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TheCzech Republic, also known asCzechia and historically known asBohemia, is alandlocked country inCentral Europe. The country is bordered byAustria to the south,Germany to the west,Poland to the northeast, andSlovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,871 square kilometers (30,452 sq mi) with a mostly temperatecontinental andoceanic climate. The capital and largest city isPrague; other major cities and urban areas includeBrno,Ostrava,Plzeň andLiberec.
TheDuchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century underGreat Moravia. It was formally recognized as anImperial Estate of theHoly Roman Empire in 1002 and becamea kingdom in 1198. Following theBattle of Mohács in 1526, all of theLands of the Bohemian Crown were gradually integrated into theHabsburg monarchy. Nearly a hundred years later, theProtestantBohemian Revolt led to theThirty Years' War. After theBattle of White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Crown lands became part of theAustrian Empire.
During the 19th century, theCzech lands underwent significant industrialization. Following the collapse ofAustria-Hungary afterWorld War I, most of the region became part of theFirst Czechoslovak Republic in 1918. Czechoslovakia was the only country in Central and Eastern Europe to remain aparliamentary democracy during the entirety of theinterwar period. After theMunich Agreement in 1938,Nazi Germany systematicallytook control over the Czech lands.Czechoslovakia was restored in 1945 and three years later became anEastern Bloccommunist state following acoup d'état in 1948. Attempts to liberalize the government and economy were suppressed by aSoviet-led invasion of the country during thePrague Spring in 1968. In November 1989, theVelvet Revolution ended communist rule in the country and restoreddemocracy. On 31 December 1992,Czechoslovakia was peacefully dissolved, with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
The Czech Republic is aunitaryparliamentary republic anddeveloped country with anadvanced,high-incomesocial market economy. It is awelfare state with aEuropean social model,universal health care andfree-tuitionuniversity education. It ranks 32nd in theHuman Development Index. The Czech Republic is a member of theUnited Nations,NATO, theEuropean Union, theOECD, theOSCE, theCouncil of Europe and theVisegrád Group. (Full article...)
ThePrague Spring (Czech:Pražské jaro;Slovak:Pražská jar) was a period ofpolitical liberalization and mass protest in theCzechoslovak Socialist Republic. It began on 5 January 1968, whenreformistAlexander Dubček was electedFirst Secretary of theCommunist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), and continued until 21 August 1968, when theSoviet Union and four otherWarsaw Pact members (Bulgaria,East Germany,Hungary andPoland)invaded the country to suppress the reforms.
The Prague Spring reforms were an attempt by Dubček to grant additional rights to the citizens of Czechoslovakia in an act of partialdecentralization of the economy anddemocratization. The freedoms granted included a loosening of restrictions on themedia,speech andtravel. After national discussion of dividing the country into a federation of three republics,Bohemia,Moravia–Silesia andSlovakia, Dubček oversaw the decision to split into two, theCzech Socialist Republic andSlovak Socialist Republic. This dual federation was the only formal change that survived the invasion. (Full article...)
Photographer:Karelj; License: Public domain
Pavel Nedvěd (Czech pronunciation:[ˈpavɛlˈnɛdvjɛt]ⓘ; born 30 August 1972) is a Czech former professionalfootballer who played as amidfielder. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Czech players of all time and he won numerous trophies with Italian clubsLazio andJuventus. He won the last everCup Winners' Cup with Lazio and led Juventus to the2003 UEFA Champions League final.
Nedvěd was a vital player in theCzech team that reached the final ofEuro 1996, after which he attracted the attention of big European clubs. He also captained the team atUEFA Euro 2004, where they were defeated in the semi-final by eventual championsGreece, and Nedvěd was named in the Team of the Tournament. Furthermore, Nedvěd helped his team qualify for the2006 FIFA World Cup for the first time since the breakup of Czechoslovakia. Due to his quick and energetic runs during matches, Nedvěd was nicknamed "Furia Ceca" (lit. 'Czech Fury') by Italian football fans. His nickname in Czech isMéďa (lit. 'Little Bear'), stemming from the similarity between his surname and the Czech word for bear,Medvěd. (Full article...)
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Czech lands:Bohemia •Moravia •Czech Silesia
History:Únětice culture •Boii •Marcomanni •Samo •Great Moravia •Přemyslid dynasty •Lands of the Bohemian Crown •Czech lands (1526–1648) •1648–1867 •1867–1918) •Czechoslovakia •Czech Republic
Geography:Lakes •Protected areas •Regions •Rivers
Law:Judiciary •Law enforcement •Supreme Court of the Czech Republic
Politics:Administrative divisions •Government •Constitution •Elections •Foreign relations •Army •Parliament •Political parties •President •Prime Minister
Economy:Banks •Czech koruna •Energy •Oil and gas deposits •Stock Exchange •Tourism •Transport
Culture:Architecture •Art •Cinema •Cuisine •Demographics •Education •Language •Literature •Media •Music •Philosophy •Prostitution •Public holidays •Religion •Sport •Television •Video games
Symbols:Flag •Coat of arms •National anthem (Kde domov můj)
Lists:Outline of the Czech Republic •List of Czech Republic–related topics
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