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Portal:Western Australia

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TheWestern Australia Portal

Introduction

State bird: Black Swan
State bird:Black Swan


Theflag of Western Australia

Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, theSouthern Ocean to the south, theNorthern Territory to the north-east, andSouth Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state, with a land area of 2,527,013 square kilometres (975,685 sq mi), and is also thesecond-largest subdivision of any country on Earth.

Western Australia has a diverse range of climates, including tropical conditions in theKimberley, deserts in the interior (including theGreat Sandy Desert,Little Sandy Desert,Gibson Desert, andGreat Victoria Desert) and aMediterranean climate on the south-west and southern coastal areas. As of June 2024,[update] the state has 2.965 million inhabitants—10.9 percent of the national total. Over 90 percent of the state's population live in thesouth-west corner and around 80 percent live in the state capitalPerth, leaving the remainder of the state sparsely populated. TheTrans-Australian Railway and theEyre Highway traverse theNullarbor Plain in the state's south-east, providing the principal connection between Western Australia and the population centres in theeastern states. (Full article...)

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  • Image 1 Map of the south-west of Western Australia, with Great Eastern Highway highlighted in red Great Eastern Highway is a 590-kilometre-long (370 mi) road that links the Western Australian capital of Perth with the city of Kalgoorlie. A key route for road vehicles accessing the eastern Wheatbelt and the Goldfields, it is the western portion of the main road link between Perth and the eastern states of Australia. The highway forms the majority of National Highway 94, although the alignment through the Perth suburbs of Guildford and Midland, and the eastern section between Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie are not included. Various segments form parts of other road routes, including National Route 1, Alternative National Route 94, and State Route 51. There are numerous intersections in Perth with other highways and main roads, including Canning, Albany, Tonkin and Roe Highways, and Graham Farmer Freeway. There are also two rural highways that spur off Great Eastern Highway. Great Southern Highway begins near Perth's eastern metropolitan boundary, linking towns such as York, Brookton, Narrogin, and Katanning. Near the eastern end of the highway, Coolgardie is the starting point of Coolgardie–Esperance Highway, connecting to the interstate route Eyre Highway at Norseman, as well as the coastal town of Esperance. (Full article...)
    Image 1

    Map of the south-west of Western Australia, with Great Eastern Highway highlighted in red

    Great Eastern Highway is a 590-kilometre-long (370 mi) road that links theWestern Australian capital ofPerth with the city ofKalgoorlie. A key route for road vehicles accessing the easternWheatbelt and theGoldfields, it is the western portion of the main road link between Perth and theeastern states of Australia. The highway forms the majority ofNational Highway 94, although the alignment through the Perth suburbs of Guildford and Midland, and the eastern section betweenCoolgardie and Kalgoorlie are not included. Various segments form parts of otherroad routes, includingNational Route 1, Alternative National Route 94, and State Route 51.

    There are numerous intersections in Perth with other highways and main roads, includingCanning,Albany,Tonkin andRoe Highways, andGraham Farmer Freeway. There are also two rural highways that spur off Great Eastern Highway.Great Southern Highway begins near Perth's eastern metropolitan boundary, linking towns such asYork,Brookton,Narrogin, andKatanning. Near the eastern end of the highway, Coolgardie is the starting point ofCoolgardie–Esperance Highway, connecting to the interstate routeEyre Highway at Norseman, as well as the coastal town ofEsperance. (Full article...)
  • Image 2 Aerial photograph of the southern half of North Island, looking west North Island is the northernmost island in the Houtman Abrolhos, a coral reef archipelago in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Mid West Western Australia. Located about 14 km (9 mi) from the nearest island group, it is one of the largest islands in the Houtman Abrolhos, and one of the few to support dune systems. It has relatively diverse flora dominated by chenopod shrubs and fauna that includes the introduced tammar wallaby, around seven species of reptile, and about 15 resident bird species. First recorded and surveyed in 1840, North Island has been a seasonal camp for western rock lobster fishermen since the beginning of the 20th century, and this remains the principal focus of human activity on the island. There is also a small amount of tourism, though for the most part it is reserved as conservation habitat for vegetation communities and rare birds. (Full article...)
    Image 2

    Aerial photograph of the southern half of North Island, looking west

    North Island is the northernmost island in theHoutman Abrolhos, acoral reefarchipelago in theIndian Ocean off the coast ofMid WestWestern Australia. Located about 14 km (9 mi) from the nearest island group, it is one of the largest islands in the Houtman Abrolhos, and one of the few to supportdune systems. It has relatively diverse flora dominated bychenopod shrubs and fauna that includes the introducedtammar wallaby, around seven species of reptile, and about 15 resident bird species.

    First recorded and surveyed in 1840, North Island has been a seasonal camp forwestern rock lobster fishermen since the beginning of the 20th century, and this remains the principal focus of human activity on the island. There is also a small amount of tourism, though for the most part it isreserved as conservation habitat for vegetation communities and rare birds. (Full article...)
  • Image 3 Banksia caleyi, commonly known as Caley's banksia or red lantern banksia, is a species of woody shrub of the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia. It generally grows as a dense shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall, has serrated leaves and red, pendent (hanging) inflorescences which are generally hidden in the foliage. First described by Scottish naturalist Robert Brown in 1830, Banksia caleyi was named in honour of the English botanist George Caley. No subspecies are recognised. It is one of three or four related species with hanging inflorescences, which is an unusual feature within the genus. Found south and east of the Stirling Ranges through to the vicinity of Jerramungup, Banksia caleyi grows in a habitat marked by periodic bushfires. Plants are killed by fire and regenerate by seed afterwards. The species was classified as "Not Threatened" under the Wildlife Conservation Act of Western Australia. In contrast to most other Western Australian banksias, it appears to have some resistance to dieback from the soil-borne water mould Phytophthora cinnamomi, and is comparatively easy to grow in cultivation. (Full article...)
    Image 3

    Banksia caleyi, commonly known asCaley's banksia orred lantern banksia, is a species of woodyshrub of the familyProteaceae native toWestern Australia. It generally grows as a dense shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall, hasserrated leaves and red,pendent (hanging)inflorescences which are generally hidden in the foliage. Firstdescribed by Scottish naturalistRobert Brown in 1830,Banksia caleyi was named in honour of the English botanistGeorge Caley. No subspecies are recognised. It is one of three or four related species with hanging inflorescences, which is an unusual feature within the genus.

    Found south and east of theStirling Ranges through to the vicinity ofJerramungup,Banksia caleyi grows in a habitat marked by periodicbushfires. Plants are killed by fire and regenerate by seed afterwards. The species was classified as "Not Threatened" under theWildlife Conservation Act of Western Australia. In contrast to most other Western Australian banksias, it appears to have some resistance todieback from the soil-bornewater mouldPhytophthora cinnamomi, and is comparatively easy to grow in cultivation. (Full article...)
  • Image 4 The Kwinana Freeway viewed from the Comer Street footbridge in Como The Kwinana Freeway is a 72-kilometre (45 mi) freeway in and beyond the southern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia, linking central Perth with Mandurah to the south. It is the central section of State Route 2, which continues north as Mitchell Freeway to Alkimos, and south as Forrest Highway towards Bunbury. A 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) section between Canning and Leach highways is also part of National Route 1. Along its route are interchanges with several major roads, including Roe Highway and Mandjoogoordap Drive. The northern terminus of the Kwinana Freeway is at the Narrows Bridge, which crosses the Swan River, and the southern terminus is at Pinjarra Road, east of Mandurah. Planning for the Kwinana Freeway began in the 1950s, and the first segment in South Perth was constructed between 1956 and 1959. The route has been progressively widened and extended south since then. During the 1980s, the freeway was extended to South Street in Murdoch, and in June 2001, it reached Safety Bay Road in Baldivis. The final extension began as the New Perth Bunbury Highway project, constructed between December 2006 and September 2009. In early 2009, the section north of Pinjarra Road was named as part of the Kwinana Freeway, with the remainder named Forrest Highway. The freeway has been adapted to cater for public transport, with the introduction of bus priority measures in 1987, and the 2007 opening of the Mandurah railway line, constructed in the freeway median strip. (Full article...)
    Image 4

    The Kwinana Freeway viewed from the Comer Street footbridge inComo

    TheKwinana Freeway is a 72-kilometre (45 mi)freeway in and beyond the southern suburbs ofPerth, Western Australia, linkingcentral Perth withMandurah to the south. It is the central section ofState Route 2, which continues north asMitchell Freeway to Alkimos, and south asForrest Highway towardsBunbury. A 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) section betweenCanning andLeach highways is also part ofNational Route 1. Along its route are interchanges with several major roads, includingRoe Highway andMandjoogoordap Drive. The northern terminus of the Kwinana Freeway is at theNarrows Bridge, which crosses theSwan River, and the southern terminus is atPinjarra Road, east of Mandurah.

    Planning for the Kwinana Freeway began in the 1950s, and the first segment inSouth Perth was constructed between 1956 and 1959. The route has been progressively widened and extended south since then. During the 1980s, the freeway was extended toSouth Street inMurdoch, and in June 2001, it reachedSafety Bay Road inBaldivis. The final extension began as the New Perth Bunbury Highway project, constructed between December 2006 and September 2009. In early 2009, the section north of Pinjarra Road was named as part of the Kwinana Freeway, with the remainder named Forrest Highway. The freeway has been adapted to cater for public transport, with the introduction of bus priority measures in 1987, and the 2007 opening of theMandurah railway line, constructed in the freeway median strip. (Full article...)
  • Image 5 Inflorescence of Banksia violacea Banksia violacea, commonly known as violet banksia, is a species of shrub or tree in the plant genus Banksia (family Proteaceae). It generally grows as a small shrub to 1.5 m (5 ft) high with fine narrow leaves, and is best known for its unusually coloured dark purple-violet inflorescences. The colour of the inflorescences, short leaves, and flattened follicles which are sticky when young, help identify this species from others in the field. It is found in low shrubland in southern regions of Western Australia from Esperance in the east to Narrogin in the west, growing exclusively in sandy soils. First described in 1927 by the West Australian botanist Charles Gardner, the species was at one stage considered a variety of B. sphaerocarpa. Although there are no recognised subspecies or varieties, both lignotuberous and nonlignotuberous forms exist for Banksia violacea. Wasps, ants and flies have been recorded visiting flower spikes. Banksia violacea is classified as Not Threatened under the Wildlife Conservation Act of Western Australia. Regarded as of little value to floriculture, it is rarely cultivated. (Full article...)
    Image 5

    Inflorescence ofBanksia violacea

    Banksia violacea, commonly known asviolet banksia, is a species ofshrub or tree in the plant genusBanksia (familyProteaceae). It generally grows as a small shrub to 1.5 m (5 ft) high with fine narrow leaves, and is best known for its unusually coloured dark purple-violetinflorescences. The colour of the inflorescences, short leaves, and flattened follicles which are sticky when young, help identify this species from others in the field. It is found in lowshrubland in southern regions ofWestern Australia fromEsperance in the east toNarrogin in the west, growing exclusively in sandy soils.

    First described in 1927 by the West Australian botanistCharles Gardner, the species was at one stage considered avariety ofB. sphaerocarpa. Although there are no recognised subspecies or varieties, bothlignotuberous and nonlignotuberous forms exist forBanksia violacea. Wasps, ants and flies have been recorded visiting flower spikes.Banksia violacea is classified as Not Threatened under theWildlife Conservation Act of Western Australia. Regarded as of little value tofloriculture, it is rarely cultivated. (Full article...)
  • Image 6 Tree habit, Jandakot Botanical Gardens Banksia menziesii, commonly known as firewood banksia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae. It is a gnarled tree up to 10 m (33 ft) tall, or a lower spreading 1–3 m (3.3–9.8 ft) shrub in the more northern parts of its range. The serrated leaves are dull green with new growth a paler grey green. The prominent autumn and winter inflorescences are often two-coloured red or pink and yellow, and their colour has given rise to more unusual common names such as port wine banksia and strawberry banksia. Yellow blooms are rarely seen. First described by the botanist Robert Brown in the early 19th century, no separate varieties of Banksia menziesii are recognised. It is found in Western Australia, from the Perth (32° S) region north to the Murchison River (27° S), and generally grows on sandy soils, in scrubland or low woodland. Banksia menziesii provides food for a wide array of invertebrate and vertebrate animals; birds and in particular honeyeaters are prominent visitors. A relatively hardy plant, Banksia menziesii is commonly seen in gardens, nature strips and parks in Australian urban areas with Mediterranean climates, but its sensitivity to dieback from the soil-borne water mould Phytophthora cinnamomi makes it short-lived in places with humid summers, such as Sydney. Banksia menziesii is widely used in the cut flower industry both in Australia and overseas. (Full article...)
    Image 6

    Tree habit,Jandakot Botanical Gardens

    Banksia menziesii, commonly known asfirewood banksia, is aspecies of flowering plant in the familyProteaceae. It is a gnarled tree up to 10 m (33 ft) tall, or a lower spreading 1–3 m (3.3–9.8 ft) shrub in the more northern parts of its range. The serrated leaves are dull green with new growth a paler grey green. The prominent autumn and winterinflorescences are often two-coloured red or pink and yellow, and their colour has given rise to more unusualcommon names such asport wine banksia andstrawberry banksia. Yellow blooms are rarely seen.

    First described by the botanistRobert Brown in the early 19th century, no separatevarieties ofBanksia menziesii are recognised. It is found in Western Australia, from thePerth (32° S) region north to theMurchison River (27° S), and generally grows on sandy soils, inscrubland or lowwoodland.Banksia menziesii provides food for a wide array ofinvertebrate andvertebrate animals; birds and in particularhoneyeaters are prominent visitors. A relatively hardy plant,Banksia menziesii is commonly seen in gardens,nature strips and parks in Australian urban areas withMediterranean climates, but its sensitivity to dieback from the soil-borne water mouldPhytophthora cinnamomi makes it short-lived in places with humid summers, such as Sydney.Banksia menziesii is widely used in thecut flower industry both in Australia and overseas. (Full article...)
  • Image 7 Inflorescence Banksia epica is a shrub that grows on the south coast of Western Australia. A spreading bush with wedge-shaped serrated leaves and large creamy-yellow flower spikes, it grows up to 3½ metres (11½ ft) high. It is known only from two isolated populations in the remote southeast of the state, near the western edge of the Great Australian Bight. Both populations occur among coastal heath on cliff-top dunes of siliceous sand. One of the most recently described Banksia species, it was probably seen by Edward John Eyre in 1841, but was not collected until 1973, and was only recognised as a distinct species in 1988. There has been very little research on the species since then, so knowledge of its ecology and cultivation potential is limited. It is placed in Banksia ser. Cyrtostylis, alongside its close relative, the well-known and widely cultivated B. media (southern plains banksia). (Full article...)
    Image 7

    Inflorescence

    Banksia epica is ashrub that grows on the south coast ofWestern Australia. A spreading bush with wedge-shaped serrated leaves and large creamy-yellow flower spikes, it grows up to 3½ metres (11½ ft) high. It is known only from two isolated populations in the remote southeast of thestate, near the western edge of theGreat Australian Bight. Both populations occur among coastalheath oncliff-top dunes ofsiliceous sand.

    One of the most recently describedBanksia species, it was probably seen byEdward John Eyre in 1841, but was not collected until 1973, and was only recognised as a distinctspecies in 1988. There has been very little research on the species since then, so knowledge of its ecology and cultivation potential is limited. It is placed inBanksia ser.Cyrtostylis, alongside its close relative, the well-known and widely cultivatedB. media (southern plains banksia). (Full article...)
  • Image 8 Banksia cuneata, commonly known as matchstick banksia or Quairading banksia, is an endangered species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae. Endemic to southwest Western Australia, it belongs to Banksia subg. Isostylis, a sub-genus of three closely related Banksia species with inflorescences or flower clusters that are dome-shaped heads rather than characteristic Banksia flower spikes. A shrub or small tree up to 5 m (16 ft) high, it has prickly foliage and pink and cream flowers. The common name Matchstick Banksia arises from the blooms in late bud, the individual buds of which resemble matchsticks. The species is pollinated by honeyeaters (Meliphagidae). Although B. cuneata was first collected before 1880, it was not until 1981 that Australian botanist Alex George formally described and named the species. There are two genetically distinct population groups, but no recognised varieties. This Banksia is classified as endangered, surviving in fragments of remnant bushland in a region which has been 93% cleared for agriculture. As Banksia cuneata is killed by fire and regenerates from seed, it is highly sensitive to bushfire frequency—fires recurring within four years could wipe out populations of plants not yet mature enough to set seed. Banksia cuneata is rarely cultivated, and its prickly foliage limits its utility in the cut flower industry. (Full article...)
    Image 8

    Banksia cuneata, commonly known asmatchstick banksia orQuairading banksia, is anendangered species offlowering plant in the familyProteaceae. Endemic tosouthwestWestern Australia, it belongs toBanksia subg.Isostylis, a sub-genus of three closely relatedBanksia species withinflorescences or flower clusters that are dome-shaped heads rather than characteristicBanksia flower spikes. A shrub or small tree up to 5 m (16 ft) high, it has prickly foliage and pink and cream flowers. The common nameMatchstick Banksia arises from the blooms in late bud, the individual buds of which resemble matchsticks. The species ispollinated byhoneyeaters (Meliphagidae).

    AlthoughB. cuneata was first collected before 1880, it was not until 1981 that Australian botanistAlex George formally described and named the species. There are two genetically distinct population groups, but no recognised varieties. ThisBanksia is classified as endangered, surviving in fragments of remnant bushland in a region which has been 93% cleared for agriculture. AsBanksia cuneata is killed by fire and regenerates from seed, it is highly sensitive to bushfire frequency—fires recurring within four years could wipe out populations of plants not yet mature enough to set seed.Banksia cuneata is rarely cultivated, and its prickly foliage limits its utility in the cut flower industry. (Full article...)
  • Image 9 Flower spike, Little Grove, Albany Banksia coccinea, commonly known as the scarlet banksia, waratah banksia or Albany banksia, is an erect shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae. Its distribution in the wild is along the southwest coast of Western Australia, from Denmark to the Stokes National Park, and north to the Stirling Range, growing on white or grey sand in shrubland, heath, or open woodland. Reaching up to 8 m (26 ft) in height, it is a single-stemmed plant that has oblong leaves, which are 3–9 cm (1.2–3.5 in) long and 2–7 cm (0.8–2.8 in) wide. The prominent red and white flower spikes appear mainly in the spring. As they age, they develop small follicles that store seeds until opened by fire. Though widely occurring, it is highly sensitive to dieback, and large populations of plants have succumbed to the disease. Collected and described by Robert Brown in the early 19th century, Banksia coccinea appears to be most closely related to Banksia speciosa and B. baxteri. Banksia coccinea plants are killed by bushfire and regenerate from seed. The flowers attract nectar- and insect-feeding birds, particularly honeyeaters, and various insects. Widely considered one of the most attractive Banksia species, B. coccinea is a popular garden plant and one of the most important Banksia species for the cut flower industry; it is grown commercially in several countries, including Australia, South Africa, Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Israel. In cultivation, B. coccinea grows well in a sunny location on well-drained soil, but it cannot survive in areas with humid or wet summers. (Full article...)
    Image 9

    Flower spike, Little Grove,Albany

    Banksia coccinea, commonly known as thescarlet banksia,waratah banksia orAlbany banksia, is an erect shrub or small tree in thefamilyProteaceae. Its distribution in the wild is along thesouthwest coast ofWestern Australia, fromDenmark to theStokes National Park, and north to theStirling Range, growing on white or grey sand inshrubland, heath, or open woodland. Reaching up to 8 m (26 ft) in height, it is a single-stemmed plant that has oblong leaves, which are 3–9 cm (1.2–3.5 in) long and 2–7 cm (0.8–2.8 in) wide. The prominent red and white flowerspikes appear mainly in the spring. As they age, they develop smallfollicles that store seeds until opened by fire. Though widely occurring, it is highly sensitive todieback, and large populations of plants have succumbed to the disease.

    Collected and described byRobert Brown in the early 19th century,Banksia coccinea appears to be most closely related toBanksia speciosa andB. baxteri.Banksia coccinea plants are killed bybushfire and regenerate from seed. The flowers attract nectar- and insect-feeding birds, particularlyhoneyeaters, and various insects. Widely considered one of the most attractiveBanksia species,B. coccinea is a popular garden plant and one of the most importantBanksia species for thecut flower industry; it is grown commercially in several countries, including Australia, South Africa, Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Israel. In cultivation,B. coccinea grows well in a sunny location on well-drained soil, but it cannot survive in areas with humid or wet summers. (Full article...)
  • Image 10 Group Captain Val Hancock, 1942 Air Marshal Sir Valston Eldridge Hancock, KBE, CB, DFC (31 May 1907 – 29 September 1998) was a senior commander in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). He served as Chief of the Air Staff from 1961 to 1965. A graduate of the Royal Military College, Duntroon, Hancock transferred from the Army to the RAAF in 1929 and qualified as a pilot. His administrative training at Duntroon saw him mainly occupy staff posts, including Deputy Director of Operations and Intelligence at RAAF Headquarters from 1931 to 1935, and Director of Works and Buildings from 1937 to 1939. During the early years of World War II, he commanded No. 1 Bombing and Gunnery School, and held senior planning and administrative positions. He eventually saw combat in the Aitape–Wewak campaign of the Pacific War during 1945. Flying Bristol Beaufort light bombers, he led first No. 100 Squadron, and later No. 71 Wing. His actions earned him the Distinguished Flying Cross. After the war, Hancock became the inaugural commandant of RAAF College. His subsequent positions included Deputy Chief of the Air Staff from 1951 to 1953, Air Member for Personnel from 1953 to 1955, and Air Officer Commanding (AOC) No. 224 Group RAF in Malaya, responsible for all Commonwealth air forces in the region, from 1957 to 1959. Appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1958, he served as AOC RAAF Operational Command from 1959 to 1961, before being promoted to air marshal and commencing his term as Chief of the Air Staff. He was knighted in 1962. In his role as the Air Force's senior officer, Hancock initiated redevelopment of RAAF Base Learmonth in north Western Australia, as part of a chain of forward airfields for the defence of the continent. He also evaluated potential replacements for the RAAF's English Electric Canberra bomber, finding the American "TFX" (later the General Dynamics F-111) to be the most suitable for Australia's needs, though he did not recommend its immediate purchase due to its early stage of development. After retiring from the military in May 1965, Hancock co-founded the Australia Defence Association. He died in 1998, aged 91. (Full article...)
    Image 10

    Group Captain Val Hancock, 1942

    Air MarshalSir Valston Eldridge Hancock,KBE, CB, DFC (31 May 1907 – 29 September 1998) was a senior commander in theRoyal Australian Air Force (RAAF). He served asChief of the Air Staff from 1961 to 1965. A graduate of theRoyal Military College, Duntroon, Hancock transferred from the Army to the RAAF in 1929 and qualified as a pilot. His administrative training at Duntroon saw him mainly occupystaff posts, including Deputy Director of Operations and Intelligence at RAAF Headquarters from 1931 to 1935, and Director of Works and Buildings from 1937 to 1939. During the early years of World War II, he commanded No. 1 Bombing and Gunnery School, and held senior planning and administrative positions. He eventually saw combat in theAitape–Wewak campaign of thePacific War during 1945. FlyingBristol Beaufort light bombers, he led firstNo. 100 Squadron, and laterNo. 71 Wing. His actions earned him theDistinguished Flying Cross.

    After the war, Hancock became the inaugural commandant ofRAAF College. His subsequent positions includedDeputy Chief of the Air Staff from 1951 to 1953, Air Member for Personnel from 1953 to 1955, andAir Officer Commanding (AOC)No. 224 Group RAF inMalaya, responsible for allCommonwealth air forces in the region, from 1957 to 1959. Appointed aCompanion of the Order of the Bath in 1958, he served as AOCRAAF Operational Command from 1959 to 1961, before being promoted to air marshal and commencing his term as Chief of the Air Staff. He wasknighted in 1962. In his role as the Air Force's senior officer, Hancock initiated redevelopment ofRAAF Base Learmonth in northWestern Australia, as part of a chain offorward airfields for the defence of the continent. He also evaluated potential replacements for the RAAF'sEnglish Electric Canberra bomber, finding the American "TFX" (later theGeneral Dynamics F-111) to be the most suitable for Australia's needs, though he did not recommend its immediate purchase due to its early stage of development. After retiring from the military in May 1965, Hancock co-founded the Australia Defence Association. He died in 1998, aged 91. (Full article...)
  • Image 11 Banksia verticillata, commonly known as granite banksia or Albany banksia, is a species of shrub or (rarely) tree of the genus Banksia in the family Proteaceae. It is native to the southwest of Western Australia and can reach up to 3 m (10 ft) in height. It can grow taller to 5 m (16 ft) in sheltered areas, and much smaller in more exposed areas. This species has elliptic green leaves and large, bright golden yellow inflorescences or flower spikes, appearing in summer and autumn. The New Holland honeyeater (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae) is the most prominent pollinator, although several other species of honeyeater, as well as bees, visit the flower spikes. A declared vulnerable species, it occurs in two disjunct populations on granite outcrops along the south coast of Western Australia, with the main population near Albany and a smaller population near Walpole, and is threatened by dieback (Phytophthora cinnamomi) and aerial canker (Zythiostroma). B. verticillata is killed by bushfire and new plants regenerate from seed afterwards. Populations take over a decade to produce seed and fire intervals of greater than twenty years are needed to allow the canopy seed bank to accumulate. (Full article...)
    Image 11

    Banksia verticillata, commonly known asgranite banksia orAlbany banksia, is a species ofshrub or (rarely) tree of the genusBanksia in the familyProteaceae. It is native to thesouthwest ofWestern Australia and can reach up to 3 m (10 ft) in height. It can grow taller to 5 m (16 ft) in sheltered areas, and much smaller in more exposed areas. This species has elliptic green leaves and large, bright golden yellowinflorescences or flower spikes, appearing in summer and autumn. TheNew Holland honeyeater (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae) is the most prominentpollinator, although several other species ofhoneyeater, as well as bees, visit the flower spikes.

    A declaredvulnerable species, it occurs in twodisjunct populations ongranite outcrops along the south coast ofWestern Australia, with the main population nearAlbany and a smaller population nearWalpole, and is threatened by dieback (Phytophthora cinnamomi) and aerial canker (Zythiostroma).B. verticillata is killed by bushfire and new plants regenerate from seed afterwards. Populations take over a decade to produce seed and fire intervals of greater than twenty years are needed to allow thecanopy seed bank to accumulate. (Full article...)
  • Image 12 Banksia dentata, commonly known as the tropical banksia, is a species of tree in the family Proteaceae. It occurs across northern Australia, southern New Guinea and the Aru Islands. Growing as a gnarled tree to 7 m (23 ft) high, it has large green leaves up to 22 cm (8.7 in) long with dentate margins. The cylindrical yellow inflorescences, up to 13 cm (5.1 in) high, appear between November and May, attracting various species of honeyeaters, sunbirds, the sugar glider and a variety of insects. Flowers fall off the ageing spikes, which swell and develop follicles containing up to two viable seeds each. Banksia dentata is one of four Banksia species collected by Sir Joseph Banks in 1770, and one of the four species published in 1782 as part of Carolus Linnaeus the Younger's original description of Banksia. Within the genus, it is classified in the series Salicinae, a group of species from Australia's eastern states. Genetic studies show it is a basal member within the group. Banksia dentata is found in tropical grassland known as savanna, and associated with Pandanus and Melaleuca. It regenerates from bushfire by regrowing from its woody base, known as a lignotuber. (Full article...)
    Image 12

    Banksia dentata, commonly known as thetropical banksia, is a species of tree in the familyProteaceae. It occurs across northern Australia, southernNew Guinea and theAru Islands. Growing as a gnarled tree to 7 m (23 ft) high, it has large green leaves up to 22 cm (8.7 in) long withdentatemargins. The cylindrical yellowinflorescences, up to 13 cm (5.1 in) high, appear between November and May, attracting various species ofhoneyeaters,sunbirds, thesugar glider and a variety of insects. Flowers fall off the ageing spikes, which swell and developfollicles containing up to two viable seeds each.

    Banksia dentata is one of fourBanksia species collected by SirJoseph Banks in 1770, and one of the four species published in 1782 as part ofCarolus Linnaeus the Younger's original description ofBanksia. Within the genus, it is classified in theseriesSalicinae, a group of species from Australia's eastern states.Genetic studies show it is abasal member within the group.Banksia dentata is found in tropical grassland known assavanna, and associated withPandanus andMelaleuca. It regenerates from bushfire by regrowing from its woody base, known as alignotuber. (Full article...)
  • Image 13 Adenanthos obovatus, commonly known as basket flower (which usually refers to Centaurea, though), or, jugflower, is a shrub of the plant family Proteaceae endemic to Southwest Australia. Described by French naturalist Jacques Labillardière in 1805, it had first been collected by Archibald Menzies in 1791. Within the genus Adenanthos, it lies in the section Eurylaema and is most closely related to A. barbiger. A. obovatus has hybridized with A. detmoldii to produce the hybrid A. × pamela. Several common names allude to the prominent red flowers of the species. It grows as a many-stemmed spreading bush up to 1 m (3.3 ft) high, and about 1.5 m (4.9 ft) across, with fine bright green foliage. Made up of single red flowers, the inflorescences appear from April to December, and peak in spring (August to October). The shrub grows on sandy soils in seasonally wet lowland areas as well as hills and dunes. It regenerates after bushfire by resprouting from its underground lignotuber. Pollinators include honeyeaters, particularly the western spinebill, which can access the nectar with its long curved bill, and the silvereye, which punctures the flower tube. The most commonly cultivated Adenanthos species in Australia, it has a long flowering period and attracts honeyeaters to the garden. It is harvested for the cut flower industry. (Full article...)
    Image 13

    Adenanthos obovatus, commonly known asbasket flower (which usually refers toCentaurea, though), or,jugflower, is a shrub of theplantfamilyProteaceaeendemic toSouthwest Australia. Described by French naturalistJacques Labillardière in 1805, it had first been collected byArchibald Menzies in 1791. Within the genusAdenanthos, it lies in thesectionEurylaema and is most closely related toA. barbiger.A. obovatus has hybridized withA. detmoldii to produce the hybridA. × pamela. Several common names allude to the prominent red flowers of the species. It grows as a many-stemmed spreading bush up to 1 m (3.3 ft) high, and about 1.5 m (4.9 ft) across, with fine bright green foliage. Made up of single red flowers, theinflorescences appear from April to December, and peak in spring (August to October).

    The shrub grows on sandy soils in seasonally wet lowland areas as well as hills and dunes. It regenerates after bushfire by resprouting from its undergroundlignotuber. Pollinators includehoneyeaters, particularly thewestern spinebill, which can access the nectar with its long curved bill, and thesilvereye, which punctures the flower tube. The most commonly cultivatedAdenanthos species in Australia, it has a long flowering period and attracts honeyeaters to the garden. It is harvested for thecut flower industry. (Full article...)
  • Image 14 B. sessilis var. cordata Banksia sessilis, commonly known as parrot bush, is a species of shrub or tree in the plant genus Banksia of the family Proteaceae. It had been known as Dryandra sessilis until 2007, when the genus Dryandra was sunk into Banksia. The Noongar peoples know the plant as budjan or butyak. Widespread throughout southwest Western Australia, it is found on sandy soils over laterite or limestone, often as an understorey plant in open forest, woodland or shrubland. Encountered as a shrub or small tree up to 6 m (20 ft) in height, it has prickly dark green leaves and dome-shaped cream-yellow flowerheads. Flowering from winter through to late spring, it provides a key source of food—both the nectar and the insects it attracts—for honeyeaters in the cooler months, and species diversity is reduced in areas where there is little or no parrot bush occurring. Several species of honeyeater, some species of native bee, and the European honey bee seek out and consume the nectar, while the long-billed black cockatoo and Australian ringneck eat the seed. The life cycle of Banksia sessilis is adapted to regular bushfires. Killed by fire and regenerating by seed afterwards, each shrub generally produces many flowerheads and a massive amount of seed. It can recolonise disturbed areas, and may grow in thickets. Banksia sessilis has a somewhat complicated taxonomic history. It was collected from King George Sound in 1801 and described by Robert Brown in 1810 as Dryandra floribunda, a name by which it was known for many years. However, Joseph Knight had published the name Josephia sessilis in 1809, which had precedence due to its earlier date, and the specific name was formalised in 1924. Four varieties are recognised. It is a prickly plant with little apparent horticultural potential; none of the varieties are commonly seen in cultivation. A profuse producer of nectar, B. sessilis is valuable to the beekeeping industry. (Full article...)
    Image 14

    Banksia sessilis, commonly known asparrot bush, is aspecies ofshrub ortree in theplantgenusBanksia of the familyProteaceae. It had been known asDryandra sessilis until 2007, when the genusDryandra was sunk intoBanksia. TheNoongar peoples know the plant asbudjan orbutyak. Widespread throughoutsouthwestWestern Australia, it is found on sandy soils overlaterite orlimestone, often as anunderstorey plant in open forest, woodland or shrubland. Encountered as a shrub or small tree up to 6 m (20 ft) in height, it has prickly dark green leaves and dome-shaped cream-yellowflowerheads. Flowering from winter through to late spring, it provides a key source of food—both the nectar and the insects it attracts—forhoneyeaters in the cooler months, andspecies diversity is reduced in areas where there is little or no parrot bush occurring. Several species of honeyeater, some species of native bee, and theEuropean honey bee seek out and consume the nectar, while thelong-billed black cockatoo andAustralian ringneck eat the seed. The life cycle ofBanksia sessilis is adapted to regular bushfires. Killed by fire and regenerating by seed afterwards, each shrub generally produces many flowerheads and a massive amount of seed. It can recolonise disturbed areas, and may grow in thickets.

    Banksia sessilis has a somewhat complicatedtaxonomic history. It was collected fromKing George Sound in 1801 and described byRobert Brown in 1810 asDryandra floribunda, a name by which it was known for many years. However,Joseph Knight had published the nameJosephia sessilis in 1809, which had precedence due to its earlier date, and the specific name was formalised in 1924. Fourvarieties are recognised. It is a prickly plant with little apparenthorticultural potential; none of the varieties are commonly seen in cultivation. A profuse producer of nectar,B. sessilis is valuable to thebeekeeping industry. (Full article...)
  • Image 15 Banksia aculeata, commonly known as prickly banksia, is a species of plant of the family Proteaceae native to the Stirling Range in the southwest of Western Australia. A shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall, it has dense foliage and leaves with very prickly serrated margins. Its unusual pinkish, pendent (hanging) flower spikes, known as inflorescences, are generally hidden in the foliage and appear during the early summer. Although it was collected by the naturalist James Drummond in the 1840s, Banksia aculeata was not formally described until 1981, by Alex George in his monograph of the genus. A rare plant, Banksia aculeata is found in gravelly soils in elevated areas. Native to a habitat burnt by periodic bushfires, it is killed by fire and regenerates from seed afterwards. In contrast to other Western Australian banksias, it appears to have some resistance to the soil-borne water mould Phytophthora cinnamomi. (Full article...)
    Image 15

    Banksia aculeata, commonly known asprickly banksia, is aspecies of plant of the familyProteaceae native to theStirling Range in thesouthwest ofWestern Australia. A shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall, it has dense foliage and leaves with very pricklyserrated margins. Its unusual pinkish,pendent (hanging) flower spikes, known asinflorescences, are generally hidden in the foliage and appear during the early summer. Although it was collected by the naturalistJames Drummond in the 1840s,Banksia aculeata was notformally described until 1981, byAlex George in his monograph of the genus.

    A rare plant,Banksia aculeata is found in gravelly soils in elevated areas. Native to a habitat burnt by periodicbushfires, it is killed by fire and regenerates from seed afterwards. In contrast to other Western Australian banksias, it appears to have some resistance to the soil-bornewater mouldPhytophthora cinnamomi. (Full article...)

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The 'Basin' atRottnest Island, Western Australia. The Bathurst Lighthouse can be seen in the distance. Rottnest is located 19 km off the coast of Western Australia, nearFremantle. The island is 11 kilometres long, and 4.5 kilometres at its widest point. The land area measures 19 km². It is classified as an A Class Reserve and is managed by the Rottnest Island Authority. No private ownership of land is allowed.

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  • Image 1 Southbound view from Platform 1, October 2024 Canning Bridge railway station is a suburban railway and bus station on the Mandurah line in Perth, Western Australia. Situated in the suburb of Como next to the Canning River, the station is located at the interchange between the Kwinana Freeway and Canning Highway. The train platforms are at ground level within the median strip of the freeway, while the bus stands are on the Canning Highway bridge over the freeway. Canning Bridge station opened as a bus station on 11 February 2002 to facilitate transfers between buses on the Kwinana Freeway and on Canning Highway. The ground-level bus stops closed on 29 January 2006 for conversion to train platforms by contractor John Holland. The Mandurah line opened on 23 December 2007. The station is planned to be upgraded to improve the bus interchange as part of Metronet. (Full article...)
    Image 1

    Southbound view from Platform 1, October 2024

    Canning Bridge railway station is asuburban railway and bus station on theMandurah line inPerth, Western Australia. Situated in the suburb ofComo next to theCanning River, the station is located at the interchange between theKwinana Freeway andCanning Highway. The train platforms are at ground level within themedian strip of the freeway, while the bus stands are on the Canning Highway bridge over the freeway.

    Canning Bridge station opened as a bus station on 11 February 2002 to facilitate transfers between buses on the Kwinana Freeway and on Canning Highway. The ground-level bus stops closed on 29 January 2006 for conversion to train platforms by contractorJohn Holland. The Mandurah line opened on 23 December 2007. The station is planned to be upgraded to improve the bus interchange as part ofMetronet. (Full article...)
  • Image 2 Southbound view from Platform 2, showing station shelter, August 2022 Challis railway station is a suburban railway station in Kelmscott, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. It is on the Armadale line which is part of the Transperth network, and is 27.3 kilometres (17.0 mi) southwest of Perth station and 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of Armadale station. The station opened on 29 October 1973, as did the adjacent Sherwood station, filling the large gap between Armadale station and Kelmscott station. It consists of two side platforms with a pedestrian level crossing. It is not fully accessible due to steep ramps and wide gaps at the pedestrian level crossing. Services are operated by Transperth Train Operations, a division of the state government's Public Transport Authority. Peak services reach seven trains per hour in each direction, whilst off-peak services are four trains per hour. The station is one of the least used ones on the Transperth network, with just 259 boardings per day in October 2017. The City of Armadale rezoned nearby land in the 2010s with the goal of increasing patronage. (Full article...)
    Image 2

    Southbound view from Platform 2, showing station shelter, August 2022

    Challis railway station is a suburban railway station inKelmscott, asuburb ofPerth, Western Australia. It is on theArmadale line which is part of theTransperth network, and is 27.3 kilometres (17.0 mi) southwest ofPerth station and 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) north ofArmadale station. The station opened on 29 October 1973, as did the adjacentSherwood station, filling the large gap between Armadale station andKelmscott station. It consists of twoside platforms with a pedestrian level crossing. It is not fullyaccessible due to steep ramps and wide gaps at the pedestrian level crossing.

    Services are operated byTransperth Train Operations, a division of the state government'sPublic Transport Authority. Peak services reach seven trains per hour in each direction, whilst off-peak services are four trains per hour. The station is one of the least used ones on the Transperth network, with just 259 boardings per day in October 2017. TheCity of Armadale rezoned nearby land in the 2010s with the goal of increasing patronage. (Full article...)
  • Image 3 Seaforth station, April 2022 Seaforth railway station is a suburban railway station in Gosnells, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. It is on the Armadale line which is part of the Transperth network, and is 22.6 kilometres (14.0 mi) south-west of Perth station and 7.8 kilometres (4.8 mi) north of Armadale station. The station opened on 4 May 1948 with low-level platforms. High-level platforms were added in 1968. The station consists of two side platforms with a pedestrian level crossing. It is not fully accessible due to steep ramps and a lack of tactile paving. Services are operated by the Public Transport Authority. Peak services reach seven trains per hour in each direction, whilst off-peak services are four trains per hour. The station is one of the least used ones on the Transperth network, with just 136 boardings per day in October 2017. The station was closed for 18 months in November 2023 to facilitate construction of the Victoria Park-Canning Level Crossing Removal and Byford Rail Extension projects. (Full article...)
    Image 3

    Seaforth station, April 2022

    Seaforth railway station is a suburban railway station inGosnells, asuburb ofPerth, Western Australia. It is on theArmadale line which is part of theTransperth network, and is 22.6 kilometres (14.0 mi) south-west ofPerth station and 7.8 kilometres (4.8 mi) north ofArmadale station. The station opened on 4 May 1948 withlow-level platforms.High-level platforms were added in 1968. The station consists of twoside platforms with a pedestrian level crossing. It is not fullyaccessible due to steep ramps and a lack oftactile paving.

    Services are operated by thePublic Transport Authority. Peak services reach seven trains per hour in each direction, whilst off-peak services are four trains per hour. The station is one of the least used ones on the Transperth network, with just 136 boardings per day in October 2017. The station was closed for 18 months in November 2023 to facilitate construction of theVictoria Park-Canning Level Crossing Removal andByford Rail Extension projects. (Full article...)
  • Image 4 Satellite image of Cyclone Alby on 2 April 1978 Severe Tropical Cyclone Alby was regarded as the most devastating tropical cyclone to impact southwestern Western Australia on record. Forming out of an area of low pressure on 27 March 1978, Alby steadily developed as it tracked southwestward, parallel to the west coast. Between 1 and 2 April, the storm quickly intensified and attained its peak intensity as a Category 5 cyclone on the Australian cyclone intensity scale. After turning to the southeast, the storm underwent an extratropical transition as it neared Cape Leeuwin. The storm brushed the cape on 4 April, bringing hurricane-force winds, before rapidly losing its identity the following day. In Western Australia, the combination of Alby's fast movement and hurricane-force winds caused widespread damage. Along the coast, large swells flooded low-lying areas and numerous homes lost their roofs from high winds. Further inland, bushfires were worsened by the storm as it brought little rain, generally less than 20 mm (0.79 in) along the coast. These fires burned roughly 114,000 hectares (281,700 acres). Cyclone Alby and the associated brushfires caused five deaths, with the heaviest damage in the town of Albany, Western Australia. (Full article...)
    Image 4

    Satellite image of Cyclone Alby on 2 April 1978

    Severe Tropical Cyclone Alby was regarded as the most devastatingtropical cyclone to impact southwesternWestern Australia on record. Forming out of anarea of low pressure on 27 March 1978, Alby steadily developed as it tracked southwestward, parallel to the west coast. Between 1 and 2 April, the storm quickly intensified and attained its peak intensity as a Category 5 cyclone on theAustralian cyclone intensity scale. After turning to the southeast, the storm underwent anextratropical transition as it nearedCape Leeuwin. The storm brushed the cape on 4 April, bringing hurricane-force winds, before rapidly losing its identity the following day.

    In Western Australia, the combination of Alby's fast movement and hurricane-force winds caused widespread damage. Along the coast, largeswells flooded low-lying areas and numerous homes lost their roofs from high winds. Further inland, bushfires were worsened by the storm as it brought little rain, generally less than 20 mm (0.79 in) along the coast. These fires burned roughly 114,000 hectares (281,700 acres). Cyclone Alby and the associated brushfires caused five deaths, with the heaviest damage in the town ofAlbany, Western Australia. (Full article...)
  • Image 5 The Palace Hotel in Perth, Western Australia, is a landmark three-storey heritage listed building located in the city's central business district. Originally built in 1897 as a hotel during the gold rush period of Western Australia's history, it was converted to banking chambers and offices in the 1980s and now accommodates the Perth headquarters of Woods Bagot, Adapptor and Hatchd. The building is located on the most prominent intersection in the financial district of the city, at the corner of St Georges Terrace and William Street. When the hotel opened for business on 18 March 1897 it was, although slightly smaller than some of its contemporary buildings in other capital cities in Australasia, described as "one of the most beautiful and elegant hotels in Australasia". Other praise included: "redolent of the bourgeois luxury and splendour of the Paris of Napoleon III" and later "in its day, as sumptuous a hostelry as any in Melbourne or Sydney." It operated as licensed premises from 1897 until 1981. (Full article...)
    Image 5

    ThePalace Hotel inPerth, Western Australia, is a landmark three-storey heritage listed building located in the city'scentral business district. Originally built in 1897 as a hotel during thegold rush period ofWestern Australia's history, it was converted to banking chambers and offices in the 1980s and now accommodates the Perth headquarters ofWoods Bagot, Adapptor and Hatchd. The building is located on the most prominent intersection in the financial district of the city, at the corner ofSt Georges Terrace andWilliam Street.

    When the hotel opened for business on 18 March 1897 it was, although slightly smaller than some of its contemporary buildings in other capital cities in Australasia, described as "one of the most beautiful and elegant hotels in Australasia". Other praise included: "redolent of the bourgeois luxury and splendour of the Paris of Napoleon III" and later "in its day, as sumptuous a hostelry as any in Melbourne or Sydney." It operated as licensed premises from 1897 until 1981. (Full article...)
  • Image 6 Station building and entrance, May 2023 High Wycombe railway station is a Transperth commuter rail station in Perth, Western Australia. The station is the eastern terminus of the Airport line and was one of three stations built as part of the Forrestfield–Airport Link project. The station was originally known as Forrestfield station during planning and construction. The contract for the Forrestfield–Airport Link, which consists of 8 kilometres (5 mi) of twin bored tunnels and three new stations, was awarded to Salini Impregilo and NRW Pty Ltd in April 2016. High Wycombe station itself was constructed above ground, with the line entering a tunnel just north of the station. Construction began in November 2016, with works initially focussing on building the tunnel dive structure. Tunnelling began in July 2017, and construction of the station itself had begun by November 2017. For much of the construction period, the site contained infrastructure to support the tunnelling operation. (Full article...)
    Image 6

    Station building and entrance, May 2023

    High Wycombe railway station is aTransperth commuter rail station inPerth, Western Australia. The station is the eastern terminus of theAirport line and was one of three stations built as part of theForrestfield–Airport Link project.

    The station was originally known as Forrestfield station during planning and construction. The contract for the Forrestfield–Airport Link, which consists of 8 kilometres (5 mi) of twin bored tunnels and three new stations, was awarded toSalini Impregilo andNRW Pty Ltd in April 2016. High Wycombe station itself was constructed above ground, with the line entering a tunnel just north of the station. Construction began in November 2016, with works initially focussing on building the tunnel dive structure. Tunnelling began in July 2017, and construction of the station itself had begun by November 2017. For much of the construction period, the site contained infrastructure to support the tunnelling operation. (Full article...)
  • Image 7 The Narrows Bridge viewed from QV1, showing the two road bridges and railway bridge The Narrows Bridge is a freeway and railway crossing of the Swan River in Perth, Western Australia. Made up of two road bridges and a railway bridge constructed at a part of the river known as the Narrows, located between Mill Point and Point Lewis, it connects the Mitchell and Kwinana freeways, linking the city's northern and southern suburbs. The original road bridge was opened in 1959 and was the largest precast prestressed concrete bridge in the world. Construction of the northern interchange for this bridge necessitated the reclamation of a large amount of land from the river. (Full article...)
    Image 7

    The Narrows Bridge viewed fromQV1, showing the two road bridges and railway bridge

    TheNarrows Bridge is a freeway and railway crossing of theSwan River inPerth, Western Australia.

    Made up of two road bridges and a railway bridge constructed at a part of the river known asthe Narrows, located betweenMill Point and Point Lewis, it connects theMitchell andKwinana freeways, linking the city's northern and southern suburbs. The original road bridge was opened in 1959 and was the largestprecastprestressed concrete bridge in the world. Construction of the northern interchange for this bridge necessitated thereclamation of a large amount of land from the river. (Full article...)
  • Image 8 Map of north-western Western Australia, with North West Coastal Highway highlighted in red North West Coastal Highway is a generally north–south Western Australian highway which links the coastal city of Geraldton with the town of Port Hedland. The 1,300-kilometre-long (808 mi) road, constructed as a sealed two-lane single carriageway, travels through remote and largely arid landscapes. Carnarvon is the only large settlement on the highway, and is an oasis within the harsh surrounding environment. The entire highway is allocated National Route 1, part of Australia's Highway 1, and parts of the highway are included in tourist routes Batavia Coast Tourist Way and Cossack Tourist Way. Economically, North West Coastal Highway is an important link to the Mid West, Gascoyne and Pilbara regions, supporting the agricultural, pastoral, fishing, and tourism industries, as well as mining and offshore oil and gas production. In Geraldton, the highway begins at a grade separated interchange with Brand Highway and roads providing access to the port and town centre. Two major roads link the North West Coastal Highway to the inland Great Northern Highway: Geraldton–Mount Magnet Road in Geraldton, and Nanutarra Munjina Road at Nanutarra, 845 kilometres (525 mi) further north. Several roads link provide access to coastal towns and attractions, including Shark Bay Road, Onslow Road and Karratha Road. With few towns on the highway, roadhouses are the only settlements for long stretches. North West Coastal Highway ends at Great Northern Highway, 30 kilometres (19 mi) out from Port Hedland. (Full article...)
    Image 8

    Map of north-western Western Australia, with North West Coastal Highway highlighted in red

    North West Coastal Highway is a generally north–southWestern Australian highway which links the coastal city ofGeraldton with the town ofPort Hedland. The 1,300-kilometre-long (808 mi) road, constructed as a sealed two-lanesingle carriageway, travels through remote and largely arid landscapes.Carnarvon is the only large settlement on the highway, and is an oasis within the harsh surrounding environment. The entire highway is allocatedNational Route 1, part of Australia'sHighway 1, and parts of the highway are included in tourist routesBatavia Coast Tourist Way andCossack Tourist Way. Economically, North West Coastal Highway is an important link to theMid West,Gascoyne andPilbara regions, supporting the agricultural, pastoral, fishing, and tourism industries, as well as mining and offshore oil and gas production.

    In Geraldton, the highway begins at a grade separated interchange withBrand Highway and roads providing access to the port and town centre. Two major roads link the North West Coastal Highway to the inlandGreat Northern Highway:Geraldton–Mount Magnet Road in Geraldton, andNanutarra Munjina Road atNanutarra, 845 kilometres (525 mi) further north. Several roads link provide access to coastal towns and attractions, includingShark Bay Road,Onslow Road andKarratha Road. With few towns on the highway,roadhouses are the only settlements for long stretches. North West Coastal Highway ends at Great Northern Highway, 30 kilometres (19 mi) out from Port Hedland. (Full article...)
  • Image 9 Soldiers of 11th Battalion posing on the Great Pyramid of Giza on 10 January 1915, prior to the landing at Gallipoli The 11th Battalion was an Australian Army battalion that was among the first infantry units raised during World War I for the First Australian Imperial Force. It was the first battalion recruited in Western Australia, and following a brief training period in Perth, the battalion sailed to Egypt where it undertook four months of intensive training. In April 1915 it took part in the invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula, landing at Anzac Cove. In August 1915 the battalion was in action in the Battle of Lone Pine. Following the withdrawal from Gallipoli, the battalion returned to Egypt where it was split to help form the 51st Battalion. In March 1916, the battalion was deployed to the Western Front in France and Belgium where it took part in trench warfare until the end of the war in November 1918. The battalion was disbanded in 1919, but since 1921 has been re-activated and merged several times as a reserve unit, initially as the 11th Battalion (City of Perth Regiment), which fought a brief campaign against the Japanese on New Britain during World War II. Other units that have maintained the traditions of the original 11th Battalion include the 11th/44th Battalion (City of Perth Regiment), 'A' (City of Perth) Company, 1st Battalion, Royal Western Australia Regiment and the current 11th/28th Battalion, Royal Western Australia Regiment. (Full article...)
    Image 9

    Soldiers of 11th Battalion posing on theGreat Pyramid of Giza on 10 January 1915, prior to the landing atGallipoli

    The11th Battalion was anAustralian Armybattalion that was among the firstinfantry units raised during World War I for theFirst Australian Imperial Force. It was the first battalion recruited inWestern Australia, and following a brief training period inPerth, the battalion sailed to Egypt where it undertook four months of intensive training. In April 1915 it took part in the invasion of theGallipoli Peninsula,landing at Anzac Cove. In August 1915 the battalion was in action in theBattle of Lone Pine. Following the withdrawal from Gallipoli, the battalion returned to Egypt where it was split to help form the51st Battalion. In March 1916, the battalion was deployed to theWestern Front in France and Belgium where it took part in trench warfare until the end of the war in November 1918.

    The battalion was disbanded in 1919, but since 1921 has been re-activated and merged several times as areserve unit, initially as the 11th Battalion (City of Perth Regiment), which fought a brief campaign against the Japanese onNew Britain during World War II. Other units that have maintained the traditions of the original 11th Battalion include the 11th/44th Battalion (City of Perth Regiment), 'A' (City of Perth) Company, 1st Battalion, Royal Western Australia Regiment and the current11th/28th Battalion, Royal Western Australia Regiment. (Full article...)
  • Image 10 Carlisle Station viewed from Mint Street Carlisle railway station is a suburban railway station on the Transperth network in Western Australia. It is in the Perth suburbs of Carlisle and East Victoria Park and is served by Thornlie–Cockburn line and Armadale line services. The station first opened in July 1912. It was known as Mint Street station at first, but it was renamed Victoria Park East station in October 1912 and to its present name in May 1919. It gained a station master in 1922, which lasted until 1971. Carlisle station had minor upgrades from 2002 to 2003 in preparation for the opening of the Thornlie line, which happened in 2005. In 20 November 2023, the station closed to undergo a complete rebuild as an elevated station as part of the Victoria Park-Canning Level Crossing Removal Project to remove a nearby level crossing. The station reopened in June 2025. (Full article...)
    Image 10

    Carlisle Station viewed from Mint Street

    Carlisle railway station is a suburban railway station on theTransperth network inWestern Australia. It is in thePerth suburbs ofCarlisle andEast Victoria Park and is served byThornlie–Cockburn line andArmadale line services.

    The station first opened in July 1912. It was known as Mint Street station at first, but it was renamed Victoria Park East station in October 1912 and to its present name in May 1919. It gained a station master in 1922, which lasted until 1971. Carlisle station had minor upgrades from 2002 to 2003 in preparation for the opening of the Thornlie line, which happened in 2005. In 20 November 2023, the station closed to undergo a complete rebuild as an elevated station as part of theVictoria Park-Canning Level Crossing Removal Project to remove a nearbylevel crossing. The station reopened in June 2025. (Full article...)
  • Image 11 Myrmecia inquilina is a species of ant endemic to Australia in the subfamily Myrmeciinae, first discovered in 1955 and described by Athol Douglas and William Brown Jr. in 1959. These ants are large, measuring 21.4 millimetres (0.84 in). During the time of its discovery, Douglas and Brown announced M. inquilina as the first social parasite among the primitive subfamilies, and today it is one of the two known Myrmecia species to have no worker caste. Two host species are known, Myrmecia nigriceps and Myrmecia vindex. Aggression between M. inquilina and its host species does not occur, and colonies may only produce M. inquilina brood months after the inquiline queens begin to lay their eggs. Queens eat the colony brood or trophic eggs, and other Myrmecia species may kill M. inquilina queens if they reject them. Due to its restricted distribution and threats to its habitat, the ant is "vulnerable" according to the IUCN Red List. (Full article...)
    Image 11
    Myrmecia inquilina is a species of antendemic toAustralia in the subfamilyMyrmeciinae, first discovered in 1955 and described by Athol Douglas and William Brown Jr. in 1959. These ants are large, measuring 21.4millimetres (0.84 in). During the time of its discovery, Douglas and Brown announcedM. inquilina as the firstsocial parasite among the primitive subfamilies, and today it is one of the two knownMyrmecia species to have no worker caste. Two host species are known,Myrmecia nigriceps andMyrmecia vindex. Aggression betweenM. inquilina and its host species does not occur, and colonies may only produceM. inquilina brood months after the inquiline queens begin to lay their eggs. Queens eat the colony brood ortrophic eggs, and otherMyrmecia species may killM. inquilina queens if they reject them. Due to its restricted distribution and threats to its habitat, the ant is "vulnerable" according to theIUCN Red List. (Full article...)
  • Image 12 An aerial view of Ellenbrook station as of January 2026 Ellenbrook railway station is a suburban railway station in Ellenbrook, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. The station is the north-eastern terminus of the Ellenbrook line. Ellenbrook station consists of a ground-level island platform with a bus interchange and car park. The contract for the construction of the Ellenbrook line was awarded to Laing O'Rourke in October 2020. Construction on Ellenbrook station started in January 2022 and was completed in March 2024, making it the first new station on the Ellenbrook line to begin and complete construction. The station opened alongside the rest of the Ellenbrook line on 8 December 2024. (Full article...)
    Image 12

    An aerial view of Ellenbrook station as of January 2026

    Ellenbrook railway station is asuburban railway station inEllenbrook, a suburb ofPerth, Western Australia. The station is the north-eastern terminus of theEllenbrook line.

    Ellenbrook station consists of a ground-levelisland platform with abus interchange and car park. The contract for the construction of the Ellenbrook line was awarded toLaing O'Rourke in October 2020. Construction on Ellenbrook station started in January 2022 and was completed in March 2024, making it the first new station on the Ellenbrook line to begin and complete construction. The station opened alongside the rest of the Ellenbrook line on 8 December 2024. (Full article...)
  • Image 13 Southbound view from Platform 1, August 2021 Warnbro railway station is a commuter railway station in Warnbro, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. It is on the Mandurah line, which is part of the Transperth commuter rail network, and is located immediately south-east of the interchange of Safety Bay Road and Ennis Avenue. It has two side platforms, linked by a pedestrian overpass accessed by stairs, a lift, and escalators. Services run every 10 minutes during peak, and every 15 minutes between peak. The journey to Perth Underground station is 47.5 kilometres (29.5 mi), and takes 38 minutes. The journey to Mandurah station is 23.3 kilometres (14.5 mi), and takes 13 minutes. The station has a bus interchange with seven bus stands and 12 regular bus routes. Known as Waikiki station during planning, the station was included in the South West Metropolitan Railway Master Plan, released in 1999. Originally, there was only going to be a single track railway south of Waikiki station, making the station the terminus for the majority of trains on the line. This was revised later to the entire Mandurah line being dual tracked. The station was designed by Jones Coulter Young Architects and Taylor Robinson Architects. Construction on the station by Doric Constructions and Brierty Contractors began in August 2005. The cost of the station was $15 million. Construction was completed in March 2007, and the station opened, along with the rest of the Mandurah line, on 23 December 2007. (Full article...)
    Image 13

    Southbound view from Platform 1, August 2021

    Warnbro railway station is acommuter railway station inWarnbro, a suburb ofPerth, Western Australia. It is on theMandurah line, which is part of theTransperth commuter rail network, and is located immediately south-east of the interchange ofSafety Bay Road andEnnis Avenue. It has twoside platforms, linked by a pedestrian overpass accessed by stairs, a lift, and escalators. Services run every 10 minutes during peak, and every 15 minutes between peak. The journey toPerth Underground station is 47.5 kilometres (29.5 mi), and takes 38 minutes. The journey toMandurah station is 23.3 kilometres (14.5 mi), and takes 13 minutes. The station has a bus interchange with seven bus stands and 12 regular bus routes.

    Known as Waikiki station during planning, the station was included in the South West Metropolitan Railway Master Plan, released in 1999. Originally, there was only going to be a single track railway south of Waikiki station, making the station the terminus for the majority of trains on the line. This was revised later to the entire Mandurah line being dual tracked. The station was designed by Jones Coulter Young Architects and Taylor Robinson Architects. Construction on the station by Doric Constructions and Brierty Contractors began in August 2005. The cost of the station was $15 million. Construction was completed in March 2007, and the station opened, along with the rest of the Mandurah line, on 23 December 2007. (Full article...)
  • Image 14 Southbound view from Platform 1, April 2022 Sherwood railway station is a suburban railway station in Armadale, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. It is on the Armadale line which is part of the Transperth network, and is 28.6 kilometres (17.8 mi) southwest of Perth station and 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) north of Armadale station. The station opened in 1973 as Kingsley, but was renamed to Sherwood in 1989. It consists of two side platforms with a pedestrian level crossing. It is not fully accessible due to steep ramps, wide gaps at the pedestrian level crossing, and wide gaps between the platform and train. Services are operated by Transperth Train Operations, a division of the state government's Public Transport Authority. The station was temporarily closed for 18 months from November 2023 to allow upgrade works on the Armadale Line to take place. It reopened in October 2025. (Full article...)
    Image 14

    Southbound view from Platform 1, April 2022

    Sherwood railway station is a suburban railway station inArmadale, asuburb ofPerth, Western Australia. It is on theArmadale line which is part of theTransperth network, and is 28.6 kilometres (17.8 mi) southwest ofPerth station and 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) north ofArmadale station. The station opened in 1973 asKingsley, but was renamed to Sherwood in 1989. It consists of twoside platforms with a pedestrianlevel crossing. It is not fullyaccessible due to steep ramps, wide gaps at the pedestrian level crossing, and wide gaps between the platform and train. Services are operated byTransperth Train Operations, a division of the state government'sPublic Transport Authority. The station was temporarily closed for 18 months from November 2023 to allow upgrade works on the Armadale Line to take place. It reopened in October 2025. (Full article...)
  • Image 15 Exterior of Oats Street station Oats Street railway station is a Transperth suburban railway station in Western Australia, located in the Perth suburbs of Carlisle and East Victoria Park. The station is served by the Armadale and Thornlie–Cockburn lines. Oats Street station opened on 28 November 1954, because the introduction of diesel railcars made it possible to build stations closer together. The station consisted of two side platforms north of the Oats Street level crossing. The CircleRoute bus began operating in 1998, allowing access to Curtin University from the Armadale line. A bus interchange was constructed soon thereafter, and Oats Street soon became one of the most important stations on the Armadale line. (Full article...)
    Image 15

    Exterior of Oats Street station

    Oats Street railway station is aTransperth suburban railway station inWestern Australia, located in thePerth suburbs ofCarlisle andEast Victoria Park. The station is served by theArmadale andThornlie–Cockburn lines.

    Oats Street station opened on 28 November 1954, because the introduction of dieselrailcars made it possible to build stations closer together. The station consisted of twoside platforms north of the Oats Streetlevel crossing. TheCircleRoute bus began operating in 1998, allowing access toCurtin University from the Armadale line. A bus interchange was constructed soon thereafter, and Oats Street soon became one of the most important stations on the Armadale line. (Full article...)

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Vital articles:100 Most Influential Western Australians is a possible starting point
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