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Portal:Telephones

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The Telephones Portal

Atelephone, commonly shortened tophone, is atelecommunications device that enables two or more users to conduct aconversation when they are too far apart to be easily heard directly. A telephone convertssound, typically and most efficiently thehuman voice, into electronicsignals that are transmitted viacables and other communication channels to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user. The term is derived fromAncient Greek:τῆλε,romanized: tēle,lit. 'far' andφωνή (phōnē,voice), together meaningdistant voice.

In 1876,Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be granted a United Statespatent for a device that produced clearly intelligible replication of the human voice at a second device. This instrument was further developed by many others, and became rapidly indispensable inbusiness,government, and inhouseholds. (Full article...)

TheSamsung Galaxy Z series arefoldable smartphones.

Amobile phone orcell phone is a portable wirelesstelephone that allows users to make and receivecalls over aradio frequency link while moving within a designated telephone service area, unlike fixed-location phones (landline phones). This radio frequency link connects to the switching systems of amobile phone operator, providing access to thepublic switched telephone network (PSTN). Modern mobile telephony relies on acellular network architecture, which is why mobile phones are often referred to as 'cell phones' in North America. (Full article...)

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Consensus to split out this page into History of smartphones has been found. You can help implement the split by following the resolution on the discussion and thesplitting instructions.

Asmartphone is amobile device that combines the functionality of a traditionalmobile phone with advancedcomputing capabilities. It typically has atouchscreen interface, allowing users to access a wide range of applications and services, such asweb browsing,email, andsocial media, as well asmultimedia playback andstreaming. Smartphones have built-incameras,GPS navigation, and support for various communication methods, including voice calls,text messaging, and internet-based messaging apps. Smartphones are distinguished from older-designfeature phones by their more advanced hardware capabilities and extensivemobile operating systems, access to theinternet, business applications,mobile payments, and multimedia functionality, including music, video,gaming,radio, andtelevision. (Full article...)

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Telephone counseling (also known astelephone therapy,telephone-based ortelephone-delivered psychological treatment) refers to the use of thetelephone to deliver any type of psychological treatment ortherapy (such ascognitive behavioral therapy) formental health difficulties (likedepression,anxiety). Telephone therapy can be as effective as traditional, face-to-face therapy. Along withonline therapy, it is a type oftelepsychology service. In telephone-based therapy, there is verbal communication, but nonon-verbal communication which is present in video calls, for example. (Full article...)

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Typical sign showing where top-ups can be made

Aprepaid mobile device, also known as apay-as-you-go (PAYG),pay-as-you-talk,pay and go,go-phone, orprepay, is a mobile device such as aphone for which credit is purchased in advance of service use. The purchased credit is used to pay for telecommunications services at the point the service is accessed or consumed. If there is no credit, then access is denied by thecellular network orIntelligent Network. Users can top up their credit at any time using a variety of payment mechanisms such as the pay-as-you-go (PAYG). In 2020, 155 countries had the mandatory SIM registration laws for the prepaid mobileSIM cards such as the mandatoryknow your customer (KYC) or other type oflegal identification verification at thepoint of sale to prevent the anonymous use of unregistered prepaid mobile which facilitates criminal or terrorist activities. Aburner phone is a prepaid phone number specifically purchased without theknow your customer (KYC) or other type oflegal identification verification at thepoint of sale with the purpose of using it briefly and then replacing it, thus making this phone more suitable for criminal use.

The alternative billing method (and what is commonly referred to as a mobile contract) is thepostpaid mobile phone, where a user enters into a long-term contract (lasting 12, 18, or 24 months) or short-term contract (also commonly referred to as a rolling contract or a 30-day contract) and billing arrangement with a mobile phone operator (mobile virtual network operator or mobile network operator). (Full article...)

List of phone types

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Example of a North American Off-hook tone

Listen to an off-hook tone from North America.

High Tone

Some central office switches in the United States, notably older GTD-5 EAX systems, utilize a single frequency tone, 480 Hz, known asHigh Tone for this purpose. Listen to an older 480Hz off-hook tone.

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Theoff-hook tone (alsooff-hook warning,howling tone, orhowler tone) is atelephony signal for alerting a user that thetelephone has been leftoff-hook without use for an extended period, effectively disabling thetelephone line. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various telephone-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Receiver schematic, c.1906 (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 2Mobile phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants. 2014 figure is estimated. (fromMobile phone)
Image 3A high-capacity portablebattery charger (power bank) (fromSmartphone)
Image 4Dupuis and Haug during a GSM meeting in Belgium, April 1992 (fromMobile phone)
Image 5A Germanrotary dial telephone, theW48 (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 61917 wall telephone, open to show magneto and local battery (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 7Two decades of evolution of mobile phones, from a 1992Motorola DynaTAC 8000X to the 2014iPhone 6 Plus (fromMobile phone)
Image 8TheHTC Desire, a 2010 smartphone withoptical trackpad and search button (fromSmartphone)
Image 9A text message (SMS) (fromMobile phone)
Image 10A 19th century acoustictin can or "lovers' telephone" (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 11Thomas Edison invented thecarbon microphone which produced a strong telephone signal. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 12Smartphone with infrared transmitter on top for use as remote control (fromSmartphone)
Image 13A smartphone touchscreen (fromSmartphone)
Image 14Mobile payment system. (fromSmartphone)
Image 15A FrenchGower telephone of 1912 at theMusée des Arts et Métiers in Paris (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 16Apple iPhonesmartphone (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 17Reis's telephone around 1861, first device called telephone (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 18Tivadar Puskás proposed thetelephone switchboard exchange in 1876. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 19A user consulting a mapping app on a phone (fromSmartphone)
Image 20Scrapped mobile phones (fromMobile phone)
Image 21TheSamsung Galaxy S24 Ultra has anartificial intelligence-powered feature (fromSmartphone)
Image 22Android smartphones (fromMobile phone)
Image 23TheMotorola DynaTAC 8000X. In 1983, it became the first commercially available handheld cellular mobile phone. (fromMobile phone)
Image 24ANew York City driver holding two phones (fromSmartphone)
Image 25Antonio Meucci, 1849, developing a voice-communication apparatus that several sources credit as the first telephone. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 26Inserted memory and SIM cards (fromSmartphone)
Image 27Top of cellular telephone tower (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 28A driver using two handheld mobile phones at once (fromMobile phone)
Image 29
Bell prototype telephone stamp
Centennial Issue of 1976
(fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 30Private conversation, 1910 (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 31People using phones while walking (fromMobile phone)
Image 32Optical track pad sensor of anHTC Legend, 2010. (fromSmartphone)
Image 33Historical marker commemorating the first telephone central office in New York State (1878) (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 34ANexus 6, anAndroid smartphone, displaying theMain Page of theEnglish Wikipedia (fromSmartphone)
Image 35Innocenzo Manzetti considered the idea of a telephone in 1844 (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 36Active mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (fromMobile phone)
Image 37Actor portrayingAlexander Graham Bell in a 1932 silent film. Shows Bell's second telephone transmitter (microphone), invented 1876 and first displayed at the Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 38The master telephone patent granted to Bell, 174465, March 7, 1876 (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 39Personal Handy-phone System mobiles and modems, 1997–2003 (fromMobile phone)
Image 40E-waste inAgbogbloshie (fromSmartphone)
Image 41A sign in the US restricting cell phone use to certain times of day (no cell phone use between 7:30–9:00 am and 2:00–4:15 pm) (fromMobile phone)
Image 42Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the invention of the telephone in 1876. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 43Elisha Gray, 1876, designed a telephone using awater microphone in Highland Park, Illinois. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 44Replica of thetelettrofono atMuseo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci ofMilan,Italy, invented byAntonio Meucci and credited by several sources as the first telephone. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 45Typical mobile phone mini-SIM card (fromMobile phone)
Image 46"Device options" menu of Samsung Mobile'sTouchWiz user interface as of 2013, accessed by holding the power button for a second (fromSmartphone)
Image 47Blackview A60 Andoid Go mobile phone smartphone cell phone showing the front-facing camera is put in notch display (fromSmartphone)
Image 481896 telephone (Sweden) (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 49Martin Cooper of Motorola, shown here in a 2007 reenactment, made the first publicized handheld mobile phone call on a prototype DynaTAC model on 3 April 1973. (fromMobile phone)
Image 50Philipp Reis, 1861, constructed the first telephone, today called theReis telephone. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 51Mobile payment system (fromMobile phone)
Image 52Tooltip in Kiwi Browser, aGoogle Chromium derivative, reveals the full URL by hovering over thetab list using the stylus on aSamsung Galaxy Note 4. (fromSmartphone)
Image 53Cellular networks work by only reusing radio frequencies (in this example frequencies f1–f4) in non adjacent cells to avoid interference (fromMobile phone)
Image 54A sign alongBellaire Boulevard inSouthside Place, Texas (Greater Houston) states that using mobile phones while driving is prohibited from 7:30 am to 9:00 am and from 2:00 pm to 4:15 pm. (fromSmartphone)

Selected biography

Innocenzo Vincenzo Bartolomeo Luigi Carlo Manzetti (Italian pronunciation:[innoˈtʃɛntsomanˈdzetti]; 17 March 1826 – 15 March 1877) was anItalian inventor born inAosta. Following his primary school studies he went to theJesuit-run Saint Bénin Boarding School and then on toTurin where he was awarded a diploma in land surveying before returning toAosta. (Full article...)

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Selected images

Image 1Emergency telephones, on the Paris-Bordeaux railway line, Saint-Saviol station, Vienne, France
Image 2Push-button telephone
Image 3Foldable smartphones
Image 4An Italiangettone telefonico (telephone token) from 1945, which was used in Italianphone booths
Image 5Acoustic telephone ad, The Consolidated Telephone Co., Jersey City, New Jersey, 1886
Image 6Mailbox and public telephone in Haßfurt, Germany
Image 7Acordless phone
Image 8A traditional North Americanrotary phone dial. The associative lettering was originally used for dialingnamed exchanges but was kept because it facilitated memorization of telephone numbers.
Image 9TheAUTOVON was a worldwide American military telephone system that was built starting in 1963.
Image 10Track-side emergency brake andemergency telephones at the platform of the metro stationAspern Nord,Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria
Image 11Landlinecall blocking in use
Image 12AWestern Electriccandlestick phone from the 1920s
Image 13Automatic electricRotary dial telephone
Image 14ABell Canadapayphone with digital display
Image 15A Funke + Huster telephone inside the Idrija Mine, Slovenia
Image 16Rotary dial telephone, probably from Belgium; the circuit diagram inside is in Dutch and French
Image 17A historictelephone booth in Skansen, Stockholm
Image 18Apolice box outsideEarl's Court tube station in London, built in 1996 and based on the 1929 Gilbert Mackenzie Trench design
Image 19AppleiPhones
Image 20A Northern Electric telephone, model number N415H, circa 1950 (probably)
Image 21Rotary dial telephone, probably from Belgium; the circuit diagram inside is in Dutch and French
Image 22Telephone booth box art outside the Tower of London, 2012
Image 23Public telephone, Bucharest, Romania
Image 24Photograph of the interior of thePrairie Grove Airlight Outdoor Telephone Booth in Prairie Grove, Arkansas, which is listed on theNational Register of Historic Places
Image 25Historical telephone with the German imperial eagle and the heraldic shield of the House of Hohenzollern dynasty; Vollmer's Mill, Seebach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Image 26Wooden wall telephone with a hand-crankedmagneto generator
Image 27An example of a K6, the most commonred telephone box model, photographed in London in 2012
Image 28Android smartphones

Topics

v t e Telephony
Types	Landline Cable telephony Mobile phone Satellite phone Photophone
Accessories	Answering machine Caller ID
Connectivity	Cable protection system Communications satellites Fibre-optical Free-space optical ISDN Mobile phone signal POTS PSTN Submarine cables VoIP
Calls	Missed call Misdialed call Nuisance call Phone tag
Applications	Fax transmission Telephone calls Telephone newspapers Théâtrophone Video calls
Telecommunication portalTelephones portal

Mobile phones

Mobile
networks,
protocols

Channel capacity Frequencies Multi-band Network operator list Roaming Signal SIM card dual SIM eSIM SIM lock Standards comparison Tethering VoIP WAP XHTML-MP
Generations	Analogue: 0G 1G Digital: 2G 3G adoption 3.5G 4G 4.5G 5G 6G

General
operation

Mobile
devices

Manufacturers 3D phone Camera phone Car phone Feature phone Projector phone Satellite phone Smartphone
Form factors	Bar Flip Phablet Slider Slate Smartwatch Fold
Smartphones	Android devices rooting BlackBerry 10 iPhone iOS jailbreaking Open-source mobile phones Symbian devices Windows Phone devices

Mobile
specific
software

Apps	Development Distribution Management Cloud computing
Commerce	Banking Marketing advertising campaigns Payments contactless donating Ticketing
Content	Blogging Email Gambling Gaming Health Instant messaging Learning Music News local Social address book Television

Culture

Environment
and health

Law

v t e Emergency telephone numbers
Emergency telephone Harmonised service of social value
000 (Australia) 102 (India) 106 (Australia) 108 (India) 110 (Iran, Japan, China) 111 (New Zealand) 112 (Europe and others, worldwideGSM mobile networks) 119 (parts of Asia and Jamaica) 120 (China) 122 (Austria, Egypt, and Bosnia and Herzegovina) 123 (Colombia, Egypt) 128 (Mercosur member states) 190 (Brazil) 911 (Iraq, North AmericaE-911 system,Philippines) 988 (North America Suicide & Crisis Lifeline) 999 (Bangladesh, UK and others) 1122 (Pakistan)
Telephones portal Telecommunication portal List article Category Wikimedia Commons

Cellular network standards

List of mobile phone generations

0G radio telephones (1946)

1G (1979)

AMPS family	AMPS - N-AMPS TACS - ETACS
Other	NMT C-450 Hicap Mobitex DataTAC CT1 RTMI

2G (1991)

GSM/3GPP family	GSM CSD - HSCSD
3GPP2 family	cdmaOne (IS-95)
AMPS family	D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)
Other	CDPD iDEN PDC PHS CT2

2G transitional
(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)

GSM/3GPP family	GPRS EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE
3GPP2 family	CDMA2000 1X (TIA/EIA/IS-2000) CDMA2000 1X Advanced
Other	WiDEN DECT

3G (1998)
IMT-2000 (2001)

3GPP family	UMTS UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA FOMA UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA
3GPP2 family	CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0 (TIA/IS-856)

3G transitional
(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)

3GPP family	HSPA HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+ DC-HSDPA LTE (E-UTRA)
3GPP2 family	CDMA20001xEV-DO Revision A (TIA/EIA/IS-856-A) EV-DO Revision B (TIA/EIA/IS-856-B) EV-DO Revision C
IEEE family	Mobile WiMAX IEEE 802.16e Flash-OFDM iBurst (IEEE 802.20) WiBro
ETSI family	HiperMAN