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Portal:Latin America

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Latin America (Spanish andPortuguese:América Latina;French:Amérique Latine) is the cultural region of theAmericas whereRomance languages are predominantly spoken, primarilySpanish andPortuguese. Latin America is defined according to cultural identity, not geography, and as such it includes countries in both North andSouth America. Most countries south of the United States tend to be included:Mexico and the countries ofCentral America,South America and theCaribbean. Commonly, it refers toHispanic America plusBrazil. Related terms are the narrowerHispanic America, which exclusively refers to Spanish-speaking nations, and the broaderIbero-America, which includes all Iberic countries in the Americas and occasionally European countries like Spain, Portugal andAndorra. English- andDutch-speaking countries and territories, although in the same geographical region, are excluded (Suriname,Guyana, theFalkland Islands,Jamaica,Trinidad and Tobago,Belize, etc.).

The termLatin America was first introduced in 1856 at a Paris conference titled, literally,Initiative of the Americas: Idea for a Federal Congress of the Republics (Iniciativa de la América. Idea de un Congreso Federal de las Repúblicas). Chilean politicianFrancisco Bilbao coined the term to unify countries with shared cultural and linguistic heritage. It gained further prominence during the 1860s under the rule ofNapoleon III, whose government sought to justify France's intervention in theSecond Mexican Empire. (Full article...)

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TheEmpire of Brazil (Portuguese:Império do Brasil) was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modernBrazil andUruguay until the latter achieved independence in 1828. The empire's government was arepresentative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of EmperorsPedro I and his sonPedro II. Acolony of theKingdom of Portugal, Brazil became the seat of thePortuguese Empire in 1808, when the Portuguese Prince regent, later King DomJohn VI, fled fromNapoleon'sinvasion of Portugal andestablished himself and his government in the Brazilian city ofRio de Janeiro. John VI later returned to Portugal, leaving his eldest son and heir-apparent, Pedro, to rule theKingdom of Brazil as regent. On 7 September 1822, Pedro declared theindependence of Brazil and, after waging a successfulwar against his father's kingdom, was acclaimed on 12 October as Pedro I, the first Emperor of Brazil. The new country was huge, sparsely populated, and ethnically diverse.

Unlike most of the neighboringHispanic American republics, Brazil had political stability, vibrant economic growth, constitutionally guaranteed freedom of speech, and respect for civil rights of its subjects, albeit with legal restrictions on women and slaves, the latter regarded as property and not citizens. The Empire's bicameral parliament was elected under comparatively democratic methods for the era, as were the provincial and local legislatures. This led to a long ideological conflict between Pedro I and a sizable parliamentary faction over the role of the monarch in the government. He also had to face other obstacles. The unsuccessfulCisplatine War against the neighboringUnited Provinces of the Río de la Plata in 1828 led to the secession of the province ofCisplatina (later to become Uruguay). In 1826, despite his role in Brazilian independence, he became the king of Portugal; he abdicated the Portuguese throne in favor ofMaria, his eldest daughter. Two years later, she was usurped by Pedro I's younger brotherMiguel. Unable to deal with both Brazilian and Portuguese affairs, Pedro Iabdicated his Brazilian throne on 7 April 1831 and immediately departed for Europe torestore his daughter to the Portuguese throne. (Full article...)

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More did you know -show different entries

... thatRoma producerGabriela Rodríguez is the firstLatin American woman to be nominated for anAcademy Award for Best Picture?

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WikiProjects

WikiProject South America
WikiProject Latin America(semi-active)

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Theforeign policy of the Ollanta Humala concerns the policy initiatives made towards other states by the formerPresident of Peru, in difference to past, or future, Peruvian foreign policy as represented by his Foreign MinisterRafael Roncagliolo.Humala's foreign policy was based on relations with other states of theAmericas. (Full article...)

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... that UK prime minister Rishi Sunak complained when a joint declaration was made ata summit between the EU and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States that used the termIslas Malvinas?
... that Tural, the setting of the expansion packFinal Fantasy XIV: Dawntrail, is inspired by Latin America and Southeast Asia?
... thatAntonio Oteiza was a missionary in Latin America but from 1961 focused on creating religious art, which he felt had more impact than sermons?
... thatDiana Vicezar created recycled housing forstreet dogs, a recruitment platform for international students, and a podcast about Latin American students in Ireland?

General images

The following are images from various Latin America-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Fidel Castro and his men in theSierra Maestra, 2 December 1956 (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 2Exhumation of corpses in the aftermath of theGuatemalan genocide (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 3Comandanta Ramona of theZapatista Army of National Liberation, Mexico (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 4Plaquita, a Dominican street version of cricket. The Dominican Republic was first introduced to cricket through mid-18th century British contact, but switched to baseball after the1916 American occupation. (fromCulture of Latin America)
Image 5Holy week, Ouro Preto-MG, 2010. Chrome. Photo:Guy Veloso. (fromCulture of Latin America)
Image 6In blue countries under right-wing governments and in red countries under left-wing and centre-left governments as of 2023 (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 7TheBasilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida is the second largest in the world, after only of theBasilica of Saint Peter inVatican City. (fromCulture of Latin America)
Image 8Left-leaning leaders of Bolivia, Brazil and Chile at theUnion of South American Nations summit in 2008 (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 9TheGuadalajara International Film Festival is considered the most prestigious film festival in Latin America. (fromCulture of Latin America)
Image 10A 17th-century map of the Americas (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 11Ethnic distribution by country. (fromCulture of Latin America)
Image 12PopePaul VI and Salvadoran clericOscar Romero (now St Oscar Romero) (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 13Mexican Stock Exchange (fromCulture of Latin America)
Image 14Chilean dictatorAugusto Pinochet and U.S. Secretary of StateHenry Kissinger (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 15Che Guevara Cuban revolutionary poster (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 16Agrarian reform poster, Guatemala 1952 (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 17Instituto Arnoldo Gabaldón, declared August 30, 1984, as a National Historic Landmark (fromCulture of Latin America)
Image 18Thejoropo, as depicted in a 1912 drawing byEloy Palacios (fromCulture of Latin America)
Image 19Fiambre, Guatemalan traditional dish, eaten on November 1, theDay of the Dead (fromCulture of Latin America)
Image 20Roll-on/roll-offships, such as this one pictured here atMiraflores locks, are among the largest ships to pass through thePanama Canal. The canal cuts across the Isthmus ofPanama and is a key conduit for international maritime trade. (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 21The nameAugusto Sandino, Nicaraguan nationalist hero for his struggle against the United States, was taken by leftist guerrillas as theSandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 221903 political cartoon: President Roosevelt intimidatingColombia to acquire thePanama Canal Zone. (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 23Monument toCuauhtémoc,Mexico City (fromCulture of Latin America)
Image 24Intermediate level international-style Latin dancing at the 2006 MIT ballroom dance competition. A judge stands in the foreground. (fromCulture of Latin America)
Image 25Villa de Leyva, a historical and cultural landmark of Colombia (fromCulture of Latin America)
Image 26Calls for justice in the wake of theGuatemalan genocide (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 27Countries in Latin America by date of independence (fromHistory of Latin America)
Image 28Map of Countries in Latin America with Socialist regimes during the Cold Warc. 1985 (fromHistory of Latin America)

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Selected panorama

Credit:Martin St-Amant

Panorama of theIguazú Falls, in the Brazilian side. Walkways allow close views of the falls from bothBrazil andArgentina. The falls, anUNESCO World Heritage Site, are located on the border of theBrazilian State ofParaná and theArgentine Province ofMisiones.

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Gaucho

Credit: Library of Congress

Portrait of anArgentinegaucho, a term commonly used to describe residents of theSouth American pampas,chacos, orPatagonian grasslands, found principally in parts ofArgentina,Uruguay,Southern Chile, andSouthern Brazil.

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Territories(inbold),dependencies, andsubnational entities of a country not located primarily in Latin America areitalicized.

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Latin America on Wikiquote	Latin America on Wikibooks	Latin America on Wikisource	Latin America on Wiktionary	Latin America on Wikinews	Latin America on Wikimedia Commons
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