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Introduction

Image created byWalter Crane to celebrateInternational Workers' Day (May Day, 1 May), 1889. The image depicts workers from the five populated continents (Africa, Asia, Americas, Australia and Europe) in unity underneath an angel representing freedom, fraternity and equality.

Thelabour movement is the collective organisation ofworking people to further their shared political and economic interests. It consists of thetrade union orlabour union movement, as well as political parties of labour. It can be considered an instance ofclass conflict.

Intrade unions, workers campaign for higher wages, better working conditions and fair treatment from their employers, and through the implementation oflabour laws, from their governments. They do this throughcollective bargaining,sectoral bargaining, and when needed,strike action. In some countries,co-determination gives representatives of workers seats on the board of directors of their employers.

Political parties representing the interests of workers campaign forlabour rights,social security and thewelfare state. They are usually called alabour party (in English-speaking countries), asocial democratic party (inGermanic andSlavic countries), asocialist party (inRomance countries), or sometimes aworkers' party.
Though historically less prominent, thecooperative movement campaigns to replacecapitalist ownership of the economy withworker cooperatives,consumer cooperatives, and other types ofcooperative ownership. This is related to the concept ofeconomic democracy.

The labour movement developed as a response tocapitalism and theIndustrial Revolution of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, at about the same time associalism. The early goals of the movement were theright to unionise, theright to vote,democracy, safe working conditions and the40-hour week. As these were achieved in many of the advanced economies of Western Europe and North America in the early decades of the 20th century, the labour movement expanded to issues of welfare and social insurance,wealth distribution andincome distribution,public services likehealth care and education,social housing and in some casescommon ownership. (Full article...)

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TheGeneral Confederation of Labour (French:Confédération Générale du Travail,pronounced[kɔ̃fedeʁɑsjɔ̃ʒeneʁaldytʁavaj],CGT) is anational trade union center, founded in 1895 in the city ofLimoges. It is the first of the five major Frenchconfederations oftrade unions.

It is the largest in terms of votes in theLabour Court elections (34.0% in the 2008 election), and second largest in terms of membership numbers.

Its membership decreased to 650,000 members in 1995–1996 (it had more than doubled whenFrançois Mitterrand was elected president in 1981), before increasing today to between 700,000 and 720,000 members, slightly fewer than theConfédération Française Démocratique du Travail (CFDT). (Full article...)

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November in Labor History

Significant dates in labour history.

November 01 -Malbone Street Wreck occurs on the first day of theBLE strike in1918 in the U.S.; the first congress of theInternational Trade Union Confederation is held; theInternational Harvester strike of 1979–80 began
November 02 -Brian Behan died
November 03 -Nathan Feinsinger died; theU.S. Supreme Court decidedMarquez v. Screen Actors Guild Inc.;Dennis McDermott was born
November 04 -Tomasz Arciszewski was born;James Green was born
November 05 -Eugene V. Debs was born;Nimrod Workman was born;Agustín Tosco died; the2007 Writers Guild of America strike began
November 06 -Lloyd McBride died
November 08 -Ed Boyce was born; the1892 New Orleans general strike began
November 09 -Congress of Industrial Organizations founded in the U.S.;Philip Murray died;Danny Greene was born; theChicago Federation of Labor is founded
November 11 -Centralia massacre occurs in the U.S.
November 12 -Bituminous coal strike of 1974 begins in the U.S.; theDemocratic Confederation of San Marino Workers is formed
November 13 - TheUK firefighter dispute 2002–03 begins;Karen Silkwood died; theInternational Typographical Union begins publishing theGreen Bay News-Chronicle during a strike
November 14 - TheHigh Court of Australia issues its ruling inNew South Wales v Commonwealth, upholding the validity ofWorkChoices;Daniel J. Tobin died; the2007 German national rail strike began
November 15 -Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions founded in the U.S.;Raymond McKay was born
November 16 -Jean Maitron died; theJamaica Association of Local Government Officers is founded;Georges Marchais died
November 17 -Harold J. Gibbons died
November 18 -Chris Watson died
November 19 -William J. McCarthy died;Joe Hill is executed; theNational Writers Union is formed
November 20 -Giles Hart was born;Richard Cordtz died
November 21 -William Green died; theColumbine Mine massacre occurred in1927 in the U.S.
November 22 -David McDonald was born;Philip Murray is elected president of theCIO
November 23 -Harry Van Arsdale, Jr. died
November 24 -Charles Millard died
November 25 -George Mock died; the2006 Progressive Enterprises dispute begins in New Zealand;Ted Saskin becomes executive director of theNHLPA in 2005
November 26 - TheNational Confederation of the Trade-Union Organizations of Ukraine is formed;Nimrod Workman died;Eliot V. Elliott died
November 27 -Donald Richberg died
November 28 - TheU.S. Supreme Court decidesEastern Associated Coal Corp. v. United Mine Workers of America;André Morell died;William McFetridge was born
November 29 -John P. Frey died
November 30 -Mary Harris "Mother" Jones died; theGeneral Federation of Trade Unions of Korea is formed

Jan•Feb•Mar•Apr•May•Jun•Jul•Aug•Sep•Oct•Nov•Dec

More Did you know(auto-generated)

... thatM. Farooqui, who had been expelled from his studies for having organized a strike in 1940, received hisDelhi University degree in a special convocation in 1989?
... that members of theTrade Union Opposition Federationstormed the Copenhagen Stock Exchange?
... that Thameslightermen would pull their barges up to theLeaning Tower of Rotherhithe to collect their wages?
... thatWarren Kilbourne led a strike against a professional football team because he was not paid for participation in a charity game?
... that when journalist and trade unionistNisn Pups was released from jail, theCommunist Party of Lithuania instructed him to change his name?
... that Scottish bricklayerBrian Higgins was unable to find work for 25 years after appearing ona construction-industry blacklist?

Related Portals

Selected image

Image 1ThePlace de la Sorbonne inParis is closed by police during the2006 labour protests in France.
Image 2Striking I.W.W. members confrontMassachusetts National Guard troops inBoston, during theLawrence textile strike in 1912.
Image 3Breaker boys, child laborers, working in a U.S. coal mine in 1911.
Image 4Exaggerated 19th century engraving showing flames and smoke following theHaymarket riot.
Image 5BigBill Haywood, a founding member and leader of theIndustrial Workers of the World.
Image 6Political cartoon about theCoal Strike of 1902 from the Cleveland Plain Dealer.
Image 7AFL–CIO unions protest outsideVerizon headquarters inPhiladelphia using a giant inflatable rat.
Image 8Samuel Gompers.
Image 9American Federation of Teachers (AFT) presidentAlbert Shanker.
Image 10Strike sign used by theGerman Train Drivers' Union in theGerman national rail strike of 2007.
Image 11John L. Lewis (right, President of theUnited Mine Workers, confers withThomas Kennedy (left), UMW Secretary-Treasurer of the UMW, and a UMW official at theWar Labor Board in 1943 about a coal miners' strike.
Image 12Public and Commercial Services Union members on strike inManchester 2006.
Image 13Wilma B. Liebman, chair,NLRB.
Image 14Australian industrial relations legislation national day of protest, 2005.
Image 15Detail of monument to theReesor Siding Strike of 1963.
Image 16Samuel Gompers, President of theAmerican Federation of Labor, and his wife, circa 1908.
Image 17Rally inDhaka, organized by Jatiyo Nari Shramik Trade Union Kendra (National Women Workers Trade Union Centre), an organization affiliated with the Bangladesh Trade Union Kendra.
Image 18Armed vigilantesdeport striking copper miners during theBisbee Deportation in Bisbee, Arizona, July 12, 1917.
Image 19William Green, president of theAFL–CIO from 1924 to 1952.
Image 20EmptyGare du Nord train station during theNovember 2007 strikes in France.
Image 21Striking American Railway Union members confrontIllinois National Guard troops inChicago, Illinois, during thePullman Strike in 1894.
Image 22TheLudlow massacre monument located inLudlow, Colorado,United States.
Image 23The front page of theUnion Record on theSeattle General Strike of 1919.
Image 24Lewis Hine's1920 image "Power house mechanic working on steam pump," which shows a working class young American man with wrench in hand, hunched over, surrounded by the machinery that defines his work.
Image 25National Federation of Federal Employees officials sign a collective bargaining agreement with the U.S. 8th Army in October 2002.
Image 26Striking workers march moments before theSwedish military opened fire, killing five workers during theÅdalen shootings.
Image 27May Day Rally inMumbai,India, 2004.
Image 28Union elections with an illegal firing, 1951 to 2007.
Image 29Metropolitan Transportation Authority (New York) notice of subway closure during the2005 New York City transit strike.
Image 30Crowd gathered outside old City Hall during theWinnipeg general strike, June 21, 1919.
Image 31Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
Image 32DuringWorld War II, a female aircraft worker checks electrical assemblies at theVega Aircraft Corporation inBurbank, California.
Image 33Picket signs at the2007 Writers Guild of America strike.
Image 34Richard Trumka.
Image 35Shields used bystriking workers at the Carnegie Steel Works during theHomestead Strike in 1892.
Image 36Barges set ablaze by steelworkers during theHomestead strike in1892.
Image 37A. Philip Randolph.
Image 38Members of theUnited Steelworkers inOhio phone bank other union members to educate them about critical issues in the 2008 election in the U.S.
Image 39Illustration from the BrisbaneWorker newspaper condemning the brutality of theQueensland Police onBlack Friday during the1912 Brisbane General Strike.
Image 40Knights of Labor Grand Master WorkmanTerence V. Powderly.
Image 41United Mine Workers of America poster circa 1902.
Image 42Union members march inArgentina onHuman Rights Day in December 2005. The signs read "Worker rights are human rights..
Image 43TheWestern Federation of Miners' famous flyer entitled "Is Colorado in America?".
Image 44Mounted police chase demonstrators throughVancouver's East End during theBattle of Ballantyne Pier in1935.
Image 45J. Warren Madden, the firstChair of theNational Labor Relations Board.
Image 46Memorial marker for theBay View Tragedy.
Image 47Protesters barricade the street on June 22 during the2006 Oaxaca protests.
Image 48Joe Hill.
Image 49Registered nurses on strike in 2006 outsideRobert Wood Johnson University Hospital.
Image 50AnAFL–CIO protest ofRite Aid, with Rev. Mark Reisinger (Pastor of Grace United Methodist Church inMechanicsburg, Pennsylvania),Bill George, andRichard Bloomingdale.
Image 51George Meany, former leader of theAFL–CIO.
Image 52Cripple Creek, Colo., under martial law, during the1894 strike.
Image 53Striking teamsters armed with pipes battle police in the streets during theMinneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934.
Image 54Mary Harris "Mother" Jones.
Image 55Strike leaders at thePaterson silk strike of 1913. From left,Patrick Quinlan,Carlo Tresca,Elizabeth Gurley Flynn,Adolph Lessig, andBill Haywood.
Image 56Union memberspicketing recentNLRB rulings outside the agency'sWashington, D.C., headquarters in November 2007.
Image 57Camp put up by strikingPepsi-Cola workers, inGuatemala City,Guatemala, 2008.
Image 58Former headquarters of theUnited Mine Workers of America and theCongress of Industrial Organizations, 900 15th Street NW, Washington, D.C., in 200.

Selected Quote

"Let the workers organize. Let the toilers assemble. Let their crystallized voice proclaim their injustices and demand their privileges. Let all thoughtful citizens sustain them, for the future of Labor is the future of America."

— John L. Lewis.

Did you know

...that the 1975U.S. Supreme Court caseNLRB v. J. Weingarten, Inc. allowed all workers in unionized workplaces to have aunion representative present during management inquiries that might result in discipline?
...thatCanada'ssyndicalistOne Big Union kept itself alive for some time by running an illegallottery in its weekly bulletin?
...that theOccupational Safety and Health Act went into effect in theUnited States on April 28, 1971, the same day asWorkers' Memorial Day?

More Did You Know?

Topics

Organized labor

Formation

Structure	Labor council Union organizer National trade union center Global union federation Union representative Clerk of the Chapel Father of the Chapel Local union Union dues Vigilance committee Union label Salt Trades hall Duty of fair representation
Models	Organizing model Service model Social movement unionism Community unionism Members-only unionism One Big Union Open-source unionism Business unionism Dual unionism Solidarity unionism Syndicalism
Types	Company union Independent union General union Craft unionism Industrial unionism

Industrial
relations

Shops and hiring	Closed shop Open shop Agency shop Union shop Hiring hall Bump Scope clause
Actions	Unfair list Strike action recognition secondary action Strike notice Occupation of factories Precarious work Precarity General strike Sitdown strike Slowdown Bossnapping Stay-away Labor unrest Grievance Organizational dissent Overtime ban Industrial action Walkout Contingent work Whipsaw strike Wildcat strike action Work-to-rule Green ban Picketing
Bargaining	Bargaining unit Collective bargaining Collaborative bargaining Enterprise bargaining agreement Global framework agreement Master contract Mutual gains bargaining Pattern bargaining Union security agreement
Compensation	Strike pay Union wage premium Workers' compensation

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