The Autobiography of Malcolm X is anautobiography written byMuslim American minister and activistMalcolm X in collaboration with American journalistAlex Haley. It was released posthumously on October 29, 1965, nine months after hisassassination. Haleycoauthored the book based on a series of in-depth interviews he conducted between 1963 and 1965. TheAutobiography is areligious conversion narrative which outlines Malcolm X's philosophy ofBlack pride,Black nationalism, andpan-Africanism. After Malcolm X was killed, Haley wrote the book's epilogue, which describes their collaborative process and the events at the end of Malcolm's life.
While Malcolm X and scholars contemporary to its publication regarded Haley as the book'sghostwriter, modern scholars tend to regard him as an essential collaborator who intentionally muted his authorial voice in order to create the effect of Malcolm X speaking directly to readers. Haley influenced some of Malcolm X's stylistic choices. For example, Malcolm X left theNation of Islam during the period when he was working on the book with Haley. Rather than rewriting earlier chapters as apolemic against the Nation, which Malcolm X had rejected, Haley persuaded him to favor a style of "suspense and drama". According to biographerManning Marable, "Haley was particularly worried about what he viewed as Malcolm X'santi-Semitism" and rewrote material to eliminate it. (Full article...)
Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, also known asRhazes (full name:أبو بکر محمد بن زکریاء الرازي,Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyāʾ al-Rāzī), 864 or 865 – 925 or 935 CE, was a Persian physician, philosopher and alchemist who lived during theIslamic Golden Age. He is widely regarded as one of the most important figures in the history of medicine, and also wrote onlogic,astronomy andgrammar. He is also known for hiscriticism of religion, especially with regard to the concepts ofprophethood andrevelation. However, thereligio-philosophical aspects of his thought, which also included a belief in five "eternal principles", are fragmentary and only reported by authors who were often hostile to him.
A comprehensive thinker, al-Razi made fundamental and enduring contributions to various fields, which he recorded in over 200 manuscripts, and is particularly remembered for numerous advances in medicine through hisobservations and discoveries. An early proponent ofexperimental medicine, he became a successful doctor, and served as chief physician ofBaghdad andRay hospitals. As a teacher ofmedicine, he attracted students of all backgrounds and interests and was said to be compassionate and devoted to the service of his patients, whether rich or poor. Along withThābit ibn Qurra (836–901), he was one of the first to clinically distinguish betweensmallpox andmeasles. (Full article...)
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Malcolm X in 1963
Malcolm X (bornMalcolm Little, laterel-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was anAfrican American revolutionary andBlack nationalist leader who rose from a background of poverty, family disruption, and criminal activity to a prominent figure during thecivil rights movement untilhis assassination in 1965. He discovered the religious organization theNation of Islam while in prison and served as its spokesperson from 1952 until 1964. He was also a vocal advocate forBlack empowerment and the promotion ofIslam within the African American community. A controversial figure accused of preaching violence, Malcolm X is also a celebrated figure withBlack people andMuslims worldwide for his pursuit ofracial justice.
Malcolm spent his adolescence living in a series offoster homes and with various relatives, after his father's death and his mother's hospitalization. He committed various crimes, being sentenced to eight to ten years in prison in 1946 forlarceny and burglary. In prison, he joined the Nation of Islam, adopting the name Malcolm X to symbolize his unknown African ancestral surname while discarding "the whiteslavemaster name of 'Little'", and after his parole in 1952, he quickly became one of the organization's most influential leaders. He was the public face of the organization for 12 years, advocating black empowerment andseparation of Black and white Americans, as well as criticizingMartin Luther King Jr. and the mainstream civil rights movement for its emphasis on non-violence andracial integration. Malcolm X also expressed pride in some of the Nation's social welfare achievements, such as its freedrug rehabilitation program. From the 1950s onward, Malcolm X was subjected to surveillance by theFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). (Full article...)
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The Great Mosque's signature trio of minarets overlooks the central market of Djenné.
Alchemists attempted to purify, mature, and perfect certain materials. Common aims werechrysopoeia, the transmutation of "base metals" (e.g.,lead) into "noble metals" (particularlygold); the creation of anelixir of immortality; and the creation ofpanaceas able to cure any disease. The perfection of the human body andsoul was thought to result from the alchemicalmagnum opus ("Great Work"). The concept of creating thephilosophers' stone was variously connected with all of these projects. (Full article...)
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Noah's Ark (1846), by the American folk painterEdward Hicks
The story in Genesis is based on earlierMesopotamianflood myths. The myth of the global flood that destroys all life begins to appear in theOld Babylonian Empire period (20th–16th centuries BCE). The version closest to the biblical story of Noah, as well as its most likely source, is that ofUtnapishtim in theEpic of Gilgamesh. Scholars note shared themes, dimensions, and language but different causes for the flood. Scholars also link its structure to theJewish Temple. (Full article...)
Originally, mosques were simple places of prayer for theearly Muslims, and may have been open spaces rather than elaborate buildings. In the first stage ofIslamic architecture (650–750 CE), early mosques comprised open and closed covered spaces enclosed by walls, often withminarets, from which theIslamic call to prayer was issued on a daily basis. It is typical of mosque buildings to have a special ornamental niche (amihrab) set into the wall in the direction of the city ofMecca (theqibla), which Muslims must face during prayer, as well as a facility for ritual cleansing (wudu). The pulpit (minbar), from which public sermons (khutbah) are delivered on the event ofFriday prayer, was, in earlier times, characteristic of the central city mosque, but has since become common in smaller mosques. To varying degrees, mosque buildings are designed so that there aresegregated spaces for men and women. This basic pattern of organization has assumed different forms depending on the region, period, andIslamic denomination. (Full article...)
Throughoutits long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice,besieged 23 times, captured and recaptured 44 times, and attacked 52 times. The part of Jerusalem called theCity of David shows first signs of settlement in the 4th millennium BCE, in the shape of encampments of nomadic shepherds. During theCanaanite period (14th century BCE) Jerusalem was named asUrusalim onancient Egyptian tablets, probably meaning "City ofShalem" after aCanaanite deity. During theIsraelite period, significant construction activity in Jerusalem began in the 10th century BCE (Iron Age II), and by the 9th century BCE the city had developed into the religious and administrative centre of theKingdom of Judah. In 1538 thecity walls were rebuilt for a last time around Jerusalem underSuleiman the Magnificent of theOttoman Empire. Today those walls define theOld City, which since the 19th century has been divided into four quarters—theArmenian,Christian,Jewish andMuslim quarters. The Old City became aWorld Heritage Site in 1981, and is on theList of World Heritage in Danger. Since 1860Jerusalem has grown far beyond the Old City's boundaries. In 2023 Jerusalem had apopulation of 1,028,366.[1] In 2022 60% were Jews and almost 40% were Palestinians. In 2020 the population was 951,100, of which Jews comprised 570,100 (59.9%), Muslims 353,800 (37.2%), Christians 16,300 (1.7%) and 10,800 unclassified (1.1%). (Full article...)
Image 1ABedouin woman inJerusalem, sometime between 1898 and 1914, dressed inPalestinian costume, the traditionalclothing worn byPalestinians. Many of the handcrafted garments were richlyembroidered and the creation and maintenance of these items played a significant role in the lives of the region's women. Until the 1940s, traditional Palestinian costumes reflected a woman's economic status, whether married or single, and the town or district of origin, and a knowledgeable observer could glean such information from thefabric, colors, cut, and embroidery motifs (or lack thereof) in a given woman's apparel.
Image 6A young woman fromRamallah, c. 1898-1914. Until the 1940s, women ofPalestine wore elaborate handcraftedgarments. The creation and maintenance of these items played a significant role in their lives. A knowledgeable observer could determine a woman's village of origin and social status from her clothing. The circular band near this woman's forehead is a ring of coins made from a portion of herdowry money, and indicates that she is unmarried.
Image 7TheSixty Dome Mosque is a medievalmosque located inBagerhat, Bangladesh, built by Muslim saintKhan Jahan Ali in mid 15th century. This unique masonry mosque with 81 domes (including 4 corner domes) is a UNESCO world heritage site.
Image 10TheFaisal Mosque (Urdu:فیصل مسجد) is amosque located inIslamabad,Pakistan. It is Located on the foothills ofMargalla Hills inIslamabad, the mosque features a contemporary design consisting of eight sides of concrete shell and is inspired by aBedouin tent, and is considered to be the city's main Landmark.
9 February 1912 -Muhammadiyah organization's central board and provincial chiefs endorse presidential campaign of its former chairman, sparking controversy inIslam in Indonesia
An Islamic State suicide bomber detonates explosives at a hideout inAl-Qa'im District, Iraq, during an attempted arrest, killing himself and injuring two security officers.(AP)
Selected biography
Uzair is a figure who is mentioned in theQuran, SurahAt-Tawba, verse9:30, which states that he was revered by theJews as "the son of God". Uzair is most often identified with the biblicalEzra. Modern historians have described the reference as "enigmatic", since such views have not been found in Jewish sources. Islamic scholars have interpreted the Quranic reference in different ways, with some explaining that it alluded to a specific group of Jews. According toIbn Kathir, Uzair lived between the times of KingSolomon and the time ofZachariah, father ofJohn the Baptist. Some Quranic commentators viewed Uzayr as a learned scholar who sought to teach the people the forgotten laws of God. The modern Quranic exegesis of Abul Ala Maududi states,"Uzair (Ezra) lived during the period around 450 B.C. The Jews regarded him with great reverence as the revivalist of their Scriptures which had been lost during their captivity in Babylon after the death of Prophet Solomon. So much so that they had lost all the knowledge of their Law, their traditions and of Hebrew, their national language. Then it was Ezra who re-wrote the Old Testament and revived the Law. That is why they used very exaggerated language in his reverence which misled some of the Jewish sects to make him 'the son of God'. The Qur'an, however, does not assert that all the Jews were unanimous in declaring Ezra as 'the son of God'. What it intends to say is that the perversion in the articles of faith of the Jews concerning Allah had degenerated to such an extent that there were some amongst them who considered Ezra as the son of God".
And we will turn our motherland into the graveyard of the U.S forces and their families should wait for their dead bodies. The Taliban's war is only for the freedom of Afghanistan from the enemies of Muslims.
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