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Amountain is an elevated portion of the surface of a planet, generally with steep sides that show significant exposedbedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from aplateau in having a limitedsummit area, and is usually higher than ahill, typically rising at least 600metres (2,000 ft) above the surrounding land. A few mountains areisolated summits, but most occur inmountain ranges.[page needed]
Mountains are formed throughtectonic forces,erosion, orvolcanism,[page needed] which act on time scales of up to tens of millions of years. Once mountain building ceases, mountains are slowly leveled through the action ofweathering, throughslumping and other forms ofmass wasting, as well as through erosion byrivers andglaciers.
High elevations on mountains producecolder climates than atsea level at similar latitude. These colder climates strongly affect theecosystems of mountains: different elevations have different plants and animals. Because of the less hospitable terrain and climate, mountains tend to be used less for agriculture and more for resource extraction, such asmining andlogging, along with recreation, such asmountain climbing andskiing.
The highest mountain on Earth isMount Everest in theHimalayas ofAsia, whose summit is 8,850 m (29,035 ft) above mean sea level. Thehighest known mountain on any planet in the Solar System isOlympus Mons on Mars at 21,171 m (69,459 ft). The tallest mountain including submarine terrain isMauna Kea inHawaii from its underwater base at 9,330 m (30,610 ft); some scientists consider it to be the tallest on earth. (Full article...)
Anoutwash fan is a fan-shaped body ofsediments deposited bybraided streams from a meltingglacier. Sediment locked within the ice of the glacier getstransported by the streams of meltwater, and deposits on the outwash plain, at theterminus of the glacier. Theoutwash, the sediment transported and deposited by the meltwater and that makes up the fan, is usually poorly sorted due to the short distance traveled before being deposited. (Full article...)
TheBoise Mountains are amountain range in theU.S. state ofIdaho, spanning part ofBoise andSawtoothnational forests.The highest point in the range isTwo Point Mountain at an elevation of 10,124 feet (3,086 m) above sea level. (Full article...)
Atumulus (pl.:tumuli) is amound ofearth andstones raised over agrave or graves. Tumuli are also known asbarrows,burial mounds,mounds,howes, or in Siberia and Central Asia askurgans, and may be found throughout much of the world. Acairn, which is a mound of stones built for various purposes, may also originally have been a tumulus.
Tumuli are often categorised according to their external apparent shape. In this respect, along barrow is a long tumulus, usually constructed on top of severalburials, such aspassage graves. Around barrow is a round tumulus, also commonly constructed on top of burials. The internal structure and architecture of both long and round barrows have a broad range; the categorization only refers to the external apparent shape. (Full article...)
Aremovable bolt (orRB), inclimbing, is aspring loaded metal camming device used to anchor a person or a load to a rock or cement wall temporarily. Removable Bolts negate the need to install permanent protectionbolts to the wall, which can be costly and cause cosmetic damage. RBs are designed for use in bolting new sportclimbing routes, setting temporary anchors on traditional routes, and on back-country expeditions where abandoning gear or placing permanent gear is not optimal. RBs are particularly popular when placing permanent bolts on steep walls with limited features, where other means of temporary protection, such ashooks, traditional camming devices, orslings, are not an option. By drilling a hole and inserting an RB, the bolter can ascend higher up on the rock before placing the next permanent piece of protection, thereby leaving a reasonable climbing distance between bolts on the finished route. RBs have also been designed and produced for fall prevention and safety in construction and mining operations.
Originally produced in the mid 1990s, removable bolts were at first reported to become permanently lodged in the rock after anchoring a fall. In the early 2000s, several companies redesigned the RB and the equipment has received positive feedback from users. RBs are used almost exclusively in bolting and cleaning new lines, often steep limestone, which is soft enough to be drilled with relative ease, and is particularly difficult to bolt without some load bearing anchor. (Full article...)
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Theanterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of thecruciate ligaments in thehumanknee. The two ligaments are called "cruciform" ligaments, as they are arranged in a crossed formation. In thequadrupedstifle joint (analogous to the knee), based on itsanatomical position, it is also referred to as thecranial cruciate ligament. The term cruciate isLatin for cross. This name is fitting because the ACL crosses the posterior cruciate ligament to form an "X". It is composed of strong, fibrous material and assists in controlling excessive motion by limiting mobility of the joint. The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the four mainligaments of the knee, providing 85% of the restraining force toanterior tibial displacement at 30 and 90° of knee flexion. The ACL is the most frequently injured ligament in the knee. (Full article...)
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For editor resources and to collaborate with other editors on improving Wikipedia's Mountains-related articles, seeWikiProject Mountains.
Amak VolcanoBen NevisGerlachovský štítGlacier PeakHualālaiHuangshanKohala (mountain)Mont AiguilleMont Blanc massifMontpelier HillMount Adams (Washington)Mount Bailey (Oregon)Mount BakerMount Cleveland (Alaska)Mount Edziza volcanic complexMount ElbertMount GaribaldiMount HoodMount KenyaMount RainierMount RedoubtMount TehamaMount ThielsenMount VesuviusPinkham NotchRoxy Ann PeakSilverthrone CalderaSnowdonWells Gray-Clearwater volcanic fieldWilkins PeakYamsay MountainThe followingWikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject:
