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Liberalism is apolitical andmoral philosophy based on therights of the individual,liberty,consent of the governed,political equality,right to private property, andequality before the law. Different liberals espouse various and sometimes conflicting views depending on their understanding of these principles but generally supportliberal democracy,private property,market economies, individual rights (includingcivil rights andhuman rights),secularism,rule of law,economic andpolitical freedom,freedom of speech,freedom of the press,freedom of assembly, andfreedom of religion. Liberalism is frequently cited as the dominantideology ofmodern history.

Liberalism became a distinctmovement in theAge of Enlightenment, gaining popularity amongWestern philosophers andeconomists. Liberalism sought to replace thenorms ofhereditary privilege,state religion,absolute monarchy, thedivine right of kings andtraditional conservatism withrepresentative democracy, rule of law, and equality under the law. Liberals also endedmercantilist policies,royal monopolies, and othertrade barriers, instead promotingfree trade and marketization. The philosopherJohn Locke is often credited with founding liberalism as a distinct tradition based on thesocial contract, arguing that each man has anatural right tolife, liberty and property, and governments must not violate theserights. While theBritish liberal tradition emphasized expanding democracy,French liberalism emphasized rejectingauthoritarianism and is linked tonation-building. (Full article...)

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TheLiberal Alliance (LA;Danish:[lipəˈʁɑˀlæliˈɑŋsə]) is aclassical liberal andright-libertarian political party in Denmark. The party is a component of thecentre-right bloc inDanish politics. The party's platform is based uponeconomic liberalism, promotion oftax cuts, reduction ofwelfare programmes, socially libertarian policies, and a pragmatic, but oppositional stance towardsEuropean integration.

From November 2016 to June 2019, the Liberal Alliance (I) was part of theLars Løkke Rasmussen III Cabinet a three-party coalition government, alongsideLiberal Party (Danish:Venstre) and theConservative People's Party (Danish:Det Konservative Folkeparti). At the2022 Danish general election, the party won 14 seats. It has 15 seats afterPernille Vermund chose to join the party. (Full article...)

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Thomas Hill Green (7 April 1836 – 26 March 1882), known asT. H. Green, was an Englishphilosopher, politicalradical andtemperance reformer, and a member of theBritish idealism movement. Like all the British idealists, Green was influenced by themetaphysical historicism ofG. W. F. Hegel. He was one of the thinkers behind the philosophy ofsocial liberalism. (Full article...)

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The despotism of custom is everywhere the standing hindrance to human advancement, being in unceasingantagonism to that disposition to aim at something better than customary, which is called, according to circumstances, the spirit ofliberty, or that of progress or improvement. The spirit of improvement is not always a spirit of liberty, for it may aim at forcing improvements on an unwilling people; and the spirit of liberty, in so far as it resists such attempts, may ally itself locally and temporarily with the opponents of improvement; but the only unfailing and permanent source of improvement is liberty, since by it there are as many possible independent centres of improvement as there are individuals. The progressive principle, however, in either shape, whether as the love of liberty or of improvement, is antagonistic to the sway of Custom, involving at least emancipation from thatyoke; and the contest between the two constitutes the chief interest of the history of mankind. The greater part of the world has, properly speaking, no history, because the despotism of Custom is complete. This is the case over the wholeEast. Custom is there, in all things, the final appeal; justice and right mean conformity to custom; the argument of custom no one, unless some tyrant intoxicated with power, thinks of resisting. And we see the result. Those nations must once have had originality; they did not start out of the ground populous, lettered, and versed in many of the arts of life; they made themselves all this, and were then the greatest and most powerful nations in the world. What are they now? The subjects or dependants of tribes whose forefathers wandered in the forests when theirs had magnificent palaces and gorgeous temples, but over whom custom exercised only a divided rule with liberty and progress. A people, it appears, may be progressive for a certain length of time, and then stop: when does it stop? When it ceases to possess individuality. If a similar change should befall the nations ofEurope, it will not be in exactly the same shape: the despotism of custom with which these nations are threatened is not precisely stationariness. It proscribes singularity, but it does not preclude change, provided all change together. We have discarded the fixed costumes of ourforefathers; every one must still dress like other people, but thefashion may change once or twice a year. We thus take care that when there is change, it shall be for change's sake, and not from any idea of beauty or convenience; for the same idea of beauty or convenience would not strike all the world at the same moment, and be simultaneously thrown aside by all at another moment. But we are progressive as well as changeable: we continually make new inventions in mechanical things, and keep them until they are again superseded by better; we are eager for improvement inpolitics, ineducation, even inmorals, though in this last our idea of improvement chiefly consists in persuading or forcing other people to be as good as ourselves. It is not progress that we object to; on the contrary, we flatter ourselves that we are the most progressive people who ever lived. It isindividuality that we war against: we should think we had done wonders if we had made ourselves all alike; forgetting that the unlikeness of one person to another is generally the first thing which draws the attention of either to the imperfection of his own type, and the superiority of another, or the possibility, by combining the advantages of both, of producing something better than either. We have a warning example inChina—a nation of much talent, and, in some respects, even wisdom, owing to the rare good fortune of having been provided at an early period with a particularly good set of customs, the work, in some measure, of men to whom even the most enlightened European must accord, under certain limitations, the title of sages and philosophers. They are remarkable, too, in the excellence of their apparatus for impressing, as far as possible, the best wisdom they possess upon every mind in the community, and securing that those who have appropriated most of it shall occupy the posts of honour and power. Surely the people who did this have discovered the secret of human progressiveness, and must have kept themselves steadily at the head of the movement of the world. On the contrary, they have become stationary—have remained so for thousands of years; and if they are ever to be farther improved, it must be by foreigners. They have succeeded beyond all hope in what English philanthropists are so industriously working at—in making a people all alike, all governing their thoughts and conduct by the same maxims and rules; and these are thefruits. The modern régime of public opinion is, in an unorganised form, what the Chinese educational and political systems are in an organised; and unless individuality shall be able successfully to assert itself against this yoke, Europe, notwithstanding its noble antecedents and its professedChristianity, will tend to become another China.

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—John Stuart Mill,On Liberty, 1859.

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The following are images from various liberalism-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Pamphlet calling fora protest of economic policy in 1983 followingthe economic crisis (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 2John Locke was the first to develop a liberal philosophy, including theright to private property and theconsent of the governed. (fromLiberalism)
Image 3U.S. President Bush, Canadian PM Mulroney, and Mexican President Salinas participate in the ceremonies to sign the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 4Gustave de Molinari (fromLiberalism)
Image 5Builders inWest Berlin, 1952 (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 6TheEuropean Union–Mercosur free trade agreement, which would form one of the world's largestfree trade areas, has been denounced by environmental activists and indigenous rights campaigners. (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 7Montesquieu, who argued for theseparation of the powers of government (fromLiberalism)
Image 8Julius Faucher (fromLiberalism)
Image 9Wealth inequality in the United States increased from 1989 to 2013. (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 10United States incarceration rate per 100,000 population, 1925–2014 (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 11Mary Wollstonecraft, widely regarded as the pioneer ofliberal feminism (fromLiberalism)
Image 12John Stuart Mill, whoseOn Liberty greatly influenced 19th-century liberalism (fromLiberalism)
Image 13John Milton'sAreopagitica (1644) argued for the importance offreedom of speech. (fromLiberalism)
Image 14Madame de Staël (fromLiberalism)
Image 15Ronald Reagan (left) andMargaret Thatcher (right) were responsible for the popularisation of Neoliberalism. (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 16Chilean (orange) and average Latin American (blue) rates of growth ofGDP (1971–2007) (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 17The2017–2018 Russian protests were organized by Russia's liberal opposition. (fromLiberalism)
Image 18T. H. Green, an influentialliberal philosopher who established inProlegomena to Ethics (1884) the first major foundations for what later became known aspositive liberty and in a few years, his ideas became theofficial policy of theLiberal Party inBritain, precipitating the rise ofsocial liberalism and the modernwelfare state (fromLiberalism)
Image 19As aliberal nationalist,K. J. Ståhlberg (1865–1952), thePresident of Finland, anchored the state inliberal democracy, guarded the fragile germ of therule of law, and embarked on internal reforms. (fromLiberalism)
Image 20Sismondi, who wrote the first critique of the free market from a liberal perspective in 1819 (fromLiberalism)
Image 21Member nations of theInternational Monetary Fund (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 22GDP per capita in Chile and Latin America 1950–2010 (time under Pinochet highlighted) (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 23John Maynard Keynes, one of the most influential economists of modern times and whose ideas, which are stillwidely felt, formalized modern liberal economic policy (fromLiberalism)
Image 24TheUS federal minimum wage if it had kept pace with productivity compared to the actual wage (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 25TheGreat Depression, with its periods of worldwide economic hardship, formed the backdrop against which theKeynesian Revolution took place (the image isDorothea Lange'sMigrant Mother depiction of destitutepea-pickers in California, taken in March 1936). (fromLiberalism)
Image 26Friedrich Hayek (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 27Ludwig Erhard (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 28The iconic paintingLiberty Leading the People byEugène Delacroix, a tableau of theJuly Revolution in 1830 (fromLiberalism)
Image 29Monument to the liberals of the 19th century in Agra del Orzán neighborhood,La Coruña,Galicia (Spain) (fromLiberalism)
Image 30Unemployment in Chile and South America (1980–1990) (fromNeoliberalism)
Image 31Execution of José María de Torrijos y Uriarte and his men in 1831 as Spanish KingFerdinand VII tookrepressive measures against the liberal forces in his country (fromLiberalism)
Image 32Raif Badawi, aSaudi Arabian writer and the creator of the website Free Saudi Liberals, who was sentenced to ten years in prison and 1,000 lashes for "insulting Islam" in 2014 (fromLiberalism)
Image 33Benjamin Constant, a Franco-Swiss political activist and theorist (fromLiberalism)
Image 34Franklin D. Roosevelt (fromLiberalism)
Image 35Per capita income during theGreat Depression (fromNeoliberalism)

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