Photo credit:NASA/TRACE
Plasma being channeled by themagnetic field loops of asunspot.

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  Image 1Burning of natural gas coming out of the ground (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 2Museum Hydroelectric power plant "Under the Town" inUžice,Serbia, built in 1900 (fromHydroelectricity)
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  Image 3For cooking,electric induction stoves are one of the most energy-efficient and safest options. (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 4Nuclear fuel assemblies being inspected before entering apressurized water reactor in the United States (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 5Enhanced geothermal system 1: Reservoir 2: Pump house 3: Heat exchanger 4: Turbine hall 5: Production well 6: Injection well 7: Hot water to district heating 8: Porous sediments 9: Observation well 10: Crystalline bedrock (fromGeothermal power)
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  Image 6Fire-extinguishing operations after theTexas City refinery explosion (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 7Greenhouse gas emissions per energy source. Solar power is one of the sources with the least greenhouse gas emissions. (fromSolar power)
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  Image 8Schematic flow diagram of a typical crude oil distillation unit as used in petroleum crude oil refineries (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 9The growth of solar PV on a semi-log scale since 1996 (fromSolar power)
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  Image 10Yearly hydro generation by continent (fromHydroelectricity)
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  Image 11Typical composition ofuranium dioxide fuel before and after approximately three years in theonce-through nuclear fuel cycle of aLWR (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 12Deaths caused by use of fossil fuels such as natural gas (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production ofwind energy,nuclear energy orsolar energy (rectangles barely visible in chart). (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 13Jamnagar Refinery, the world's largest oil refinery, inGujarat,India (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 14Buildings in theSolar Settlement at Schlierberg, Germany, produce more energy than they consume. They incorporate rooftop solar panels and are built for maximum energy efficiency. (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 15Actual annual deployments of solar PV vs predictions by the IEA for the period 2002–2016. Predictions have largely and consistently underestimated actual growth. (fromSolar power)
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  Image 16Natural gas processing plant inAderklaa, Lower Austria (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 17Part of theSenftenberg Solarpark, a solarphotovoltaic power plant located on former open-pit mining areas close to the city ofSenftenberg, in Eastern Germany. The 78 MW Phase 1 of the plant was completed within three months. (fromSolar power)
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  Image 18A micro-hydro facility inVietnam (fromHydroelectricity)
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  Image 19Dry cask storage vessels storing spent nuclear fuel assemblies (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 20Sample ofcrude oil (petroleum) (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 21Olkiluoto 3 under construction in 2009. It was the firstEPR, a modernized PWR design, to start construction. (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 22Acceptance of wind and solar facilities in one's community is stronger among U.S. Democrats (blue), while acceptance of nuclear power plants is stronger among U.S. Republicans (red). (fromSolar power)
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  Image 23Yearly solar generation by continent (fromSolar power)
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  Image 24Nuclear waste flasks generated by the United States during the Cold War are stored underground at theWaste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) inNew Mexico. The facility is seen as a potential demonstration for storing spent fuel from civilian reactors. (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 25A comparison oflevelized cost of energy (LCOE) over time for nuclear power and other sources. While wind turbines and solar panels can be mass-produced and thus enjoylearning curve effects, nuclear are almost always one-of-a-kind projects due to the limited number of reactors being built. The source of this chart,Our World in Data notes that the costs presented here is the globalaverage, and these costs were driven up by 2 projects in the United States. The organization recognises that themedian cost of the most exported and produced nuclear energy facility in the 2010s the South KoreanAPR1400, remained "constant", including in export. (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 26The launching ceremony ofUSS Nautilus January 1954. In 1958 it would become the first vessel to reach theNorth Pole. (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 27Passive cooling features, such as thesewindcatcher towers in Iran, bring cool air into buildings without any use of energy. (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 28Electricity production by source (fromSolar power)
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  Image 29Neste Oil refinery inPorvoo, Finland (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 30Anti-nuclear protest nearnuclear waste disposal centre atGorleben in northern Germany (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 31Benefitting from favorable policies and declining costs of modules, photovoltaic solar installation has grown consistently. In 2023, China added 60% of the world's new capacity. (fromSolar power)
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  Image 32Honda Civic GX, a natural gas-powered automobile sold in North America from 1998 to 2015 (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 33Electrified transport and renewable energy are key areas of investment for therenewable energy transition. (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 34Reactordecay heat as a fraction of full power after the reactor shutdown, using two different correlations. To remove the decay heat, reactors need cooling after the shutdown of the fission reactions. A loss of the ability to remove decay heat caused theFukushima accident. (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 35TheThree Gorges Dam inCentral China is theworld's largest power-producing facility of any kind. (fromHydroelectricity)
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  Image 36Merowe Dam inSudan. Hydroelectric power stations that usedams submerge large areas of land due to the requirement of areservoir. These changes to land color oralbedo, alongside certain projects that concurrently submerge rainforests, can in these specific cases result in the global warming impact, or equivalentlife-cycle greenhouse gases of hydroelectricity projects, to potentially exceed that of coal power stations. (fromHydroelectricity)
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  Image 37Activity of spent UOx fuel in comparison to the activity of naturaluranium ore over time (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 38Natural gas bus inSalamanca, Spain (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 39Cylinders ofliquified petroleum gas (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 40TheLeibstadt Nuclear Power Plant in Switzerland (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 41Pico hydroelectricity inMondulkiri,Cambodia (fromHydroelectricity)
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  Image 42Global geothermal electric capacity. Upper red line is installed capacity; lower green line is realized production. (fromGeothermal power)
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  Image 43Motor oil (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 44Sample ofkerosene (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 45Refinery, Bayport Industrial Complex, Harris County, Texas (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 46A breakdown of the products made from a typical barrel of US oil (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 47A geothermal power station inNegros Oriental,Philippines (fromGeothermal power)
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  Image 48TheCalder Hall nuclear power station in the United Kingdom, the world's first commercial nuclear power station (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 49A woman in ruralRajasthan, India, collects firewood. Theuse of wood and other polluting fuels for cooking causes millions of deaths each year fromindoor and outdoorair pollution. (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 50The U.S. and Russia have been the predominant producers of natural gas. (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 51Gas network emergency vehicle responding to a major fire inKyiv,Ukraine (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 52Crude oil is separated into fractions byfractional distillation. The fractions at the top of thefractionating column have lowerboiling points than the fractions at the bottom. The heavy bottom fractions are oftencracked into lighter, more useful products. All of the fractions are processed further in other refining units. (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 53Natural gasdrilling rig in Texas, US (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 54Seasonal cycle of capacity factors for wind and photovoltaics in Europe shown under idealized assumptions. The figure illustrates the balancing effects of wind and solar energy at the seasonal scale (Kaspar et al., 2019). (fromSolar power)
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  Image 55Sulphur (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 56TheWarwick Castle water-powered generator house, used for the generation of electricity for the castle from 1894 until 1940 (fromHydroelectricity)
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  Image 57Following the 2011Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the world's worstnuclear accident since 1986, 50,000 households were displaced afterradiation leaked into the air, soil and sea. Radiation checks led to bans of some shipments of vegetables and fish. (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 58Death rates per unit of electricity production for different energy sources (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 59The nuclear fuel cycle begins when uranium is mined, enriched, and manufactured into nuclear fuel (1), which is delivered to anuclear power plant. After use, the spent fuel is delivered to a reprocessing plant (2) or to a final repository (3). Innuclear reprocessing, 95% of spent fuel can potentially be recycled to be returned to use in a power plant (4). (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 60Construction close to high pressure gas transmission pipelines is discouraged, often with standing warning signs. (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 61Pile ofasphalt-covered aggregate for formation intoasphalt concrete (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 62Kenyan dairy farmer lighting a biogas lamp.Biogas produced frombiomass is a renewable energy source that can be burned for cooking or light. (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 63TheHoover Dam in the United States is a large conventional dammed-hydro facility, with an installed capacity of2,080MW. (fromHydroelectricity)
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  Image 64Russia was a keyoil and gas supplier to Europe (map from 2013). This changed with theRussian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. (fromEnergy policy)
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  Image 65Schematic flow diagram of a typical natural gas processing plant (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 66Geothermal power center in theUsulután Department,El Salvador (fromGeothermal power)
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  Image 67Aphotovoltaic power station inCalifornia, United States
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  Image 68The warming influence (calledradiative forcing) of long-lived greenhouse gases has increased substantially in the last 40 years, with carbon dioxide and methane being the dominant drivers of global warming. (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 69Grangemouth Refinery, inScotland (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 70The oil refinery inHaifa, Israel, is capable of processing about 9 million tons (66 million barrels) ofcrude oil a year. Its twocooling towers are landmarks of the city's skyline. (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 71Wind turbines inXinjiang, China
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  Image 72Geothermal generation by country, 2021 (fromGeothermal power)
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  Image 73Manhole for domestic gas supply, London, UK (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 74Natural gas extraction by countries in cubic meters per year around 2013 (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 75Global energy usage is highly unequal. High income countries such as the United States and Canada use 100 times as much energy per capita as some of theleast developed countries in Africa. (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 76Asugarcane plantation to produceethanol in Brazil (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 77A gas bill fromBaltimore, Maryland, 1834, for manufactured coal gas, before the introduction of ground-extracted methane gas. (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 78The status of nuclear power globally (click for legend) (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 79Since 1985, the proportion of electricity generated from low-carbon sources has increased only slightly. Advances in deploying renewables have been mostly offset by declining shares of nuclear power. (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 80Sample ofgasoline (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 81Proportions of the isotopesuranium-238 (blue) and uranium-235 (red) found in natural uranium and inenriched uranium for different applications. Light water reactors use 3–5% enriched uranium, whileCANDU reactors work with natural uranium. (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 82Natural gas burning on a gas stove (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 83TheIkata Nuclear Power Plant, apressurized water reactor that cools by using a secondary coolantheat exchanger with a large body of water, an alternative cooling approach to largecooling towers (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 84Thomas Young - the first to use the term "energy" to refer to kinetic energy in its modern sense, in 1802. (fromHistory of energy)
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  Image 85Countries'proven natural gas reserves (2014), based on data from The World Factbook (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 86Oil refinery inBrod,Republika Srpska (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 87Peoples Gas Manlove Fieldnatural gas storage area inNewcomb Township, Champaign County, Illinois. In the foreground (left) is one of the numerous wells for the underground storage area, with an LNG plant, and above-ground storage tanks are in the background (right). (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 88The outdoor section of aheat pump. In contrast to oil and gas boilers, they use electricity and are highly efficient. As such, electrification of heating can significantly reduce emissions. (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 89Deaths caused as a result offossil fuel use (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production of sustainable energy (rectangles barely visible in chart). (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 90Themulti-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG), used in several space missions such as theCuriosity Mars rover (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 91Baton Rouge Refinery (the sixth-largest in theUnited States) (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 92Storage tanks and towers atShell Puget Sound Refinery (Shell Oil Company),Anacortes, Washington (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 93Yearly geothermal generation by continent (fromGeothermal power)
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  Image 94Map of solar resources from World bank (fromSolar power)
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  Image 95Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of electricity supply technologies, median values calculated byIPCC (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 96Guri Dam, a hydroelectric dam inVenezuela (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 97The location ofshale gas compared to other types of gas deposits (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 98Part of the 354 MWSolar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS)parabolic trough solar complex in northernSan Bernardino County, California (fromSolar power)
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  Image 99Cracks at the historic Town Hall ofStaufen im Breisgau presumed due to damage from geothermal drilling (fromGeothermal power)
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  Image 100Most waste packaging, small-scale experimental fuel recycling chemistry andradiopharmaceutical refinement is conducted within remote-handledhot cells. (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 101Community solar farm in the town ofWheatland, Wisconsin (fromSolar power)
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  Image 102Schematics of a grid-connected residentialPV power system (fromSolar power)
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  Image 103World map showing where people without access to electricity lived in 2016⁠—mainly insub-Saharan Africa and theIndian subcontinent (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 104Several countries and the European Union have committed to dates for all new cars to bezero-emissions vehicles. (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 105Cooling towers at a geothermal power plant inLarderello, Italy
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  Image 106The first light bulbs ever lit by electricity generated by nuclear power atEBR-1 atArgonne National Laboratory-West (now theIdaho National Laboratory), December 20, 1951. (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 107Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System with all three towers under load (fromSolar power)
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  Image 108Hydro generation by country, 2021 (fromHydroelectricity)
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  Image 109The town ofPripyat abandoned since 1986, with the Chernobyl plant and theChernobyl New Safe Confinement arch in the distance (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 110Clean energy investment has benefited from post-pandemic economic recovery, a global energy crisis involving high fossil fuel prices, and growing policy support across various nations. By 2025, investment in the energy transition had grown to about twice that forfossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal). (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 111Sample ofdiesel fuel (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 112The 120-MW_eNesjavellir power station in southwest Iceland (fromGeothermal power)
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  Image 113By 2025, investment in the energy transition had grown to about twice that forfossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal). (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 114Anacortes Refinery, on the north end of March Point southeast ofAnacortes, Washington, United States (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 115China's count of multi-country patent filings has surged since the mid-2010s, leading in batteries and solar, though Europe still dominates in wind energy and smart grids. China also leads in highly cited publications in global peer-reviewed journals. (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 116Example of energy policy decisions: The goal of theSouthern Gas Corridor, which connects the giantShah Deniz gas field inAzerbaijan to Europe, is to reduce Europe's dependency on Russian gas. (fromEnergy policy)
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  Image 117A pipeline odorant injection station (fromNatural gas)
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  Image 118Aparabolic collector concentrates sunlight onto a tube in its focal point. (fromSolar power)
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  Image 119Trends in the top five geothermal electricity-generating countries, 1980–2012 (US EIA) (fromGeothermal power)
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  Image 120Schematic of theITERtokamak under construction in France (fromNuclear power)
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  Image 121Oil refinery in Iran (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 122Measurement of the tailrace and forebay rates at theLimestone Generating Station inManitoba,Canada (fromHydroelectricity)
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  Image 123TheFfestiniog Power Station can generate360MW of electricity within 60 seconds of the demand arising. (fromHydroelectricity)
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  Image 124Refinery ofSlovnaft inBratislava (fromOil refinery)
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  Image 125Utility cycling infrastructure, such as thisbike lane inVancouver, encourages sustainable transport. (fromSustainable energy)
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  Image 126Polyethylene plasticmain being placed in atrench (fromNatural gas)

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