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Indonesia, officially theRepublic of Indonesia, is a country inSoutheast Asia andOceania, between theIndian andPacific oceans. Comprising over17,000 islands, includingSumatra,Java,Sulawesi, and parts ofBorneo andNew Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largestarchipelagic state and the14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). Indonesia has significant areas of wilderness that support one of theworld's highest levels of biodiversity. It sharesland borders withPapua New Guinea,Timor-Leste, andMalaysia, as well asmaritime borders with seven other countries, includingAustralia,Singapore, and thePhilippines.
TheIndonesian archipelago has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with early human presence evidenced by fossils ofHomo erectus andHomo sapiens, and megalithic sites. By the early second millennium, it had become a crossroads for internationaltrade linking East and South Asia. Over the centuries, external influences—includingHinduism,Buddhism and laterIslam—were absorbed into local societies, which introduced lasting cultural and religious influences. European powers later competed to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands ofMaluku during theAge of Discovery, followed by three and a half centuries ofDutch colonial rule, before Indonesiaproclaimed its independence afterWorld War II.
Indonesian society comprises hundreds ofethnic andlinguistic groups, withJavanese forming the largest. National identity is unified under the mottoBhinneka Tunggal Ika, reflected by anational language alongside cultural and religious pluralism. Anewly industrialised country, Indonesia has the largestnational economy in Southeast Asia by GDP. The country plays an active role in regional and global affairs as amiddle power and is a member of major multilateral organisations, including theUnited Nations,G20, theNon-Aligned Movement,ASEAN, and theOrganisation of Islamic Cooperation. (Full article...)
Therupiah (symbol:Rp;currency code:IDR) is the official currency ofIndonesia, issued and controlled byBank Indonesia. Its name is derived from theSanskrit word forsilver,rupyakam (रूप्यकम्). Sometimes,Indonesians also informally use the wordperak ('silver' inIndonesian) in referring to rupiah in coins. The rupiah is divided into 100cents (Indonesian:sen), although high inflation has rendered all coins and banknotes denominated in cents obsolete.
The rupiah was introduced in 1946 by Indonesian nationalistsfighting for independence. It replaced theJapanese-issued version of theNetherlands Indies gulden which had been introduced during theJapanese occupation inWorld War II. In its early years, the rupiah was used in conjunction with other currencies, including a new version of the gulden introduced by the Dutch. TheRiau Islands and the Indonesian half of New Guinea (Irian Barat) had their own variants of the rupiah, but these were subsumed into the national rupiah in 1964 and 1971, respectively (seeRiau rupiah andWest Irian rupiah). (Full article...)
Photographer:MichaelJLowe; License:Creative Commons CC-BY-SA 2.5
Krupuk (Indonesian pronunciation:[/kruˈpʊk/]), also known askeropok (Malay pronunciation:[/kəˈro.poʔ/]) andkropek (Filipino pronunciation:[/ˈkro.pɛk/]) refers to traditionaldeep-fried crackers made fromstarch combined with flavouring ingredients such asprawn,fish or otherseafood. The food has long-standing traditions throughoutmaritime Southeast Asia and neighbouring coastal regions, particularly inIndonesia,Malaysia, thePhilippines, southernThailand,Brunei andSingapore. (Full article...)
Lie Kim Hok (Chinese:李金福;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Lí Kim-hok;pinyin:Lǐ Jīnfú; 1 November 1853 – 6 May 1912) was aperanakan Chinese teacher, writer, andsocial worker active in theDutch East Indies and styled the "father ofChinese Malay literature".
Born in Buitenzorg (nowBogor),West Java, Lie received his formal education in missionary schools and by the 1870s was fluent inSundanese,vernacular Malay, andDutch, though he was unable to understandChinese. In the mid-1870s he married and began working as the editor of two periodicals published by his teacher and mentor D. J. van der Linden. Lie left the position in 1880. His wife died the following year. Lie published his first books, including the critically acclaimedsyair (poem)Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari and grammar bookMalajoe Batawi, in 1884. When van der Linden died the following year, Lie purchased the printing press and opened his own company. (Full article...)
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