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Myth is agenre offolklore consisting primarily ofnarratives that play a fundamental role in a society. For scholars, this is totally different from the ordinary sense of the termmyth, meaning abelief that is not true, as the veracity of a piece of folklore is entirely irrelevant to determining whether it constitutes a myth.
Myths are often endorsed by religious and secular authorities, and may be natural or supernatural in character. Many societies group their myths,legends, and history together, considering myths and legends to be factual accounts of their remote past. In particular,creation myths take place in a primordial age when the world had not achieved its later form.Origin myths explain how a society'scustoms,institutions, andtaboos were established and sanctified.National myths are narratives about a nation's past that symbolize the nation's values. There is a complex relationship betweenrecital of myths and the enactment of rituals. (Full article...)
Ancient Egyptian literature was written with theEgyptian language fromancient Egypt'spharaonic period until the end ofRoman domination. It represents the oldestcorpus ofEgyptian literature. Along withSumerian literature, it is considered the world'searliest literature.
Writing in ancient Egypt—bothhieroglyphic andhieratic—first appeared in the late 4th millennium BC during the late phase ofpredynastic Egypt. By theOld Kingdom (26th century BC to 22nd century BC), literary works includedfunerary texts,epistles and letters,hymns and poems, and commemorativeautobiographical texts recounting the careers of prominent administrative officials. It was not until the earlyMiddle Kingdom (21st century BC to 17th century BC) that a narrativeEgyptian literature was created. This was a "media revolution" which, according toRichard B. Parkinson, was the result of the rise of an intellectual class ofscribes, new cultural sensibilities about individuality, unprecedented levels of literacy, and mainstream access to written materials. The creation of literature was thus an elite exercise, monopolized by a scribal class attached to government offices and the royal court of the rulingpharaoh. However, there is no full consensus among modern scholars concerning the dependence of ancientEgyptian literature on the sociopolitical order of the royal courts. (Full article...)
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Fenrir (Old Norse 'fen-dweller') orFenrisúlfr (Old Norse "Fenrir'swolf", often translated "Fenris-wolf"), also referred to asHróðvitnir (Old Norse "fame-wolf") andVánagandr (Old Norse 'monster of the [River] Ván'), is a monstrous wolf inNorse mythology. In Old Norse texts, Fenrir plays a key role during the events ofRagnarök, where he is foretold to assist in setting the world aflame, resulting in the collapse of humanity and society, and killing the godOdin.
Fenrir, along withHel andJörmungandr, is a child ofLoki and femalejötunnAngrboða. He is attested in thePoetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and theProse Edda andHeimskringla, composed in the 13th century. In both thePoetic Edda andProse Edda, Fenrir is the father of the wolvesSköll andHati Hróðvitnisson, is a son of Loki and is foretold to kill the godOdin during the events ofRagnarök, but will in turn be killed by Odin's sonVíðarr. (Full article...)
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