Minnesota, which derives its name from theDakota language, has been inhabited by variousNative Americans since theWoodland period of the 11th century BCE. Between roughly 200 and 500 CE, two areas of the indigenousHopewell tradition emerged: theLaurel complex in the north, and Trempealeau Hopewell in theMississippi River Valley in the south. TheUpper Mississippian culture, consisting of theOneota people and otherSiouan speakers, emerged around 1000 CE and lasted through the arrival of Europeans in the 17th century. French explorers andmissionaries were the earliest Europeans to enter the region, encountering theDakota,Ojibwe, and variousAnishinaabe tribes. Much of what is now Minnesota formed part of thevast French holding of Louisiana, whichthe United States purchased in 1803. After several territorial reorganizations, theMinnesota Territory wasadmitted to the Union as the 32nd state in 1858. Minnesota's official motto,L'Étoile du Nord ("The Star of the North"), is the onlystate motto inFrench. This phrase was adopted shortly after statehood and reflects both the state's early French explorers and its position as the northernmost state in the contiguous U.S.
As part of theAmerican frontier, Minnesota attracted settlers andhomesteaders from across the country. Its growth was initially based on timber, agriculture, and railroad construction. Into the early 20th century, European immigrants arrived in significant numbers, particularly fromScandinavia, Germany, andCentral Europe. Many were linked to the failedrevolutions of 1848, which partly influenced the state's development as a center oflabor and social activism. Minnesota's rapid industrialization and urbanization precipitatedmajor social, economic, and political changes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; the state was at the forefront oflabor rights,women's suffrage, and political reform. Consequently, Minnesota is relatively unique among Midwestern states in being a reliable base for theDemocratic Party, having voted for every Democratic presidential nominee since 1976, longer than any other U.S. state. (Full article...)
Minneapolis is a city inHennepin County, Minnesota, United States, and itscounty seat. With a population of 429,954 as of the2020 census, it is the state'smost populous city. Located in the state's center near the eastern border, it occupies both banks of theUpper Mississippi River and adjoinsSaint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota. Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and the surrounding area are collectively known as theTwin Cities, a metropolitan area with 3.69 million residents. Minneapolis is built on an artesian aquifer on relatively flat terrain and is known for cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers. Nicknamed the "City of Lakes", Minneapolis is abundant in water, withthirteen lakes, wetlands, theMississippi River, creeks, and waterfalls. The city's public park system is connected by theGrand Rounds National Scenic Byway.
Dakota people previously inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European settlement began north ofFort Snelling alongSaint Anthony Falls—the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River. Location near the fort and the falls' power—with its potential for industrial activity—fostered the city's early growth. For a time in the 19th century, Minneapolis was the lumber and flour milling capital of the world, and as home to theFederal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, it has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century. A Minneapolis Depression-era labor strike brought about federal worker protections. Work in Minneapolis contributed to the computing industry, and the city is the birthplace ofGeneral Mills, thePillsbury brand,Target Corporation, andThermo King mobile refrigeration. (Full article...)
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