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Lithuania, officially theRepublic of Lithuania, is a country in theBaltic region ofEurope. It is one of threeBaltic states and lies on the eastern shore of theBaltic Sea, bordered byLatvia to the north,Belarus to the east and south,Poland to the south, and the Russiansemi-exclave ofKaliningrad Oblast to the southwest, with amaritime border withSweden to the west. Lithuania covers an area of 65,300 km2 (25,200 sq mi), and has a population of 2.9 million. Its capital and largest city isVilnius; other major cities includeKaunas,Klaipėda,Šiauliai andPanevėžys.Lithuanians are thetitular nation, belong to the ethnolinguistic group ofBalts, and speakLithuanian.
For millennia, the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by variousBaltic tribes. In the 1230s, Lithuanian lands were united for the first time byMindaugas, who formed theKingdom of Lithuania on 6 July 1253. Subsequent expansion and consolidation resulted in theGrand Duchy of Lithuania, which by the 14th century was the largest country in Europe. In 1386, the grand duchy entered into ade factopersonal union with theCrown of the Kingdom of Poland. The two realmswere united into thePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569, forming one of the largest and most prosperous states in Europe. The commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighbouring countriesgradually dismantled it between 1772 and 1795, with theRussian Empire annexing most of Lithuania's territory.
Towards the end ofWorld War I, Lithuaniadeclared independence in 1918, founding the modern Republic of Lithuania. InWorld War II, Lithuania was occupiedby the Soviet Union, thenby Nazi Germany, before beingreoccupied by the Soviets in 1944.Lithuanian armed resistance to the Soviet occupation lasted until the early 1950s. On 11 March 1990, a year before the formaldissolution of the Soviet Union, Lithuania became the first Soviet republic to break away when itproclaimed the restoration of its independence. (Full article...)

Thenational flag ofLithuania (Lithuanian:Lietuvos vėliava) consists of a horizontaltricolour of yellow, green, and red. It was adopted on 25 April 1918 during Lithuania's first period of independence (1918–1940), which ceased with the occupation first by theSoviet Union, and then byNazi Germany (1941–1944). During the post-World War II Soviet occupation, from 1945 until 1988, theFlag of the Lithuanian SSR consisted first of a generic redSoviet flag with the name of the republic, in 1953 that was changed to the red flag with white and green bands at the bottom.
The flag was then re-adopted on 18 November 1988, about 1.5 years before there-establishment of Lithuania's independence and almost three years before thecollapse of the Soviet Union. The last alteration to the current flag occurred in 2004, when theaspect ratio changed from 1:2 to 3:5. (Full article...)


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| Public holidays in Lithuania | |||
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| Date | English name | Local name | Remarks |
| 1 January | New Year's Day | Naujųjų metų diena | |
| 16 February | Day of Restoration of the State of Lithuania (1918) | Lietuvos valstybės atkūrimo diena | |
| 11 March | Day of Restoration of Independence of Lithuania (1990) | Lietuvos nepriklausomybės atkūrimo diena | |
| Moveable Sunday | Easter Sunday | Velykos | Commemorates resurrection of Jesus. The first Sunday after the full moon that occurs on or soonest after 21 March. |
| The day afterEaster Sunday | Easter Monday | Antroji Velykų diena | |
| 1 May | International Workers' Day | Tarptautinė darbo diena | |
| First Sunday in May | Mother's Day | Motinos diena | |
| First Sunday in June | Father's Day | Tėvo diena | |
| 24 June | St. John's Day / Day of Dew | Joninės / Rasos | Celebrated according to mostly pagan traditions (Midsummer Day,Saint Jonas Day). |
| 6 July | Statehood Day | Valstybės (Lietuvos karaliaus Mindaugo karūnavimo) ir Tautiškos giesmės diena | Celebrates the 1253 coronation ofMindaugas, the firstKing of Lithuania, and thenational anthem ofLithuania. |
| 15 August | Assumption Day | Žolinė (Švenčiausios Mergelės Marijos ėmimo į dangų diena) | Also marked according to pagan traditions, celebrating the goddessŽemyna and noting the mid-August as the middle between summer and autumn. |
| 1 November | All Saints' Day | Visų šventųjų diena | Halloween is increasingly popular and is also informally celebrated on the eve (31 October). |
| 2 November | All Souls' Day | Mirusiųjų atminimo (Vėlinių) diena | |
| 24 December | Christmas Eve | Kūčios | |
| 25 and 26 December | Christmas | Kalėdos | Commemorates birth of Jesus. |
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