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The Punjab Portal Introduction_with_cities.png) Punjab (/pʌnˈdʒɑːb/pun-JAHB;Punjabi:Panjāb,pronounced[pəɲˈd͡ʒaːb]ⓘ) is ageographical,ethnolinguistic, andhistorical region inSouth Asia, located in itsnorthwestern part, comprising areas of modern-dayPakistan andnorthwesternIndia. It is primarily inhabited by thePunjabi people.Lahore is its largest city and historic capital, with other major cities includingFaisalabad,Rawalpindi,Gujranwala,Multan,Sialkot,Sargodha, andBahawalpur in Pakistan; alongsideLudhiana,Amritsar,Chandigarh,Jalandhar,Patiala,Mohali,Bathinda,Firozpur, andFazilka in India. Punjab grew out of the settlements along the five rivers, which served as an important route to theNear East as early as the ancientIndus Valley civilization, dating back to 3000 BCE, followed bymigrations of theIndo-Aryan peoples. Agriculture has been the chief economic feature of the Punjab and formed the foundation ofPunjabi culture. The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following theGreen Revolution during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, and has been described as the "breadbasket of both India and Pakistan." FollowingAlexander the Great's invasion in the 4th century BCE,Chandragupta Maurya allied with Punjabi republics to establish theMaurya Empire. Successive reigns of theIndo-Greek Kingdom,Kushan Empire, andIndo-Scythians followed, but were ultimately defeated by Eastern PunjabJanapadas such as theYaudheya,Trigarta Kingdom,Audumbaras,Arjunayanas, andKuninda Kingdom. In the 5th and 6th centuries CE, Punjab faced devastating Hunnic invasions, yet theVardhana dynasty emerged triumphant, ruling overNorthern India. The 8th century CE witnessed theHindu Shahis rise, known for defeating thePersianateSaffarid dynasty and theSamanid Empire. Concurrently, theTomara dynasty andKatoch Dynasty controlled eastern Punjab, resistingGhaznavid invasions.Islam took hold in Western Punjab under Ghaznavid rule. The Delhi Sultanate then succeeded the Ghaznavids in which theTughlaq dynasty andSayyid dynastySultans are described as Punjabi origin. The 15th century saw the emergence of theLangah Sultanate in south Punjab, acclaimed for its victory over theLodi dynasty. After theMughal Empire's decline in the 18th century, Punjab experienced a period of anarchy. 12Sikh Misls along with Muslim Chattha,Sial,Tarar, Chisti andGakhar States fought for political ascendancy. In 1799 CE, theSikh Empire established its rule, undertaking conquests into theKashmir- andDurrani Empire-held territories. The boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts and thus the geographical definition of the term "Punjab" has changed over time. In the 16th centuryMughal Empire the Punjab region was divided into three, with theLahore Subah in the west, the DelhiSubah in the east and theMultan Subah in the south. Under theBritish Raj until thePartition of India in 1947, thePunjab Province encompassed the present Indianstates and union territories ofPunjab,Haryana,Himachal Pradesh,Chandigarh, andDelhi, and thePakistani regions ofPunjab, andIslamabad Capital Territory. The predominantethnolinguistic group of the Punjab region are thePunjabi people, who speak theIndo-AryanPunjabi language.Punjabi Muslims are the majority inWest Punjab (Pakistan), whilePunjabi Sikhs are the majority inEast Punjab (India). Other religious groups includeHinduism,Christianity,Jainism,Zoroastrianism,Buddhism, andRavidassia. (Full article...) Selected article -show anotherPunjabi cuisine is aculinary style originating in thePunjab, a region inSouth Asia, which is now divided into anIndian part to the east and aPakistani part to the west. This cuisine has a rich tradition of many distinct and local ways of cooking. (Full article...) General images
Selected biography -show another Salam in 1987 Mohammad Abdus Salam (/sæˈlæm/;pronounced[əbd̪ʊssəlaːm]; 29 January 1926 – 21 November 1996) was a Pakistanitheoretical physicist. He shared the 1979Nobel Prize in Physics withSteven Weinberg andSheldon Glashow "for their contributions to the theory of theunified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of theweak neutral current". He was the first Pakistani, first Muslim scientist, and second person from any Muslim country (afterAnwar Sadat ofEgypt) to win aNobel Prize. Salam was scientific advisor to theMinistry of Science and Technology in Pakistan from 1960 to 1974, a position from which he played a major and influential role in the development of the country's science infrastructure. Salam contributed to numerous developments in theoretical and particle physics in Pakistan. He was the founding director of theSpace and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), and responsible for the establishment of theTheoretical Physics Group (TPG). For this, he is viewed as the "scientific father" of this program. In 1974, Abdus Salam departed from his country in protest after theParliament of Pakistan unanimously passed aparliamentary bill declaring members of theAhmadiyya Muslim community, to which Salam belonged, non-Muslim. (Full article...) Selected picture -show another Alexander and Porus by Charles Le Brun, painted 1673. Credit: Charles Le Brun Some topics
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1799-1849 definition:Chandigarh -Delhi -Eastern Punjab state -Federally Administered Tribal Areas -Galgit -Haryana -Himachal Pradesh -Islamabad Capital Territory -Jammu -Kashmir -Khyber Pass -Khyber Pakhtunkhwa -Ladakh -Western Punjab province 1947 definition:Chandigarh -Delhi -Eastern Punjab state -Haryana -Himachal Pradesh -Islamabad Capital Territory -Western Punjab province Present definition:Chandigarh -Eastern Punjab state -Western Punjab province Major cities:Amritsar -Bathinda -Chandigarh -Faisalabad -Lahore -Ludhiana -Multan -Patiala -Sialkot Related portalsNotice boardWikiProject Punjab WikiProject Punjab was formed to foster better articles on the region ofPunjab with a spirit of cooperation. The project is a home base that provides a place for Wikipedians (editors) to discuss issues, while share information and resources regarding improvements to Punjabi related articles, which can be discussed at the project'stalk page. To join WikiProject Punjab (anyone may join), simply list your username onthe members page. Editors are also encouraged to participate in the more regional and/or topic specific WikiProject 's as listed below. Associated WikimediaThe followingWikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject:
Wikipedia in Punjabi
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