • Image 8 A replica 18th century Dutch windmill fabricated recently in the Netherlands and then assembled on the shore of Lake Imba near Sakura, Japan, named in honour of 'The Love' (De Liefde), the first Dutch sailing vessel to reach Japan in 1600. Wind rights are rights relating to windmills, wind turbines and wind power. Historically in Continental Europe wind rights were manorial rights and obligations relating to the operation and profitability of windmills. In modern times, as wind becomes a more important source of power, rights relating to wind turbines and windmills are sometimes referred to as "wind rights". (Full article...)
    Image 8
    A replica 18th century Dutch windmill fabricated recently in the Netherlands and then assembled on the shore of Lake Imba near Sakura, Japan, named in honour of 'The Love' (De Liefde), the first Dutch sailing vessel to reach Japan in 1600.

    Wind rights are rights relating towindmills,wind turbines andwind power. Historically inContinental Europe wind rights were manorial rights and obligations relating to the operation and profitability of windmills. In modern times, as wind becomes a more important source of power, rights relating to wind turbines and windmills are sometimes referred to as "wind rights". (Full article...)
  • Image 9 The Ben Darrah Water Tank and Well House near Shoshone, Idaho, United States, were built in c. 1916 by stonemason Bill Darrah. They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983; the listing included two contributing buildings on 1.3 acres (0.53 ha). The water tank is round, constructed of rock walls about 12 feet (3.7 m) tall and 14 feet (4.3 m) in diameter. It is covered by a concrete-coated wood plank cover. It is one of Bill Darrah's earlier water tank works, and was built for his brother Ben Darrah's upper ranch. (Full article...)
    Image 9
    TheBen Darrah Water Tank and Well House nearShoshone, Idaho, United States, were built in c. 1916 by stonemasonBill Darrah. They were listed on theNational Register of Historic Places in 1983; the listing included twocontributing buildings on 1.3 acres (0.53 ha).

    Thewater tank is round, constructed of rock walls about 12 feet (3.7 m) tall and 14 feet (4.3 m) in diameter. It is covered by a concrete-coated wood plank cover. It is one of Bill Darrah's earlier water tank works, and was built for his brother Ben Darrah's upper ranch. (Full article...)
  • Image 10 Aerial view of Lillgrund Wind Farm This is a list of operational, offshore wind farms in Sweden (within the national maritime boundaries). This information is gathered from multiple Internet sources, and commercial sources. The name of the wind farm is the name used by the energy company when referring to the farm and is usually related to a shoal or the name of the nearest town on shore. The "wind farm" part is implied and hence removed for clarity. (Full article...)
    Image 10
    Aerial view ofLillgrund Wind Farm


    This is a list of operational,offshore wind farms inSweden (within the nationalmaritime boundaries).

    This information is gathered from multiple Internet sources, and commercial sources.
    The name of the wind farm is the name used by the energy company when referring to the farm and is usually related to a shoal or the name of the nearest town on shore. The "wind farm" part is implied and hence removed for clarity. (Full article...)
  • Image 11 Smock mill with fantail (Sønderho, Fanø, Denmark) The smock mill is a type of windmill that consists of a sloping, horizontally weatherboarded, thatched, or shingled tower, usually with six or eight sides. It is topped with a roof or cap that rotates to bring the sails into the wind. This type of windmill got its name from its resemblance to smocks worn by farmers in an earlier period. (Full article...)
    Image 11
    Smock mill withfantail (Sønderho, Fanø, Denmark)

    Thesmock mill is a type ofwindmill that consists of a sloping, horizontallyweatherboarded,thatched, orshingled tower, usually with six or eight sides. It is topped with a roof or cap that rotates to bring the sails into the wind. This type of windmill got its name from its resemblance tosmocks worn byfarmers in an earlier period. (Full article...)
  • Image 12 North Steads Wind Farm from Druridge Bay This is a list of some onshore wind farms (more than one turbine) in the UK. This information is gathered from multiple Internet sources, primarily the UK Wind Energy Database from RenewableUK (formerly BWEA) and The Wind Power's database. There are many operational wind farms missing from the list, such as Scotland's 522 MW Clyde Wind Farm and the 68 MW Keadby Wind Farm in North Lincolnshire, England's largest onshore wind farm. The name of the wind farm is the name used by the energy company when referring to the farm and is usually related to the name of the physical location, e.g. hill, moor, fell, down etc. or the name of the agricultural farm for the smaller installations on property owned by farmers. The "wind farm" part is implied and hence removed for clarity in most cases. Listings here are restricted to wind farms with 12 turbines or more; for a more comprehensive list, please see the individual country articles. (Full article...)
    Image 12
    North Steads Wind Farm from Druridge Bay

    This is a list of some onshore wind farms (more than one turbine) in the UK. This information is gathered from multiple Internet sources, primarily the UK Wind Energy Database from RenewableUK (formerly BWEA) and The Wind Power's database. There are many operational wind farms missing from the list, such as Scotland's 522 MW Clyde Wind Farm and the 68 MW Keadby Wind Farm in North Lincolnshire, England's largest onshore wind farm. The name of the wind farm is the name used by the energy company when referring to the farm and is usually related to the name of the physical location, e.g. hill, moor, fell, down etc. or the name of the agricultural farm for the smaller installations on property owned by farmers. The "wind farm" part is implied and hence removed for clarity in most cases. Listings here are restricted to wind farms with 12 turbines or more; for a more comprehensive list, please see the individual country articles. (Full article...)
  • Image 13 Danish Smock mill from 1895 at Sønderho, Fanø, with fantail A fantail is a small windmill mounted at right angles to the sails, at the rear of the windmill, and which turns the cap automatically to bring it into the wind. The fantail was patented in 1745 by Edmund Lee, a blacksmith working at Brockmill Forge near Wigan, England, and was perfected on mills around Leeds and Hull towards the end of the 18th century. Fantails are found on all types of traditional windmills and are especially useful where changes in wind direction are frequent. They are more common in England, Denmark and Germany than in other parts of Europe, and are little-known on windmills elsewhere except where English millwrighting traditions were in evidence. The rotating fantail turns the cap of the windmill via a system of gearing to a toothed rack around the top of the mill tower, or to wheels running on the ground in the case of a post mill. It does so until the fantail sails are oriented parallel to the wind, whereby the wind can no longer move them. When the fantail is oriented parallel to the wind, the main sails are in the optimal perpendicular orientation and produce maximum power. (Full article...)
    Image 13
    DanishSmock mill from 1895 at Sønderho, Fanø, with fantail

    Afantail is a small windmill mounted atright angles to the sails, at the rear of thewindmill, and which turns the cap automatically to bring it into the wind. The fantail was patented in 1745 by Edmund Lee, a blacksmith working at Brockmill Forge nearWigan, England, and was perfected on mills aroundLeeds andHull towards the end of the 18th century. Fantails are found on all types of traditional windmills and are especially useful where changes in wind direction are frequent. They are more common in England, Denmark and Germany than in other parts of Europe, and are little-known on windmills elsewhere except where English millwrighting traditions were in evidence.

    The rotating fantail turns the cap of the windmill via a system ofgearing to a toothedrack around the top of the mill tower, or to wheels running on the ground in the case of apost mill. It does so until the fantail sails are oriented parallel to the wind, whereby the wind can no longer move them. When the fantail is oriented parallel to the wind, the main sails are in the optimal perpendicular orientation and produce maximum power. (Full article...)
  • Image 14 Gudhjem Windmill, Bornholm Gudhjem Windmill (Danish: Gudhjem Mølle) is located in the village of Gudhjem on the Danish island of Bornholm. With a sail span of 24 metres (79 ft), the Dutch mill is the largest windmill in Denmark. It served from 1893 to 1962 when it was taken out of commission. (Full article...)
    Image 14
    Gudhjem Windmill, Bornholm


    Gudhjem Windmill (Danish:Gudhjem Mølle) is located in the village ofGudhjem on theDanish island ofBornholm. With a sail span of 24 metres (79 ft), the Dutch mill is the largestwindmill in Denmark. It served from 1893 to 1962 when it was taken out of commission. (Full article...)
  • Image 15 The most important power stations in Turkey are listed here. Turkey generates about 300 TWh of electricity per year. (Full article...)
    Image 15
    The most importantpower stations inTurkey are listed here.Turkey generates about 300 TWh of electricity per year. (Full article...)
  • Image 16 Brill windmill, a 17th-century post mill in Buckinghamshire The post mill is the earliest type of European windmill. Its defining feature is that the whole body of the mill that houses the machinery is mounted on a single central vertical post. The vertical post is supported by four quarter bars. These are struts that steady the central post. The body of the windmill can be turned around the central post to bring the sails into the wind. All post mills have an arm projecting from them on the side opposite the sails and reaching down to near ground level. With some, as at Saxtead Green, the arm carries a fantail to turn the mill automatically. With the others the arm serves to rotate the mill into the wind by hand. (Full article...)
    Image 16
    Brill windmill, a 17th-century post mill inBuckinghamshire

    Thepost mill is the earliest type of Europeanwindmill. Its defining feature is that the whole body of the mill that houses the machinery is mounted on a single central vertical post. The vertical post is supported by four quarter bars. These are struts that steady the central post.

    The body of the windmill can be turned around the central post to bring the sails into the wind. All post mills have an arm projecting from them on the side opposite the sails and reaching down to near ground level. With some, as atSaxtead Green, the arm carries afantail to turn the mill automatically. With the others the arm serves to rotate the mill into the wind by hand. (Full article...)
  • Image 17 Xarolla Windmill The Xarolla Windmill at Żurrieq, Malta is one of the windmills constructed by the Order of St. John in the villages and towns of Malta. It was built in the 18th century and is presently one of the most preserved windmills in Malta. The windmill is an agri-tourism attraction and is found in a complex of agricultural buildings such as a farmhouse, a chapel, catacombs and others. The windmill is also used as an art studio. In 1674 Grand Master Nicolas Cotoner built five windmills around Malta, one of which was tax-Xarolla. Tax-Xarolla Windmill was built by Grand Master Antonio Manoel de Vilhena in 1724. Sometimes after 1998, this was restored to its original working order. It is now the only functioning windmill on the islands of Malta. This is a valuable witness of local culture and heritage; it still has parts of the original mechanisms and can still grind the wheat. In the year 2000, this building was passed over to be administered by the Żurrieq Local Council and is intended to serve also as a cultural centre. The sails were extensively damaged in a gale on 18 March 2022. (Full article...)
    Image 17

    Xarolla Windmill

    TheXarolla Windmill atŻurrieq,Malta isone of the windmills constructed by theOrder of St. John in the villages and towns of Malta. It was built in the 18th century and is presently one of the most preservedwindmills in Malta. The windmill is an agri-tourism attraction and is found in a complex of agricultural buildings such as a farmhouse, a chapel, catacombs and others. The windmill is also used as an art studio.

    In 1674Grand MasterNicolas Cotoner built five windmills around Malta, one of which was tax-Xarolla. Tax-Xarolla Windmill was built by Grand MasterAntonio Manoel de Vilhena in 1724. Sometimes after 1998, this was restored to its original working order. It is now the only functioning windmill on the islands of Malta. This is a valuable witness of local culture and heritage; it still has parts of the original mechanisms and can still grind the wheat. In the year 2000, this building was passed over to be administered by the Żurrieq Local Council and is intended to serve also as a cultural centre. The sails were extensively damaged in a gale on 18 March 2022. (Full article...)
  • Image 18 The following page lists all the power stations in Sweden. For traction power, see List of installations for 15 kV AC railway electrification in Sweden. (Full article...)
    Image 18
    The following page lists all thepower stations inSweden. For traction power, seeList of installations for 15 kV AC railway electrification in Sweden. (Full article...)
  • Image 19 Vinegar Hill Windmill or Templeshannon Windmill is a tower mill on Vinegar Hill, Enniscorthy, County Wexford. (Full article...)
  • Image 20 Pedersker Kirkemølle, Bornholm Pedersker Kirkemølle is a Dutch windmill located in the little village of Pedersker on the Danish island of Bornholm. It functioned until 1969. (Full article...)
    Image 20
    Pedersker Kirkemølle, Bornholm


    Pedersker Kirkemølle is a Dutch windmill located in the little village ofPedersker on theDanish island ofBornholm. It functioned until 1969. (Full article...)
  • Image 21 Aarsdale Windmill, Bornholm Aarsdale Windmill (Danish: Aarsdale Mølle) is a smock windmill located on a hilltop on the southern fringe of Aarsdale, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of Svaneke on the Danish island of Bornholm. Constructed in 1877, it is still in operational condition although it is no longer in regular use. (Full article...)
    Image 21
    Aarsdale Windmill, Bornholm


    Aarsdale Windmill (Danish:Aarsdale Mølle) is asmock windmill located on a hilltop on the southern fringe ofAarsdale, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south ofSvaneke on theDanish island ofBornholm. Constructed in 1877, it is still in operational condition although it is no longer in regular use. (Full article...)
  • Image 22 Elphin Windmill is a fully restored 18th-century tower mill in Elphin, County Roscommon, viewed as a rare piece of Irish industrial architectural heritage, and possibly the oldest operational windmill in Ireland. (Full article...)
    Image 22

    Elphin Windmill is a fully restored 18th-centurytower mill inElphin, County Roscommon, viewed as a rare piece of Irish industrial architectural heritage, and possibly the oldest operational windmill inIreland. (Full article...)
  • Image 23 This is a list of operational, offshore wind farms in Denmark (within the national maritime boundaries). Denmark's wind power generation is the highest in the world as a fraction of domestic consumption, reaching 47% in 2019. Data is primarily from the 4C Offshore's Global Offshore Wind Farm Map and Database. Tariff data is supplied by the Danish Energy Agency. The name of the wind farm is the name used by the energy company when referring to the farm, and is usually related to a shoal or the name of the nearest town on shore. The "wind farm" part of the name is implied and hence omitted for ease of reading. (Full article...)
    Image 23
    This is a list of operational, offshorewind farms inDenmark (within the nationalmaritime boundaries).Denmark's wind power generation is the highest in the world as a fraction of domestic consumption, reaching 47% in 2019.

    Data is primarily from the4C Offshore's Global Offshore Wind Farm Map and Database. Tariff data is supplied by theDanish Energy Agency. The name of the wind farm is the name used by the energy company when referring to the farm, and is usually related to a shoal or the name of the nearest town on shore. The "wind farm" part of the name is implied and hence omitted for ease of reading. (Full article...)
  • Image 24 The mill c.1892 Ringle Crouch Green Mill is a smock mill in Sandhurst, Kent, England, that was demolished to base level in 1945, and now has a new smock tower built on it as residential accommodation and an electricity generator. (Full article...)
    Image 24

    The mill c.1892

    Ringle Crouch Green Mill is asmock mill inSandhurst,Kent, England, that was demolished to base level in 1945, and now has a new smock tower built on it as residential accommodation and an electricity generator. (Full article...)

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Wind power topics
Wind power
Wind farms
Wind turbines
Wind power industry
Manufacturers
Concepts
Windmill topics
Windmill inSønderho, Fanø, Denmark. Dutch type, built in 1895.

Awindmill is a machine operated by the force of wind acting on vanes orsails tomill grain (gristmills), pump water, generate electricity, or drive other machinery.Windmills were used throughout thehigh medieval andearly modern periods; the horizontal orpanemone windmill first appeared inPersia during the 9th century, and the vertical windmill first appeared innorthwestern Europe in the 12th century. Regarded as an icon ofDutch culture, there are approximately 1,000 windmills in theNetherlands today. (Full article...)

Examples of multi-sailed windmills

Examples of tower mills

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The following are images from various wind power-related articles on Wikipedia.

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