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Mexico
Flag Coat of arms
Location	Southern portion ofNorth America

Mexico, officially theUnited Mexican States, is a country inNorth America. It is the northernmost country inLatin America and borders theUnited States to the north, andGuatemala andBelize to the southeast; while havingmaritime boundaries with thePacific Ocean to the west, theCaribbean Sea to the southeast, and theGulf of Mexico to the east. Mexico covers 1,972,550 km² (761,610 sq mi), and is thethirteenth-largest country in the world by land area. With a population exceeding 130 million, Mexico is thetenth-most populous country in the world and is home to thelargest number of native Spanish speakers as of 2020.Mexico City is the capital andlargest city, which ranks among themost populous metropolitan areas in the world.

Human presence in Mexico dates back to at least 8,000 BC.Mesoamerica, considered acradle of civilization, was home to numerous advanced societies, including theOlmecs,Maya,Zapotecs,Teotihuacan civilization, andPurépecha.Spanish colonization began in 1521 with an alliance thatdefeated theAztec Empire, establishing the colony ofNew Spain with its capital atTenochtitlan, now Mexico City. New Spain became a major center of the transoceanic economy during theAge of Discovery, fueled bysilver mining and its position as ahub between Europe and Asia. This gave rise to one of the largest multiracial populations in the world. ThePeninsular War led to the 1810–1821Mexican War of Independence, which ended Peninsular rule and led to the creation of theFirst Mexican Empire, which quickly collapsed into the short-livedFirst Mexican Republic. In 1848, Mexicolost nearly half its territory to theAmerican invasion.Liberal reforms set in theConstitution of 1857 led tocivil war andFrench intervention, culminating in the establishment of theSecond Mexican Empire underEmperor Maximilian I of Austria, who was overthrown by Republican forces led byBenito Juárez. The late 19th century sawthe long dictatorship ofPorfirio Díaz, whose modernization policies came at the cost of severe social unrest. The 1910–1920Mexican Revolution led to the overthrow of Díaz and the adoption of the1917 Constitution. Mexico experiencedrapid industrialization and economic growth in the 1940s–1970s, amidstelectoral fraud, theTlatelolco massacre, and economic crises. The late 20th century saw a shift towardsneoliberalism, marked by the signing of theNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, amidstunrest in Chiapas. (Full article...)

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Aries is the ninth studio album by Mexican recording artistLuis Miguel. It was released byWEA Latina on 22 June 1993. After attaining commercial success in 1991 with his previous album,Romance, Luis Miguel decided to return to a style similar to his earlier work, featuringpop ballads and dance numbers with R&B influences. The record was produced by Miguel, who was assisted byKiko Cibrian,Rudy Pérez,David Foster, andJuan Luis Guerra.

Three singles were released to promote the album. The first two singles, "Ayer" and "Hasta Que Me Olvides," topped the USBillboard Hot Latin Songs chart and the third, "Suave," peaked at number nine. Two other songs were released as promotional singles, "Hasta el Fin" and "Tú y Yo"; both peaked at number four on the Hot Latin Songs chart. To further promote the record, Luis Miguel launched the 1993Aries Tour to some Latin American countries and the United States. (Full article...)

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TheZócalo also known as Plaza de la Constitución with theMexican flag waving in the center and to the right behind it, theOld Portal de Mercaderes

Thehistoric center of Mexico City (Spanish:Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México), also known as theCentro orCentro Histórico, is the central neighborhood inMexico City, Mexico, focused on theZócalo (or main plaza) and extending in all directions for a number of blocks, with its farthest extent being west to theAlameda Central. The Zocalo is the largest plaza in Latin America. It can hold up to nearly 100,000 people.

This section of the capital lies in the municipal borough ofCuauhtémoc, has just over nine km² and occupies 668 blocks. It contains 9,000 buildings, 1,550 of which have been declared of historical importance. Most of these historic buildings were constructed between the 16th and 20th centuries. It is divided into two zones for preservation purposes. Zone A encompasses the pre-Hispanic city and its expansion from the Viceroy period until Independence. Zone B covers the areas all other constructions to the end of the 19th century that are considered indispensable to the preservation of the area's architectural and cultural heritage. (Full article...)

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El Ejemplo (The Example) is a studio album byRegional Mexican bandLos Tigres del Norte. It was released byFonovisa Records on May 2, 1995, and includes fourteen tracks written by Teodoro Bello and Enrique Valencia, which span song styles such asballads,boleros,corridos,cumbias andrancheras.

The album was a commercial success peaking at number eight in theBillboard Top Latin Albums in the United States, where it was certified Gold by theRecording Industry Association of America. To promote the album, Los Tigres del Norte released four singles, "La Fama de la Pareja", the title track and "Golpes en el Corazón" that reached top ten in theBillboard Hot Latin Songs, while the single "No Puedo Más" peaked at number 15 in the same chart. "Golpes en el Corazón", was later included in the setlist of their live albumMTV Unplugged: Los Tigres del Norte and Friends as a duet with Mexican singerPaulina Rubio. (Full article...)

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Formal portrait byAlbert Gräflec. 1865

Maximilian I (Spanish:Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena;German:Ferdinand Maximilian Josef Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was anAustrianarchduke who becameemperor of theSecond Mexican Empire from 10 April 1864 until his execution by theMexican Republic on 19 June 1867.

A member of theHouse of Habsburg-Lorraine, Maximilian was the younger brother of EmperorFranz Joseph I of Austria. Before becoming Emperor of Mexico, he was commander-in-chief of the smallImperial Austrian Navy and briefly the Austrian viceroy ofLombardy–Venetia, but was removed by the emperor. Two years before his dismissal, he briefly met with French emperorNapoleon III in Paris, where he was approached byconservativeMexican monarchists seeking a European royal to rule Mexico. Initially Maximilian was not interested, but following his dismissal as viceroy, the Mexican monarchists' plan was far more appealing to him. (Full article...)

In the news

10 February 2026 –United States embargo against Cuba,Cuba–Mexico relations,Canada–Mexico relationsUnited States trade war with Canada and Mexico

Mexico confirms it has suspended all shipments of fuel toCuba to avoid punitivetariffs by the United States which is enforcing an oilblockade of the island, while vowing to continue shipments ofhumanitarian aid.(AA)

CanadianairlinesAir Transat andWestJet suspend all flights to Cuba amid ashortage of fuel forcommercial aviation, and say efforts are underway to returnCanadians stranded on the island.(Bloomberg)

10 February 2026 –

APemex-ownedpipeline explodes inOaxaca,Mexico, killing three people and injuring six others.(Reuters)

9 February 2026 –United States embargo against Cuba

Mexico deploys twonavy vessels, including theARMPapaloapan, carrying more than 800 tonnes ofhumanitarian aid to Cuba amid criticalshortages on the island.(Mexico News Daily)

9 February 2026 –Missing persons in Mexico

The bodies of three employees abducted from amining facility inSinaloa,Mexico, are recovered after being taken on January 23, while authorities continue searching for the remaining seven missing workers.(AFP via France 24)

6 February 2026 –

Bodies and remains are found in an area where search and rescue operations are ongoing for 10 missing workers kidnapped from a Canadian gold and silver mine inSinaloa,Mexico, on January 28. Four people are arrested.(CP24)

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  Image 1Panel 3 from Cancuen, Guatemala, representing king T'ah 'ak' Cha'an (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 2Singer and actor Pedro Infante, one of the leading figures of theGolden Age of Mexican Cinema. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 3Battle of Tampico (1829) a conflict between Mexican forces led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna and Spanish loyalists attempting to reconquer Mexico, resulting in a decisive Mexican victory that further solidified Mexico's independence from Spain. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 4Murals of Bonampak (between 580 and 800 AD) (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 5President Obregón. Note that he lost his right arm in theBattle of Celaya (1915), earning him the nickname ofManco de Celaya ("the one-armed man of Celaya"). (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 6April 2, 1867. Entry of GeneralPorfirio Díaz intoPuebla. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 7TheVolkswagen Beetle, known in Mexico as the "Vocho," is perhaps the most iconic classic car in the country. Its production in Mexico began in 1967, and it continued until 2003, making it a symbol of Mexican automotive culture. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 8Entry into Mexico City by the Mexican army (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 9Liberación (Liberation).Jorge González Camarena. 1908. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 10Plutarco Elías Calles politician and revolutionary general who served as President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928, known for his role in shaping modern Mexico through reforms and the consolidation of state power. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 11Chihuahua Cathedral and a monument to the city's founder,Antonio Deza y Ulloa (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 12Modern group monument ofCortés,Doña Marina, and theirmestizo son Martín (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 13Fireworks in Mexico City forNew Year's Day. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 14Variegated maize ears (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 15Award of the Association of Theater Critics and Journalists. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 16Three world leaders: (background, left to right) Mexican PresidentCarlos Salinas de Gortari, U.S. PresidentGeorge H. W. Bush, and Canadian Prime MinisterBrian Mulroney, observe the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 17Making cigarettes in theEl Buen Tono factory, Mexico City (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 18José Pablo Moncayo known for his orchestral works, particularly "Huapango" (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 19Shield Jaguar andLady Xoc, Maya, lintel 24 of temple 23, Yaxchilan, Mexico, ca. 725 ce. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 20The Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–900 CE (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 21Sawdust carpet made during "The night no one sleeps" in Huamantla, Tlaxcala (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 22PresidentFelipe Calderón with President of BrazilLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 23Cerro del Cubilete ("Dice Cup Hill"). At the top of the hill is theCristo Rey (Christ theKing) statue. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 24"TheFall of the Alamo" byRobert Jenkins Onderdonk (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 25Victoriano Huerta, ruler of Mexico from 1913 to 1914 (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 26David Huerta is a contemporary philosopher and poet who examines human existence, freedom, and meaning in Mexican society, blending philosophy with art and literature. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 27ViceroyJosé de Iturrigaray (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 28Ignacio Comonfort significant role during the tumultuous period of the mid-19th century, including the Reform War and early stages of the Mexican Republic's transition. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 29La huida a Egipto (The Flight into Egypt).Miguel Cabrera, around 1700. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 30The logo ofNacional Financiera (NAFIN), the state development bank. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 31Porfirio Díaz dominant Mexican political and military figure who served as President for much of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by his long rule and the modernization efforts known as the Porfiriato. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 32PresidentVicente Fox with Prime Minister of IndiaManmohan Singh (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 33La leyenda de los volcanes (The legend of the volcanoes).Saturnino Herrán. 1910–1912. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 34A statue of aChichimeca Warrior in the city ofQuerétaro (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 35Olmec colossal (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 36Chacmool, Maya, from the Platform of the Eagles, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–90 CE (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 37Pear,Quince andPsidiumcajeta. In 2010 declared theBicentennial Dessert of Mexico. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 38Quechquemitl from Hidalgo at theMuseo de Arte Popular in Mexico City (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 39Exconvento (Ex-convent), byJosé María Velasco. 1860. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 40Mexico City street market (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 41U.S. PresidentBarack Obama and Mexican President-ElectEnrique Peña Nieto during their meet at theWhite House following Peña Nieto'selection victory. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 42Agustín de Iturbide the firstEmperor of Mexico in 1822 after leading the Mexican War of Independence against Spain, but his reign was short-lived, lasting only until 1823 when he abdicated, and Mexico transitioned to a republic. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 43Mexican Army troops in theZócalo in the 1968Tlatelolco massacre. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 44Mexican Central Railway train at station, Mexico (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 45Goddess, mural painting from the Tetitla apartment complex at Teotihuacan, Mexico, 650–750 CE (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 46Battle of Centla, the first time a horse was used in battle in a war in the Americas. Mural in the Palacio Municipal of Paraíso,Tabasco (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 47Teotihuacan view of the Avenue of the Dead and thePyramid of the Sun, from thePyramid of the Moon (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 48Silkrebozo from Santa María del Río, SLP on a mannequin at the Feria de Rebozo inTenancingo, State of Mexico. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 49Matches between Club América and Cruz Azul at theEstadio Azteca, known as the "Clásico Joven." (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 50The firstBraceros arrive inLos Angeles by train in 1942. Photograph byDorothea Lange. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 51Logo of thePartido Nacional Revolucionario, with the colors of the Mexican flag (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 52Battle of Miahuatlán took place on 3 October 1866. The liberal victory atMiahuatlán was significant because it allowed them to consolidate their control over southern Mexico. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 53TheZócalo (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 54Buffalo Soldiers of the American10th Cavalry Regiment taken prisoner during theBattle of Carrizal, Mexico in 1916. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 55Portrait and book bySor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Baroque poet and writer. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 56A unit of Cristeros preparing for battle. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 57Colossal atlantids, pyramid B, Toltec, Tula, Mexico, ca. 900–1180 AD (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 58The1985 Mexico City earthquake (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 59GeneralPancho Villa at the entrance of Ojinaga (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 60Spanish and Portuguese empires in 1790 (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 61President Carranza inLa Cañada, Querétaro, January 22, 1916. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 62Chapultepec, more commonly called the "Bosque de Chapultepec" (ChapultepecForest) (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 63Surrender ofSanta Anna byWilliam Henry Huddle shows the Mexican president and general surrendering to a woundedSam Houston in 1836. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 64Comanchería, territory controlled by the Comanches, prior to 1850 (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 65The Execution of Emperor Maximilian, 19 June 1867. Gen.Tomás Mejía, left, Maximilian, center, Gen.Miguel Miramón, right. Painting byÉdouard Manet 1868. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 66Subcomandante Marcos (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 67Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 68Distribution of linguistic groups around 1500. (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 69GeneralSanta Anna known for his leadership during the Texas Revolution, Mexican-American War, and turbulent periods of Mexican history marked by political instability and territorial losses. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 70Dining table, painted between 1857 y 1859, oleo sobre tela (oil on canvas) byAgustín Arrieta (fromCulture of Mexico)
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  Image 71Toltec carving representing the Aztec Eagle, found inVeracruz, 10th–13th century.Metropolitan Museum of Art. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 72El Chapo in US custody after his extradition from Mexico. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 73Cabinet Officers ofAndrés Manuel López Obrador (left) and ofEnrique Peña Nieto (right). (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 74A map of Mexico 1845 after Texas annexation by the U.S. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 75Gilberto Bosques Saldívar took the initiative to rescue tens of thousands of Jews andSpanish Republican exiles from being deported toNazi Germany or Spain. (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 76"The Torture ofCuauhtémoc", a 19th-century painting byLeandro Izaguirre (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 77Equestrian statue of Charles IV inMexico City (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 78Lázaro Cárdenas mural (fromHistory of Mexico)
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  Image 79Plaza de las Tres Culturas (fromCulture of Mexico)

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