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Members of the Academy in 1667 with Louis XIV

Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testablehypotheses andpredictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into two – or three – major branches: thenatural sciences, which study thephysical world, and thesocial sciences, which study individuals and societies. While referred to as theformal sciences, the study oflogic,mathematics, andtheoretical computer science are typically regarded as separate because they rely ondeductive reasoning instead of thescientific method as their main methodology. Meanwhile,applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine. (Full article...)

Outline of science

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Featured articles are displayed here, which represent some of the best content on English Wikipedia.

Image 1

An adult inBiałowieża,Poland

Thewhite stork (Ciconia ciconia) is a largebird in thestork family, Ciconiidae. Itsplumage is mainly white, with black on the bird's wings. Adults have long red legs and long pointed red beaks, and measure on average 100–115 cm (39–45 in) from beak tip to end of tail, with a 155–215 cm (61–85 in) wingspan. The twosubspecies, which differ slightly in size, breed in Europe north toFinland, northwestern Africa,Palearctic east to southernKazakhstan and southern Africa. The white stork is a long-distancemigrant, wintering in Africa from tropicalSub-Saharan Africa to as far south asSouth Africa, or on theIndian subcontinent. When migrating between Europe and Africa, it avoids crossing theMediterranean Sea and detours via theLevant in the east or theStrait of Gibraltar in the west, because the airthermals on which it depends for soaring do not form over water. (Full article...)
Image 2

Nevados de Putre, Taapaca volcano (right)

Taapaca is aHolocene volcanic complex in northernChile'sArica y Parinacota Region. Located in the ChileanAndes, it is part of theCentral Volcanic Zone of theAndean Volcanic Belt, one of four distinct volcanic chains in South America. The town ofPutre lies at the southwestern foot of the volcano. (Full article...)
Image 3

Thomasomys ucucha, also known as theucucha thomasomys, is arodent in the genusThomasomys of the familyCricetidae. It is known only fromhigh altitude forest and grassland habitats in theCordillera Oriental ofEcuador. Seven other species ofThomasomys live in the same areas. First collected in 1903,T. ucucha wasformally described as a new species in 2003 and most closely resemblesT. hylophilus, which occurs further to the north. The species is listed as "vulnerable" in theIUCN Red List as a result ofhabitat destruction. (Full article...)
Image 4

Location of Offham Hill

Offham Hill is acausewayed enclosure nearLewes, East Sussex, England. Causewayed enclosures were built in England from shortly before 3700 BC until about 3300 BC; they are characterized by the full or partial enclosure of an area with ditches that are interrupted by gaps, or causeways. Their purpose is not known; they may have been settlements, meeting places, or ritual sites. The site was identified as a possible causewayed enclosure in 1964 by a member of theSussex Archaeological Society. TheOrdnance Survey inspected the site in 1972 and recommended an excavation, which was carried out in 1976 byPeter Drewett. (Full article...)
Image 5

Specimen SNHM1284-R inState Natural History Museum, Braunschweig

Acamptonectes is agenus ofophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs, a type of dolphin-likemarine reptiles, that lived during theEarly Cretaceous around 130 million years ago. The first specimen, a partial adult skeleton, was discovered inSpeeton, England, in 1958, but was not formally described until 2012 by Valentin Fischer and colleagues. They also recognised a partialsubadult skeleton belonging to the genus fromCremlingen, Germany, and specimens from other localities in England. The genus contains the singlespeciesAcamptonectes densus; the generic name means "rigid swimmer" and the specific name means "compact" or "tightly packed". (Full article...)
Image 6
TheEgyptian dogAbuwtiyuw, also transcribed asAbutiu (died before 2280 BC), was one of the earliest documented domestic animals whose name is known. He is believed to have been a royal guard dog who lived in theSixth Dynasty (2345–2181 BC), and received an elaborate ceremonial burial in theGiza Necropolis at the behest of a pharaoh whose name is unknown. (Full article...)
Image 7

TheBrown Dog affair was a political controversy aboutvivisection that raged in Britain from 1903 until 1910. It involved the infiltration ofUniversity of London medical lectures by Swedishfeminists, battles between medical students and the police, police protection for the statue of a dog, a libel trial at theRoyal Courts of Justice, and the establishment of aRoyal Commission to investigate the use of animals in experiments. The affair became acause célèbre that divided the country. (Full article...)
Image 8

Noetherc. 1900–1910

Amalie Emmy Noether (23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was a German mathematician who made many important contributions toabstract algebra. She also provedNoether's first andsecond theorems, which are fundamental inmathematical physics. Noether was described byPavel Alexandrov,Albert Einstein,Jean Dieudonné,Hermann Weyl, andNorbert Wiener as the most importantwoman in the history of mathematics. As one of the leading mathematicians of her time, she developed theories ofrings,fields, andalgebras. In physics,Noether's theorem explains the connection betweensymmetry andconservation laws. (Full article...)
Image 9

NominateT. v. viscivorus inCardiff, Wales

Themistle thrush (Turdus viscivorus) is a bird common to much ofEurope,temperate Asia andNorth Africa. It is a year-round resident in a large part of its range, but northern and eastern populationsmigrate south for the winter, often in small flocks. It is a largethrush with pale grey-brown upper parts, a greyish-white chin and throat, and black spots on its pale yellow and off-white under parts. The sexes are similar inplumage, and its threesubspecies show only minimal differences. The male has a loud, far-carrying song which is delivered even in wet and windy weather, earning the bird the old name ofstormcock. Historically, the name was also sometimes spelled "missel thrush". (Full article...)
Image 10

Tricholoma pardinum,commonly known asspotted tricholoma,tiger tricholoma,tigertop,leopard knight, ordirty trich, is a species ofgilled mushroom. First officially described byChristiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1801, it has had a confusingtaxonomic history that extends over two centuries. In 1762, German naturalistJacob Christian Schäffer described the speciesAgaricus tigrinus with an illustration corresponding to what is thought to beT. pardinum, and consequently, the nameTricholoma tigrinum has been used erroneously in some European field guides. (Full article...)
Image 11

The northern half of the MEVC as seen from the southern end of theBig Raven Plateau.Coffee Crater is at left centre whereasIce Peak andMount Edziza itself are at upper right centre and at upper centre, respectively.

TheMount Edziza volcanic complex (/ədˈzaɪzə/əd-ZY-zə; abbreviatedMEVC) is a group ofvolcanoes and associatedlava flows in northwesternBritish Columbia, Canada. Located on theTahltan Highland, it is 40 kilometres (25 miles) southeast ofTelegraph Creek and 85 km (53 mi) southwest ofDease Lake. The complex encompasses a broad, steep-sidedlava plateau that extends over 1,000 km² (390 sq mi). Its highestsummit is 2,786 metres (9,140 feet) inelevation, making the MEVC the highest of four large complexes in an extensive north–south trending volcanic region. It is obscured by anice cap characterized by severaloutlet glaciers that stretch out to lower altitudes. (Full article...)
Image 12

Thesmooth toadfish (Tetractenos glaber) is a species of fish in the pufferfish familyTetraodontidae. It is native to shallow coastal and estuarine waters of southeastern Australia, where it is widespread and abundant. French naturalistChristophe-Paulin de La Poix de Fréminville described the species in 1813, though early records confused it with its close relative, thecommon toadfish (T. hamiltonii). The two are the only members of the genusTetractenos after going through severaltaxonomic changes since discovery. (Full article...)
Image 13
Triangulum is a smallconstellation in the northern sky. Its name isLatin for "triangle", derived from its three brightest stars, which form a long and narrow triangle. Known to the ancient Babylonians and Greeks, Triangulum was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomerPtolemy. The celestial cartographersJohann Bayer andJohn Flamsteed catalogued the constellation's stars, giving six of themBayer designations. (Full article...)
Image 14

Hypothetical 1907life reconstruction byJohn Gerrard Keulemans, based onJacques Bouton [pt]'s description

TheMartinique macaw ororange-bellied macaw (Ara martinica) is ahypothetical extinct species ofmacaw which may have lived on theLesser Antillean island ofMartinique, in the easternCaribbean Sea. It wasscientifically described byWalter Rothschild in 1905, based on a 1630s description of blue and orange-yellow macaws byJacques Bouton [pt]. No other evidence of its existence is known, but it may have been depicted in a 1626 painting. Some writers have suggested that the birds observed were actuallyblue-and-yellow macaws (Ara ararauna). The red-tailed blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara erythrura), another species named by Rothschild in 1907 based on a 1658 account, may be identical to the Martinique macaw, if either ever existed. (Full article...)
Image 15

Male at theCincinnati Zoo

TheAndean condor (Vultur gryphus) is a South AmericanNew World vulture and is the only extant member of thegenusVultur. It is found in theAndes mountains and adjacent Pacific coasts of western South America. With a maximum wingspan of 3.3 m (10 ft 10 in) and weight of 15 kg (33 lb), the Andean condor is one of the largest flying birds in the world, and is generally considered to be the largestbird of prey in the world. (Full article...)

More featured articles

Featured pictures

Featured pictures about Science.

Image 1Rusty chain, byWikipedianMarlith (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 2NASA study on wingtip vortices atWake turbulence, byLangley Research Center (edited byFir0002) (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 3Lorentz transformation of world line, byCyp (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 4Total internal reflection, byJean-Marc Kuffer (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 5Nobel Prize in Physics diploma, bySofia Gisberg (restored byJebulon) (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 6Diet Coke and Mentos eruption, byMikemurphy (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 7Thermite reaction, byNikthestunned (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 8Toroid magnets of theATLAS detector, by Maximilien Brice,CERN (edited byBammesk) (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 9Fastbreeder reactor, byGraevemoore (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 10Light dispersion, byLucasVB (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 11Oblique shock, byNASA/United States Air Force (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 12Translational motion atThermodynamic temperature, byGreg L (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 13Holdridge life zones, byPeter Halasz (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 14Simulation of liquids with differentviscosities, bySynapticrelay (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 15Activation energy, byDebivort (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 16Animation of a waterdrop, byChris 73 andGmaxwell (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 17Dichroic prism, byXRay (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 18Plasma globe, byColin (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 19Archaeological excavation atAtapuerca Mountains, byMario modesto (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 20Ice core, by theGreenland Ice Sheet Project (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 21Projectile motion of a bouncing ball atInelastic collision, byMichaelMaggs (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 22Hypervelocity impact demonstration, byNASA (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 23Warming stripes, byEd Hawkins (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 24Section of theLarge Hadron Collider, by Maximilien Brice (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 25Wind wave, byAlvesgaspar (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 26Peruvian Andes atUnited States Exploring Expedition, byAlfred Thomas Agate (edited byDurova) (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 27Kármán vortex street, byCesareo de La Rosa Siqueira (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 28Vibrating glass beam atEuler–Bernoulli beam theory, byBen pcc (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 29Drop impact on a liquid surface, byJosé Manuel Suárez (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 30Global oceanic and terrestrial photoautotroph abundance atPrimary production, bySeaWiFS Project (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 31Operation Tumbler-Snapper, byLawrence Livermore National Laboratory (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 32Mechanical advantage device, byProlineserver (edited byTomia,Ss181292 andAtropos235) (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
$Image 33Refraction in raindrops, by Mila Zinkova (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)$
Image 33Refraction in raindrops, byMila Zinkova (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 34Colorcathodoluminescence of a diamond, byPavel.Somov (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 35Parallax, byMila Zinkova (edited byRichard Bartz) (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 36Australian Synchrotron, byJohn O'Neill (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 37Archaeologists prospecting Santa Ana Cave atExcavation (archaeology), byMario modesto (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)

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Vital articles

Vital articles to understand Science.

The expansion of the universe according to theBig Bang theory in physics

Physics is thescientific study ofmatter, itsfundamental constituents, itsmotion and behavior throughspace andtime, and the related entities ofenergy andforce. It is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines. A scientist who specializes in the field of physics is called aphysicist. (Full article...)

Did you know...

Did you know it about Science?

... thatpolitical philosophers focus on desirable norms, whilepolitical scientists concentrate on empirical descriptions?
... that authorPaul Corey built a door featured inPopular Science that both people and pets could open?
... that the science-fiction video gameThe Anacrusis is named aftera musical term?
... that physicistSabine Hossenfelder's bookExistential Physics discusses whetherfree will, themultiverse, theexistence of God, and themeaning of life are topics that science can answer?
... that by 2010Yi Kŭmch'ŏl had written approximately one-fifth of all North Korean science fiction literature?
... thatCharlie Jane Anders wrotepreferred pronouns into her science fiction novelVictories Greater Than Death because she thought that alien gender would be unclear to humans?

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Integrate relatively new scientific knowledge and findings (major studies reported on by RS) into relevant articles
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