 | Portal maintenance status:(August 2019)
|
Chess is aboard game for two players. It is anabstract strategy game that involvesno hidden information and no elements ofchance. It is played on a squareboard consisting of 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. The players, referred to as"White" and "Black", each control sixteenpieces: oneking, onequeen, tworooks, twobishops, twoknights, and eightpawns, with each type of piece having a different pattern of movement. An enemy piece may be captured (removed from the board) by moving one's own piece onto the square it occupies. The object of the game is to "checkmate" (threaten with inescapable capture) the enemy king. There are also several ways a game can end in adraw.
The recorded history of chess dates back to the emergence ofchaturanga in 7th centuryIndia. Chaturanga is also thought to be an ancestor ofsimilar games likeJanggi,xiangqi andshogi. After its introduction toPersia, it spread to the Arab world and then to Europe. The modern rules of chess emerged in Europe at the end of the 15th century, becoming standardized and gaining universal acceptance by the end of the 19th century. Today, chess is one of the world's most popular games, with millions of players worldwide.
Organized chess arose in the 19th century. International chess competitions today are governed byFIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs), the International Chess Federation. The first universally recognizedWorld Chess Champion,Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in1886;Gukesh Dommaraju is the current World Champion, having won the title in2024. (Full article...)
.jpg)
Inchess, there is a consensus among players andtheorists that the player who makes the first move (White) has an inherent advantage, albeit not one large enough to win withperfect play. This has been the consensus since at least 1889, when the firstWorld Chess Champion,Wilhelm Steinitz, addressed the issue, although chess has not beensolved.
Since 1851, compiledstatistics support this view; White consistentlywins slightly more often thanBlack, usually achieving awinning percentage between 52 and 56 percent. White's advantage is less significant inblitz games and games between lower-level players, and becomes greater as the level of play rises; however, raising the level of play also increases the percentage ofdraws. As the standard of play rises, all the way up to top engine level, the number of decisive games approaches zero, and the proportion of White wins among those decisive games approaches 100%. (Full article...)
.jpg)
_gegen_Fischer_(USA).jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
_1555_(4096x3236px).jpg)
.jpg)
| Rank | Player | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Magnus Carlsen | 2839 |
| 2 |  Hikaru Nakamura | 2813 |
| 3 | Fabiano Caruana | 2795 |
| 4 |  Vincent Keymer | 2773 |
| 5 |  Anish Giri | 2769 |
| 6 |  Arjun Erigaisi | 2769 |
| 7 | R Praggnanandhaa | 2768 |
| 8 | Wesley So | 2764 |
| 9 | Gukesh Dommaraju | 2763 |
| 10 |  Alireza Firouzja | 2762 |
| 11 |  Wei Yi | 2753 |
| 12 |  Nodirbek Abdusattorov | 2750 |
| 13 | Viswanathan Anand | 2743 |
| 14 |  Shakhriyar Mamedyarov | 2742 |
| 15 |  Richárd Rapport | 2740 |
| 16 | Maxime Vachier-Lagrave | 2740 |
| 17 | Leinier Domínguez | 2738 |
| 18 | Ding Liren | 2738 |
| 19 |  Ian Nepomniachtchi | 2732 |
| 20 | Hans Moke Niemann | 2729 |
.jpg)
_crop.jpg)
_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg)
_(cropped).jpg)
| Outline | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equipment | |||||||||
| History |
| ||||||||
| Rules | |||||||||
| Terms | |||||||||
| Tactics | |||||||||
| Strategy | |||||||||
| Openings |
| ||||||||
| Endgames | |||||||||
| Tournaments |
| ||||||||
| Art and media | |||||||||
| Related | |||||||||
The followingWikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject:
