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Introduction

The traditional "Jolly Roger" flag of piracy

Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and valuable goods, or takinghostages. Those who conduct acts of piracy are calledpirates, and vessels used for piracy are calledpirate ships. The earliest documented instances of piracy were in the 14th century BC, when theSea Peoples, a group of ocean raiders, attacked the ships of theAegean andMediterranean civilisations. Narrow channels which funnel shipping into predictable routes have long created opportunities for piracy, as well as forprivateering andcommerce raiding.

Historic examples of such areas include the waters ofGibraltar, theStrait of Malacca,Madagascar, theGulf of Aden, and theEnglish Channel, whose geographic structures facilitated pirate attacks. The termpiracy generally refers to maritime piracy, although the term has been generalized to refer to acts committed on land, in the air, oncomputer networks, and (in science fiction) outer space. Piracy usually excludes crimes committed by the perpetrator on their own vessel (e.g. theft), as well asprivateering, which impliesauthorization by a state government.

Piracy or pirating is the name of a specific crime undercustomary international law and also the name of a number of crimes under the municipal law of a number of states.In the 21st century, seaborne piracy against transport vessels remains a significant issue, with estimated worldwide losses of US$25 billion in 2023, increased from US$16 billion in 2004. (Full article...)

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Benjamin Hornigold (c. 1680–1719)^{[verification needed]} was anEnglish pirate towards the end of theGolden Age of Piracy.

Born in England in the late 17th century, Hornigold began his pirate career in 1713, attacking merchant ships in theBahamas. He helped to establish the "Republic of Pirates" inNassau and by 1717 was the captain of one of the most heavily armed ships in the region, called theRanger. It was at this time he appointedEdward Teach, best known in history books as "Blackbeard", as his second-in-command. Mindful not to attack British-led ships during his career, his crew eventually grew tired of the tactic and Hornigold was voted out as captain. In December 1718, Hornigold accepted aKing's Pardon for his crimes and became a pirate hunter, pursuing his former allies on behalf of the Governor of the Bahamas,Woodes Rogers. He was killed when his ship was wrecked on a reef nearNew Spain during the hurricane season of 1719. (Full article...)

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Map of all the countries involved, includingNATO countries (Cyan), Non-NATO countries (Dark Blue), and Somalia (Red), where the majority of pirates were from

Operation Ocean Shield wasNATO's anti-Piracy in Somalia initiative in theIndian Ocean,Guardafui Channel,Gulf of Aden andArabian Sea. It follows the earlierOperation Allied Protector. Naval operations began on 17 August 2009 after being approved by theNorth Atlantic Council, and were terminated on 15 December 2016 by NATO. Operation Ocean Shield focused on protecting the ships ofOperation Allied Provider [de;no;ru;uk], which transported relief supplies as part of theWorld Food Programme's mission in the region. The initiative also helped strengthen the navies and coast guards of regional states to assist in counteringpirate attacks. Notably, theItalian Military Support Base in Djibouti contributed, utilizing naval vessels such as theItalian Francesco Mimbelli andSan Marco in theGulf of Aden,Indian Ocean, and off the coast ofSomalia. Additionally,|China,Japan, andSouth Korea sentwarships to participate in these activities.

TheUnited States Navy was the largest contributor of ships, followed by theIndian Navy. The taskforce was composed of ships from the contributing navies, led by a designated leadship. The role of leadship was rotated among the various countries involved. (Full article...)

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Did you know?

... that a Dutch publisher pirated the first four volumes ofMemoirs and Adventures of a Man of Quality, then hired the author to write more?
... thata 1526 pirate raid might have inspired a Maltese ballad about a bride being abducted from her wedding?
... thatPixel Piracy's developers released a freetorrent of their game?
... that since 1904 theGasparilla Pirate Festival inTampa, Florida, has featured a pirate-themed parade?
... thata search engine for pirated books has been used to trainlarge language models?
... that North Korea thanked the United States for helping its sailorsdefeat a group of pirates?

... that, while it is unknown if pirates actually keptparrots as pets, it is thought that at least some captains kept cats aboard to keep populations of rats and other vermin down?
... that in 2011, pirateswere reported as raiding along theDanube River in the center ofEurope?
... that redJolly Roger flags were the most feared of all; all prayed they never encountered the "Bloody Red," which boldly declared that no mercy would be shown and all victims would be killed?

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Selected quotations

“

I am sorry to see you here Jack, but if you had fought like a man, you need not be hanged like a dog.

”

— Anne Bonny

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General images

The following are images from various piracy-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1British captain witnessing the miseries of Christian slaves in Algiers, 1815 (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 2Mural representing the attack ofCharles Windon toSan Sebastián de La Gomera (1743) (fromPiracy)
Image 3The Barbary corsairs frequently attacked Corsica, resulting in manyGenoese towers being erected. (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 4International Maritime Organization (IMO) conference on capacity-building to counter piracy in the Indian Ocean (fromPiracy)
Image 5A contemporary flyer depicting thepublic execution of 16th-century pirateKlein Henszlein and his crew in 1573 (fromPiracy)
Image 6Sixteenth centuryJapanese pirate raids (fromPiracy)
Image 7A French Ship and Barbary Pirates byAert Anthonisz,c. 1615 (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 8Capture of the Pirate Blackbeard, 1718 depicting the battle betweenBlackbeard andRobert Maynard in Ocracoke Bay; romanticized depiction byJean Leon Gerome Ferris from 1920 (fromPiracy)
Image 9A man from the Barbary states (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 10Conquest ofTunis byCharles V and liberation of Christiangalley slaves in 1535 (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 11Map ofDalmatia in 1715 byGuillaume Delisle (fromAlbanian piracy)
Image 12A private guard escort on a merchant ship providing security services againstpiracy in the Indian Ocean (fromPiracy)
Image 13U.S. naval officerStephen Decatur boarding a Tripolitan gunboat during theFirst Barbary War, 1804 (fromPiracy)
Image 14Extent of pirate attacks on shipping vessels in the Indian Ocean between 2005 and 2010. (fromPiracy off the coast of Somalia)
Image 15Bartholomew Roberts was the pirate with most captures during the Golden Age of Piracy. He is now known for hanging the governor ofMartinique from the yardarm of his ship. (fromPiracy)
Image 16Amosaic of aRoman trireme in Tunisia (fromPiracy)
Image 17Barbary pirates were involved in theBarbary slave trade in North Africa (fromPiracy)
Image 18Lieve Pietersz Verschuier,Dutch ships bomb Tripoli in a punitive expedition against the Barbary pirates,c. 1670 (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 19Map ofVlorë in 1573 by Simon Pinargenti (fromAlbanian piracy)
Image 20A pirateskiff inBaltiysk, Russia — captured by the Russian Navy (fromPiracy off the coast of Somalia)
Image 21BritishRoyal Navy Commodore gives a presentation on piracy at the MAST 2008 conference (fromPiracy)
Image 22Armed pirates in the Indian Ocean nearSomalia. After the picture was taken, the vessel's crew members opened fire onU.S. Navy ships and the ship's crew members returned fire. One suspected pirate was killed and 12 were taken into custody (seeengaged pirate vessels). (fromPiracy off the coast of Somalia)
Image 23Aerial photograph of theNiger Delta, a center of piracy (fromPiracy)
Image 24Pirates attacking a French ship (fromAlbanian piracy)
Image 25Painting from 1772 depicting British and French sailors at battle with Dulcignottes (Ulcinj pirates). These pirates were defeated on 5 September 1772. (fromAlbanian piracy)
Image 26MARCOS commando units of the Indian Navy intervening on a pirate-flagged vessel as a part ofOperation Sankalp (fromPiracy off the coast of Somalia)
Image 27Puerto del Príncipe being sacked in 1668 by Henry Morgan (fromPiracy)
Image 28Map showing the extent of Somali pirate attacks on shipping vessels between 2005 and 2010 (fromPiracy)
Image 291890 illustration byRafael Monleón of a late 18th-centuryIranunlanong warship. TheMalay word for "pirate",lanun, originates from anexonym of the Iranun people (fromPiracy)
Image 30Map ofDurrës in 1573 by Simon Pinargenti (fromAlbanian piracy)
Image 31A 19th-century illustration of anIranun pirate (fromPiracy)
Image 32The cemetery of past pirates at Île Ste-Marie (St. Mary's Island) (fromPiracy)
Image 33Amaro Pargo was one of the most famous corsairs of theGolden Age of Piracy (fromPiracy)
Image 34Cossacks of Azov fighting a Turk ship byGrigory Gagarin (fromPiracy)
Image 35A fleet ofVikings, painted mid-12th century (fromPiracy)
Image 36Battle of Preveza, 1538 (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 37A person costumed in the character of captainJack Sparrow,Johnny Depp's lead role in thePirates of the Caribbean film series (fromPiracy)
Image 38An Algerine pirate ship (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 39A French ship under attack by Barbary pirates, ca. 1615 (fromPiracy)
Image 40A collage of Somali pirates armed withAKM assault rifles,RPG-7 rocket-propelled grenade launchers andsemi-automatic pistols in 2008 (fromPiracy)
Image 41Map ofTripoli in 1561 (fromAlbanian piracy)
Image 42Incidents of pipeline vandalism by pirates in theGulf of Guinea, 2002–2011 (fromPiracy)
Image 43A fight between Filipino pirates, Bugis trading ship, and Dutch mariners. (fromPiracy)
Image 44CaptainWilliam Bainbridge paying tribute to theDey of Algiers, c. 1800 (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 45TheBombardment of Algiers by the Anglo-Dutch fleet in 1816 to support the ultimatum to release European slaves (fromPiracy)
Image 46Dan Seavey was a pirate on theGreat Lakes in the early 20th century. (fromPiracy)
Image 47The work of theMercedarians was in ransoming Christian slaves held in Muslim hands,Histoire de Barbarie et de ses Corsaires, 1637 (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 48Photomontage of Somali pirates on theMVFaina (fromPiracy off the coast of Somalia)
Image 49The traditional "Jolly Roger" flag of piracy (fromPiracy)
Image 50Pirate treasure looted bySamuel Bellamy and recovered from the wreck of theWhydah; exhibit at theHouston Museum of Natural Science, 2010 (fromPiracy)
Image 51Barbaria byJan Janssonius, shows the coast of North Africa, an area known in the 17th century as Barbaria, c. 1650 (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 52A Barbary pirate,Pier Francesco Mola, 1650 (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 53Baluarte Watchtower,La Union. A 400-year-old Spanish-era structure built to guard against pirates, later used inWorld War II as a communication tower for theUSAFIP-NL airfield. (fromPiracy)
Image 54Born to a noble family inPuerto Rico,Roberto Cofresí was the last notably successful pirate in the Caribbean. (fromPiracy)
Image 55Bartholomew Roberts' crew carousing at theCalabar River; illustration fromThe Pirates Own Book (1837). Roberts is estimated to have captured over 470 vessels. (fromPiracy)
Image 56Hanging ofCaptain Kidd; illustration fromThe Pirates Own Book (1837) (fromPiracy)
Image 57SuspectedSomali pirates keep their hands in the air (fromPiracy)
Image 58Map ofUlcinj in 1573 by Simon Pinargenti (fromAlbanian piracy)
Image 59The Vitalienbrüder. Piracy became endemic in theBaltic Sea in theMiddle Ages because of theVictual Brothers. (fromPiracy)
Image 60The Prisoner byJean Lecomte du Nouÿ afterJean-Léon Gérôme,c.1871 (fromAlbanian piracy)
Image 61The crew of the merchant vesselFaina stand on the deck after a U.S. Navy request to check on their health and welfare. The Belize-flagged cargo ship owned and operated by Kaalbye Shipping, Ukraine, was seized by pirates 25 September 2008 and forced to proceed to anchorage off the Somali coast. The ship was carrying a cargo of UkrainianT-72 tanks and related military equipment. (fromPiracy off the coast of Somalia)
Image 62Modern reconstruction of skull alleged to have belonged to 14th century pirateKlaus Störtebeker. He was the leader of the privateer guildVictual Brothers, who later turned to piracy and roamed European seas. (fromPiracy)
Image 63Henry Every is shown selling his loot in this engraving by Howard Pyle. Every's capture of the Grand Mughal shipGanj-i-Sawai in 1695 stands as one of the most profitable pirate raids ever perpetrated. (fromPiracy)
Image 64Map ofShkodër with theBuna river in 1571 by Giovanni Francesco Camocio (fromAlbanian piracy)
Image 65Views of Ulcinj in 1718 bz H. C. Bröckell (fromAlbanian piracy)
Image 66Currimao Watchtower,Ilocos Norte. 'Currimao' comes from theIloco termcumaws (pirates) and the Spanish wordcorrer (to run), reflecting the warnings given by watchmen during pirate attacks. (fromPiracy)
Image 67Somalia'scoral reefs, ecological parks and protected areas (fromPiracy off the coast of Somalia)
Image 68Jacques de Sores looting and burning Havana in 1555 (fromPiracy)
Image 69Four Chinese pirates who were hanged in Hong Kong in 1863 (fromPiracy)
Image 70Kent battlingConfiance, a privateer vessel commanded by French corsairRobert Surcouf in October 1800, as depicted in a painting byGarneray (fromPiracy)
Image 71A Sea Fight with Barbary Corsairs byLaureys a Castro,c. 1681 (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 72Blackbeard's severed head hanging from Maynard's bowsprit; illustration fromThe Pirates Own Book (1837) (fromPiracy)
Image 73A merchant seaman aboard a fleet oil tanker practices target shooting with aRemington 870 12 gauge shotgun as part of training to repelpirates in the Strait of Malacca, 1984 (fromPiracy)
Image 74Battle of a French ship of the line and two galleys of the Barbary corsairs (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 75Slave market inAlgiers,Ottoman Algeria, 1684 (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 76Henry Morgan who sacked and burned the city ofPanama in 1671 – the second most important city in the Spanish New World at the time; engraving from 1681 Spanish edition ofAlexandre Exquemelin'sThe Buccaneers of America (fromPiracy)
Image 77Double-barrelledlantaka cannons,kalasag shields, armor, and various swords (includingkalis,panabas, andkampilan) used byMoro pirates in the Philippines (c. 1900) (fromPiracy)
Image 78"Mic the Scallywag" of the Pirates of Emerson Haunted Adventure Fremont, California (fromPiracy)
Image 79Coat of arms of the town ofAlmuñécar, granted by KingCharles V in 1526, showing the turbaned heads of three Barbary pirates floating in the sea (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 80An action between an English ship and vessels of the Barbary Corsairs (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 81Bombardment of Algiers by Lord Exmouth in August 1816,Thomas Luny (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 82Time series of maritime traffic crossing the Indian Ocean showing the effect of piracy and its progressive decline in re-routing ships. Each sub-plot shows 6-month colour-coded trips, red southbound and green northbound, using Long Range Identification and Tracking(LRIT) historical data. Operational authorities requested an increase of LRIT reporting frequency from ships in 2009 and 2010 in order to better track them remotely in theHigh Risk Area. The increase of tracking points can be erroneously perceived as an apparently higher volume of traffic with respect to other periods. (fromPiracy off the coast of Somalia)
Image 83Anti piracy operations by Indian Navy'sINS Tabar, in the Gulf of Aden on 18 November 2008 (fromPiracy off the coast of Somalia)
Image 84French bombardment of Algiers by AdmiralDupperé, 13 June 1830 (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 85Castle of Ulcinj in the 1890s (fromAlbanian piracy)
Image 86TheMonument of the Four Moors byPietro Tacca; Livorno, Italy (fromBarbary corsairs)
Image 87Iban warprahu in Skerang river (fromPiracy)
Image 881724 engraving of Bonny fromA General History of the Pyrates (fromPiracy)
Image 89An LRADsound cannon mounted onRMS Queen Mary 2 (fromPiracy)
Image 90Spanish warships bombarding theMoro Pirates of the southern Philippines in 1848 (fromPiracy)

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skull over crossbones, with hourglass — Flag of Emanuel Wynn

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Piracy

Piracy by body of water

Pirate customs and traditions

Pirate dens and locations

Jolly Rogers

Pirates in popular culture

Privateering

Pirate ships

Spanish relations with the Barbary Coast

Pirate treasure

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Topics

Piracy

Periods

Types of pirate

Areas

Atlantic World	Caribbean British Virgin Islands Spanish Main Lake Nicaragua Venezuela Gulf of Guinea
Indian Ocean	Horn of Africa Somali Coast Indonesia Persian Gulf Strait of Malacca Nosy Boraha Pirate Round
Other waters	Baltic Slavic piracy Barbary Coast Falcon Lake South China Coast Sulu Sea
Pirate havens and bases	Regency of Algiers Barataria Bay Flying Gang Île Sainte-Marie Libertalia Long Ya Men Lundy Maritime Hospitaller bases: Malta Rhodes Tripoli in the New World Mahdia Mamora Port Royal Republic of Salé Saint Augustin Saint-Malo Tortuga

Major figures

Pirates

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Pirate battles and incidents

Piracy law

Acts of grace (1717–1718 Acts of Grace)

International piracy law

Letter of marque

Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law

Piracy Act (1536,1698,1717,1721,1837,1850)

Piracy Law of 1820

Slave trade

Pirates in
popular
culture

Fictional pirates	Askeladd Tom Ayrton Barbe Rouge Brook Captain Birdseye Captain Blood Captain Crook Captain Flint Captain Hook Captain Nemo Captain Pugwash Captain Sabertooth Captain Stingaree Charlotte de Berry Davy Jones Edward Kenway Elaine Marley Elizabeth Swann Franky Guybrush Threepwood Hector Barbossa Jack Sparrow Jacquotte Delahaye José Gaspar Joshamee Gibbs Long John Silver Monkey D. Luffy Vaas Montenegro Mr. Smee Nami Nico Robin Roronoa Zoro Sandokan Sanji Tony Tony Chopper Usopp Will Turner Yellowbeard Zanzibar
Novels	The Pirate The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea Treasure Island Facing the Flag On Stranger Tides Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island Castaways of the Flying Dutchman The Angel's Command Voyage of Slaves Long John Silver Pirate Latitudes Mistress of the Seas Silver: Return to Treasure Island
Tropes	Buried treasure Davy Jones's locker Eyepatch Jolly Roger Bloody flag Crossed Swords Jolly Roger Flag of Blackbeard Old Roger Straw Hat Pirates' Jolly Roger skull and crossbones Keelhauling Marooning No purchase, no pay Peg leg Pet parrot Pirate code Pirate utopia Treasure map Walking the plank
Miscellaneous	Air pirate Space pirate International Talk Like a Pirate Day Pirates versus Ninjas The Pirates of Penzance