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Posthumous portrait
Du Fu (Chinese:杜甫;pinyin:Dù Fǔ;Wade–Giles:Tu Fu; 712–770) was a Chinese poet of theTang dynasty, known as the "Poet-Historian" and the "Poet-Sage". Together withLi Bai, Du is regarded as one of greatest poets in Chinese history. Although he aspired to serve the state as a civil official, he never achieved political success. His life, like that of the Tang dynasty, was profoundly shaped by theAn Lushan Rebellion, and his final years were marked by hardship and displacement. Nearly fifteen hundred of Du’s poems have survived, exerting a profound influence on both Chinese and Japanese literary traditions. (Full article...)
Thedynasty's history is divided into two periods: during the Northern Song (北宋; 960–1127), the capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (nowKaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of what is nowEast China. TheSouthern Song (南宋; 1127–1279) comprised the period followingthe loss of control over the northern half of Song territory to the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in theJin–Song wars. At that time, the Song court retreated south of theYangtze and established its capital atLin'an (nowHangzhou). Although the Song dynasty had lost control of the traditional Chinese heartlands around theYellow River, the Southern Song Empire contained a large population and productive agricultural land, sustaining a robust economy. In 1234, the Jin dynasty wasconquered by the Mongols, who took control of northern China, maintaining uneasy relations with the Southern Song.Möngke Khan, the fourthGreat Khan of theMongol Empire, died in 1259 while besieging the mountain castleDiaoyucheng inChongqing. His younger brotherKublai Khan was proclaimed the new Great Khan and in 1271 founded the Yuan dynasty. After two decades ofsporadic warfare, Kublai Khan's armiesconquered the Song dynasty in 1279 after defeating the Southern Song in theBattle of Yamen, and reunited China under the Yuan dynasty. (Full article...)
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Comparison between Gwoyeu Romatzyh (top) andpinyin (bottom) for Gwoyeu Romatzyh's official name國音字母第二式 ('Second Pattern of the National Alphabet'; middle)
Despite support from linguists both in China and overseas—including some early proponents who hoped it would eventually replaceChinese characters altogether—GR never achieved widespread use among the Chinese public, who generally lacked interest in the system or viewed it with hostility due to its complex spelling rules. In places where GR had gained traction, it was eventually replaced—largely by Hanyu Pinyin, which became the international standard during the 1980s, and which follows principles originally introduced by GR. Widespread adoption of GR was also hindered by its narrow calibration to the Beijing dialect, during a period when China lacked the strong central government needed to impose use of a national spoken language. (Full article...)
Born in Los Angeles to second-generationTaishanese Chinese American parents, Wong became engrossed in films and decided at the age of 11 that she would become an actress. Her first role was as an extra in the movieThe Red Lantern (1919). During the silent film era, she acted inThe Toll of the Sea (1922), one of the first films made in color, and inDouglas Fairbanks'The Thief of Bagdad (1924). Wong became a fashion icon and had achieved international stardom in 1924. Wong had been one of the first to embrace theflapper look. In 1934, the Mayfair Mannequin Society of New York voted her the "world's best dressed woman." In the 1920s and 1930s, Wong was acclaimed as one of the top fashion icons. (Full article...)
After theChinese Communist Revolution, the Party sought to memorialize their achievements through artworks. Dong was commissioned to create a visual representation of the October 1 ceremony, which he had attended. He viewed it as essential that the painting show both the people and their leaders. After working for three months, he completed an oil painting in afolk art style, drawing upon Chinese art history for the contemporary subject. The success of the painting was assured when Mao viewed it and liked it, and it was reproduced in large numbers for display in the home. (Full article...)
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With the pale yellow rump visible.Buryatia, Russia.
Pallas's leaf warbler is one of the smallestPalearcticwarblers, with a relatively large head and short tail. It has greenish upperparts and white underparts, a lemon-yellow rump, and yellow double wingbars,supercilia and centralcrown stripe. It is similar in appearance to several other Asian warblers, including some that were formerly considered to besubspecies of it, although its distinctivevocalisations aid identification. (Full article...)
From 1643 to 1650, political power lay mostly in the hands of theprince regent Dorgon. Under his leadership, the Qing conquered most of the territory of the fallenMing dynasty, chasedMing loyalist regimes deep into the southwestern provinces, and established the basis of Qing rule over China proper despite highly unpopular policies such as the "hair cutting command" of 1645, which forced all Qing male subjects to shave their forehead and braid their remaining hair into aqueue resembling that of theManchus. After Dorgon's death on the last day of 1650, the young Shunzhi Emperor started to rule personally. He tried, with mixed success, to fight corruption and to reduce the political influence of the Manchu nobility. In the 1650s, he faced a resurgence of Ming loyalist resistance, but by 1661 his armies had defeated the Qing's last enemies,Koxinga and thePrince of Gui, both of whom would succumb the following year. (Full article...)
Born inGuiyang Commandery [zh] (in what is nowLeiyang), Cai arrived at the imperial court inLuoyang by 75 CE, where he served as achamberlain forEmperor Ming, and then asXiao Huangmen, an imperial messenger forEmperor Zhang. To assistLady Dou in securing her adopted son asdesignated heir, he interrogatedConsort Song and her sister, who then killed themselves. WhenEmperor He ascended the throne in 88 CE, Dou awarded Cai with two positions:Zhongchang shi [zh], a political counselor to the emperor that was the highest position for eunuchs of the time, and also asShangfang Ling, where Cai oversaw the production of instruments and weapons at the Palace Workshop. (Full article...)
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A statue depicting Zhang Heng at his tomb inNanyang, Henan province, China
Zhang Heng began his career as a minor civil servant inNanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stance on historical and calendrical issues led to his becoming a controversial figure, preventing him from rising to the status of Grand Historian. His political rivalry with the palaceeunuchs during the reign ofEmperor Shun (r. 125–144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator ofHejian Kingdom in present-dayHebei. Zhang returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. (Full article...)
Between theRoman Empire and theHan dynasty, as well as between the laterEastern Roman Empire and varioussuccessive Chinese dynasties, there were (primarily indirect) contacts and flows of trade goods, information, and occasional travellers. These empires inched progressively closer to each other in the course of the Roman expansion intoancient Western Asia and of the simultaneousHan military incursionsinto Central Asia. Mutual awareness remained low, and firm knowledge about each other was limited. Surviving records document only a few attempts at direct contact. Intermediate empires such as theParthians andKushans, seeking to maintain control over the lucrativesilk trade, inhibited direct contact between the two ancientEurasian powers. In 97AD, theChinese generalBan Chao tried to send his envoyGan Ying toRome, butParthians dissuaded Gan from venturing beyond thePersian Gulf. Ancient Chinese historians recorded several alleged Roman emissaries to China. The first one on record, supposedly either from the Roman emperorAntoninus Pius or from his adopted sonMarcus Aurelius, arrived in 166 AD. Others are recorded as arriving in 226 and 284AD, followed by a long hiatus until the first recordedByzantine embassy in 643AD.
The Ming dynasty's founder, theHongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and thenavy's dockyards inNanjing were the largest in the world. He also took great care breaking the power of thecourt eunuchs and unrelated magnates,enfeoffing his many sons throughout China and attempting to guide these princes through theHuang-Ming Zuxun, a set of published dynastic instructions. This failed when his teenage successor, theJianwen Emperor, attempted to curtail his uncle's power, prompting theJingnan campaign, an uprising that placed the Prince of Yan upon the throne as theYongle Emperor in 1402. The Yongle Emperor established Yan as a secondary capital and renamed itBeijing, constructed theForbidden City, and restored theGrand Canal and the primacy of theimperial examinations in official appointments. He rewarded his eunuch supporters and employed them as a counterweight against the Confucianscholar-bureaucrats. One eunuch,Zheng He, led seven enormousvoyages of exploration into theIndian Ocean as far as Arabia and the eastern coasts of Africa. Hongwu and Yongle emperors had alsoexpanded the empire's rule intoInner Asia. (Full article...)
A Yuan-era stele in the ruins of the Cross Temple. Another stele (left) and some scattered groundwork (right) are visible in the background.
TheCross Temple (Chinese:十字寺;pinyin:Shízì sì) is a formerplace of worship inFangshan, Beijing. The temple was used during different periods byBuddhists and earlyChinese Christians. Though it was originally built as a Buddhist temple, some scholars hypothesise that it saw Christian use during theTang dynasty (618–907). The temple was used by Buddhists during theLiao dynasty (916–1125) and by Christians during theYuan dynasty (1271–1368). It returned to Buddhist use during theMing dynasty (1368–1644), before being sold in 1911. It was first recorded in modern scholarship in 1919, damaged during theCultural Revolution, and re-established as a national-level protected site in 2006. Some scholars consider it to be the only place of worship of theChurch of the East (also known as Nestorian Christianity) discovered in China.
Today, the site features two ancient steles, as well as groundwork and the bases of several pillars. The steles date to the Liao and Yuan dynasties, but their inscriptions were tampered with during the Ming. During the early 20th century, two stone blocks carved with crosses and other patterns were also discovered at the site, with one of them also bearing an inscription inSyriac. The blocks are presently on display at theNanjing Museum. (Full article...)
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TheMing dynasty consideredTibet to be part of theWestern Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application ofWestphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist.The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by thePeople's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestionedsovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such asTurrell V. Wylie,Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one ofsuzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and itsimply paid tribute until theJiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.
Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged incivil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such asNepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage ofhorses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significantreligious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetanlamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. (Full article...)
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The empire in 661, when it reached its greatest extent
TheLi family founded the dynasty after taking advantage of a period of Sui decline and precipitating their final collapse, in turn inaugurating a period of progress and stability in the first half of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty was formally interrupted during 690–705 when EmpressWu Zetian seized the throne, proclaiming theWu Zhou dynasty and becoming the only legitimate Chineseempress regnant. TheAn Lushan rebellion (755–763) led to devastation and the decline of central authority during the latter half of the dynasty. (Full article...)
TheTeochew cuisine andHakka cuisine of Guangdong are considered their own styles. However, scholars may categorize Guangdong cuisine into three major groups based on the region's dialect: Cantonese, Hakka and Chaozhou cuisines. NeighboringGuangxi'scuisine is also considered separate despite eastern Guangxi being consideredculturally Cantonese due to the presence ofethnic Zhuang influences in the rest of the province. (Full article...)
An investigation by Chinese authorities found that the plant lacked many major safety features and was severely below regulation benchmarks, with the direct cause of the accident being attributed to inappropriate use of substandard equipment. The investigation also concluded that the various other safety failings at the facility were contributing factors. The report criticised safety standards throughout the Chinese steel industry. (Full article...)
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Tang's campaigns against Western Turks
Theconquest of the Western Turks was a 655 to 657 military campaign led by theTang dynasty generalsSu Dingfang andCheng Zhijie against theWestern Turkic Khaganate ruled byAshina Helu. TheTang campaigns against the Western Turks began in 640 with the annexation of the Tarim Basin oasis stateGaochang, an ally of the Western Turks. Several of the oasis states had once been vassals of the Tang dynasty, but switched their allegiance to the Western Turks when they grew suspicious of the military ambitions of the Tang. Tang expansion into Central Asia continued with theconquest of Karasahr in 644 andKucha in 648. Cheng Zhijie commanded the first foray against the West Turks, and in 657 Su Dingfang commanded the main army dispatched against the Western Turks, while the Turkic generalsAshina Mishe andAshina Buzhen led the side divisions. The Tang troops were reinforced by cavalry supplied by theUyghurs, a tribe that had been allied with the Tang since their support for the Uyghur revolt against theXueyantuo. Su Dingfang's army defeated Helu at theBattle of Irtysh River.
The victory strengthened Tang control of theWestern Regions, now modern Xinjiang, and brought the regions formerly ruled by the Khaganate into the Tang empire. Puppet qaghans, the Turkic title for ruler, and military garrisons were installed to administer the newly acquired territories. The Tang dynasty achieved its maximum territorial extent as its western borders reached the eastern frontier of theUmayyad Caliphate. Later on, Turkic revolts ended Tang hegemony beyond thePamir Mountains in modern Tajikistan and Afghanistan, but a Tang military presence remained inDzungaria and the Tarim Basin. Central Asia absorbed cultural influences from the conflict. Turkic culture and language spread into Central Asia, as did artistic and political influences from the Tang dynasty. Many of the Tang generals and soldiers stationed in the region wereethnically Turkic, and the prevalence ofIndo-European languages in Central Asia declined with acceleration of Turkic migration. The Turks, Tibetans, and the Tang competed for control over Central Asia for the next few centuries. (Full article...)
Born in a rural part of the Russian Empire (now Belarus), to a Jewish family, Borodin joined theGeneral Jewish Labour Bund at age sixteen, and then theBolsheviks in 1903. After being arrested for participating in revolutionary activities, Borodin fled toAmerica, attendedValparaiso University, started a family, and later established an English school for Russian Jewish immigrants inChicago. Upon the success of theOctober Revolution in 1917, Borodin returned to Russia, and served in various capacities in the new Soviet government. From 1919, he served as an agent of the Comintern, travelling to various countries to spread the Bolshevik revolutionary cause. In 1923,Joseph Stalin picked Borodin to lead a mission to China, where he was tasked with aiding Sun Yat-sen and his Kuomintang. Following Sun's death, Borodin assisted in the planning of theNorthern Expedition, and later became an integral backer of theKMT leftist government in Wuhan. (Full article...)
Lewis Hamilton was the defending race winner and went into the weekend with a three-point lead in theWorld Drivers' Championship overSebastian Vettel, who had surprised the field by taking victory in the previous round atMalaysia. Hamilton took pole position during Saturday's qualifying, the 41st of his career and the third in a row. He went on to win the race from his teammateNico Rosberg. (Full article...)
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Railway bridge on the Trans-Siberian across theKama River nearPerm, Ca 1910
Completed in 1916, theTrans-Siberian connects Moscow with Russian Pacific seaports such asVladivostok. From the 1960s until the early 1990s the railway served as the primary land bridge between Asia and Europe, until several factors caused the use of the railway for transcontinental freight to dwindle. One factor is use of a widerrail gauge by the railways of the formerRussian Empire andSoviet Union than most of the rest of Europe and China. (Full article...)
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Japanese tanks attacking Nanjing's Zhonghua Gate under artillery fire
Following the outbreak of war betweenJapan and China in July 1937, the Japanese and Chinese forces engaged in the vicious three-monthBattle of Shanghai, where both sides suffered heavy casualties. The Japanese eventually won the battle, forcing the Chinese army into a withdrawal. Capitalizing on their victory, the Japanese officially authorized a campaign to capture Nanjing. The task of occupying Nanjing was given to GeneralIwane Matsui, the commander of Japan's Central China Area Army, who believed that the capture of Nanjing would force China to surrender and thus end the war. Chinese leaderChiang Kai-shek ultimately decided to defend the city and appointedTang Shengzhi to command the Nanjing Garrison Force, a hastily assembled army of local conscripts and the remnants of the Chinese units who had fought inShanghai. (Full article...)
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The Jokhang, with Barkhor Square in front
TheJokhang (Tibetan:ཇོ་ཁང།,Chinese:大昭寺), historically known as theRasa Trulnang (ra sa 'phrul snang) or Qoikang Monastery or Zuglagkang (Tibetan:གཙུག་ལག་ཁང༌།,Wylie:gtsug-lag-khang,ZWPY:Zuglagkang or Tsuklakang), is considered the "heart ofLhasa". The Jokhang consists of aTibetan Buddhist temple, its temple complex, and aGelug school monastery. Located inBarkhor Square, it was built in c.640 by KingSongsten Gampo to house theJowo Mikyo Dorje, a statue of Akshobhya Buddha, brought to Tibet by his Nepalese queen,Bhrikuti. Another statue, theJowo Shakyamuni, brought by hisTang Chinese queenWencheng, is currently housed in the temple and the Jowo Mikyo Dorje is housed in theRamoche, in Lhasa.
Many Nepalese and Indian artists and craftsmen worked on the temple's original design and construction. Around the 14th century, the temple was associated with theVajrasana in India. In the 18th century theQianlong Emperor of theQing dynasty, following theNepalese Gorkha invasion of Tibet in 1792, did not allow the Nepalese to visit this temple and it became an exclusive place of worship for the Tibetans. Early into theCultural Revolution, theRed Guards attacked the Jokhang temple in 1966 and for a decade there was no worship. Renovation of the Jokhang took place from 1972 to 1980. In 2000, the Jokhang became aUNESCOWorld Heritage Site as an extension of thePotala Palace, which has been a World Heritage Site since 1994. After its UNESCO status was conferred, PRC China redeveloped parts of the World Heritage Sites in Lhasa, and the Barkhor Square in front of the temple was partially demolished and encroached upon. (Full article...)
Developed by Westernmissionaries working among theChinese diaspora inSoutheast Asia in the 19th century and refined by missionaries working inXiamen andTainan, it uses a modifiedLatin alphabet and somediacritics to represent the spoken language. After initial success inFujian, POJ became most widespread inTaiwan and, in the mid-20th century, there were over 100,000 people literate in POJ. A large amount of printed material, religious and secular, has been produced in the script, includingTaiwan's first newspaper, theTaiwan Church News. (Full article...)
Shanhua Temple (Chinese:善化寺;pinyin:Shànhùa Sì) is aBuddhisttemple located inDatong,Shanxi Province,China. The temple was first founded during the early 8th century of theTang dynasty, but its earliest surviving building dates from the 11th century. The temple was heavily repaired over the years, and today three original halls and two recently rebuilt pavilions survive. The largest, and earliest hall, dating from the 11th-centuryLiao dynasty, is theDaxiongbao Hall and is one of the largest of its kind in China. Also historically significant are the Main Gate and Sansheng Hall, both dating from 12th century during theJin dynasty. (Full article...)
Mae Salong's early history centered on theGolden Triangle'sopium trade, in which its distinctive population – the "lost army" of theRepublic of China Army's 93rd Division – became involved. At the conclusion of theChinese Civil War in 1949, some remnants of the anti-communistKuomintang (KMT) forces refused to surrender, including the 278th Regiment of the 93rd Division and the 709th Regiment of the 237th Division (led by General Li Kuo-hui). The troops fought their way out ofYunnan in south-western China, and its soldiers lived in Burma's (nowMyanmar) jungles. The army grew and part of it returned to Taiwan under international pressure. The remaining troops moved to the Thai border area and eventuallyestablished several communities in Thailand. Those led by Gen Tuan Shi-wen (also known as Chiwan Khamlue) settled in Mae Salong. The Thai government allowed their presence in exchange for their help fighting thecommunist insurgency on the Thai frontier. In reward, the Thai government granted citizenship to most of the KMT soldiers and their families. (Full article...)
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A column of theUS 1st Marine Division moves through Chinese lines during its breakout from the Chosin Reservoir with aM26 Pershing medium tank.
TheBattle of Chosin Reservoir, also known as theChosin Reservoir Campaign or theBattle of Lake Changjin (Korean: 장진호 전투;Hanja: 長津湖戰鬪;RR: Jangjinho jeontu;MR: Changjinho chŏnt'u), was a battle in theKorean War. The name "Chosin" is derived from the Japanese pronunciation "Chōshin", instead of the Korean pronunciation.
The battle took place about a month after thePeople's Republic of China entered the conflict and sent the 9th Corps of thePeople's Volunteer Army (PVA) to infiltrate the northeastern part ofNorth Korea. On 27 November 1950, the Chinese force surprised the USX Corps commanded by Major GeneralEdward Almond in the Chosin Reservoir area. A 17-day battle in freezing weather soon followed. Between 27 November and 13 December, 30,000United Nations Command troops, later nicknamed "The Chosin Few", under the field command of Major GeneralOliver P. Smith were encircled and attacked by about 120,000 Chinese troops under the command ofSong Shilun, who had been ordered byMao Zedong to destroy the UN forces. (Full article...)
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Liu Geping (Chinese:刘格平; 8 August 1904 – 11 March 1992) was a Chinese communist revolutionary and politician ofHui Muslim heritage. He is best known as the founding Chairman of theNingxia Hui Autonomous Region and later for seizing power in Shanxi during theCultural Revolution, where he made himself the top leader of the province.
Liu spent his early days as a communist agitator, leading peasant uprisings and building the party organization in rural areas. A political survivor, he was arrested several times during theWarlord Era and served two prison terms. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he held important roles in the party and government but was branded a traitor in 1960. He later returned to work, only to be purged again several years later during theCultural Revolution. He was rehabilitated after the Cultural Revolution and spent the rest of his life in ceremonial positions. (Full article...)
The film was announced in August 2012 after the rights to the book were purchased. Many of the cast members signed on in the spring of 2017, and filming took place from April to June of that year in parts of Singapore, Malaysia, and New York City. It is the first film by amajor Hollywood studio to feature a majority cast of Chinese descent in a modern setting sinceThe Joy Luck Club in 1993. Despite praise in the United States for its Asian representation, the film also received criticism for its casting decisions. Few of the actors were from Singapore, from Southeast Asia, or offully ethnically Chinese heritage. The film also failed to portray the reality of Singapore'smultiracial population, neglecting people ofMalay andIndian descent, while also being seen by some to perpetuatestereotypes of East Asians. (Full article...)
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Gui Minhai (Chinese:桂民海;pinyin:Guì Mínhǎi;Jyutping:gwai3 man4 hoi2; born 5 May 1964), also known asMichael Gui, is aHong Kong-Swedish book publisher and writer. He is an author of many books related to Chinese politics and Chinese political figures; Gui authored around 200 books during his ten-year career under the pen-name Ah Hai (阿海) and was one of three shareholders ofCauseway Bay Books in Hong Kong.
Gui went missing inThailand in late 2015, one of five men who vanished in a string of incidents known as theCauseway Bay Books disappearances. The case ignited fears locally and in Britain over the collapse of "one country, two systems", over the possibility that people could be subject torendition from Hong Kong and from other countries by Chinese law enforcement. The Chinese government had been silent about holding him in custody for three months, at which point a controversial video confession was broadcast on mainland media. In it, Gui said that he had returned to mainland China and surrendered to the authorities of his own volition; he appeared to indicate that he was prepared to follow the course of justice in China, while waiving protection as a Swedish citizen. Gui's case has severely strained therelations between Sweden and China. (Full article...)
Image 17Photo showing serving chopsticks (gongkuai) on the far right, personal chopsticks (putongkuai) in the middle, and a spoon. Serving chopsticks are usually more ornate than the personal ones. (fromChinese culture)
Image 18Tea caddy, Chinese - Indianapolis Museum of Art (fromChinese culture)
Image 40Map showing the expansion of Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC (fromHistory of China)
Image 41Range of Chinese dialect groups according to theLanguage Atlas of China. (fromChinese culture)
Image 42Relief of afenghuang in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). They are mythological birds of East Asia that reign over all other birds. (fromChinese culture)
Image 56Red lanterns are hung from the trees during the Chinese New Year celebrations in Ditan Park (Temple of Earth) in Beijing. (fromChinese culture)
Image 57Tang dynasty mural fromLi Xian's tomb inQianling showing Han nobility clothing of the era. (fromChinese culture)
Image 61Gilin with the head and scaly body of a dragon, tail of a lion and cloven hoofs like a deer. Its body enveloped in sacred flames. Detail from Entrance of General Zu Dashou Tomb (Ming Tomb). (fromChinese culture)
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ThePresident of the Republic of China is the head of state of theRepublic of China (ROC).
TheConstitution names the president as head of state and commander-in-chief of theRepublic of China Armed Forces (formerly known as theNational Revolutionary Army). The president is responsible for conducting foreign relations, such as concluding treaties, declaring war, and making peace. The president must promulgate all laws and has no right to veto. Other powers of the president include granting amnesty, pardon or clemency, declaring martial law, and conferring honors and decorations.
The current President isLai Ching-te(pictured), since May 20, 2024. Lai is a Taiwanese politician and former physician, who is currently serving as the eighth president of the Republic of China under the1947 Constitution and the third president from theDemocratic Progressive Party (DPP).
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