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Chile, officially theRepublic of Chile, is a country in westernSouth America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest toAntarctica, extending along a narrow strip of land between theAndes Mountains and thePacific Ocean. According to the 2024 census, Chile had an enumerated population of 18.5 million. The country covers a territorial area of 756,102 square kilometers (291,933 sq mi), sharing borders withPeru to the north,Bolivia to the northeast,Argentina to the east, and theDrake Passage to the south. It also administers several Pacific islands, includingJuan Fernández,Isla Salas y Gómez,Desventuradas, andEaster Island, and claims about 1,250,000 square kilometers (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica as theChilean Antarctic Territory. The capital and largest city isSantiago, and the national language isSpanish.
Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacingInca rule; however, theyfailed to conquer the autonomous tribalMapuche people who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. Chile emerged as a relatively stable authoritarian republic in the 1830s after their 1818declaration of independence fromSpain. During the 19th century, Chile experienced significant economic and territorial growth,putting an end to Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in theWar of the Pacific (1879–83) by defeating Peru and Bolivia.
In the 20th century, up until the 1970s, Chile underwent a process ofdemocratization and experienced rapid population growth andurbanization, while relying increasingly on exports fromcopper mining to supportits economy. During the 1960s and 1970s, the country was marked by severe left-rightpolitical polarization and turmoil, which culminated in theSeptember 11, 1973 coup d'état that overthrewSalvador Allende's democratically electedleft-wing government, with support from theUnited States. This was followed by a16-and-a-half-year right-wing military dictatorship led byAugusto Pinochet, during which the1980 Constitution was enacted, along with numerous political and economic reforms, and which was marked by widespreadhuman rights violations, including more than3,000 deaths and disappearances. The regime ended in 1990, following areferendum in 1988, and was succeeded by acenter-left coalition, which ruled until 2010. (Full article...)
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Thecoat of arms of Pichilemu (Spanish:Escudo de armas de Pichilemu) is the officialheraldic symbol representing thecity ofPichilemu, thecapital of theChilean province ofCardenal Caro. It consists of aparty per cross referencing the importance of tourism in Pichilemu, and the commune's agricultural,huaso origins. The coat of arms is crested with a "symbolical representation of Pichilemu's past and present: abalustrade fused in amitre", worn byJosé María Caro Rodríguez, the firstCardinal of the ChileanRoman Catholic Church, who was born in the village ofSan Antonio de Petrel, in Pichilemu.
In September 1986, themunicipality of Pichilemu and the Council of Communal Development (CODECO) made a public call for tenders to create a coat of arms for the commune, similar to that of the province of Cardenal Caro. A design made by Hernán Martínez Morales fromCuricó was eventually adopted by the local government on 19 December 1986, under the administration ofMayorRené Maturana Maldonado. (Full article...)
Rebeca del Rosario Cofré Calderón (born 23 August 1962) is aChilean politician and member of theIndependent Democrat Union (UDI). In 2008 she was elected mayor ofChépica, a small commune inColchagua Province, after running unsuccessfully for the same office four years before. She was re-elected to the office in 2012. In 2013, she was named as one of the 100 Leading Women of Chile by Mujeres Empresarias and theEconomía y Negocios (Economy and Business) section ofEl Mercurio newspaper. (Full article...)
A referendum on whetherAugusto Pinochet, the head of amilitary dictatorship, should become president for eight years under resumed civilian rule was held in Chile on 5 October 1988. The "No" side won with 56% of the vote, marking the end of Pinochet's16+1⁄2-year rule. Democratic elections were held in1989, leading to the establishment of a new government in 1990. (Full article...)
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