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Cetaceans (/sɪˈteɪʃə/) aremarine mammals belonging to theinfraorderCetacea, asecondarily aquaticclade under the orderArtiodactyla that includewhales,dolphins,porpoises andextinct groups such asBasilosaurus. Most cetaceans live inmarine environments, particularly thepelagic zone, but some reside solely inbrackish orfresh water. Having acosmopolitan distribution, they can be found in somerivers and all of Earth'soceans. Many speciesmigrate seasonally over vast ranges for food advantages.
Key characteristics of cetaceans are their fully aquaticlife cycle,streamlined, fish-like body shape, the need toperiodically surface and breath air, and exclusivelycarnivorous diet. Allextant cetaceans are capable ofecholocation.
Asnektonic animals, cetaceanspropel themselves through the water with powerful up-and-down movements of their tails, which have evolved into in a horizontal paddle-likefluke. Theirhindlimbs have disappeared with only somevestigial skeleton of thepelvis andfemurs, and theirforelimbs haveevolved intoflippers which they use topaddle and steer. Some fast-swimming groups, most notably the smaller dolphins and porpoises, have adorsal fin to facilitatedirectional stability. Cetaceans also havelarge brains and havehigh intelligence, complex social behaviour, andsong-like communication. Some cetaceans have large bodies, such as theblue whale, which reaches a maximum confirmed length of 29.9 meters (98 feet) and a weight of 173tonnes (190 short tons), making it the largest animal known to have existed.
There are approximately 90 living cetaceanspecies split into twoparvorders:Odontoceti or toothed whales, which contains 75 species including porpoises, dolphins, thebeaked whales and otherpredatory whales like thebeluga andsperm whale, who prey uponfish,cephalopods and other marine mammals such aspinnipeds; andMysticeti or baleen whales, which contains 15 species of large whales including the blue whale,humpback whale andbowhead whale among others, who are mostlyfilter-feedingplanktivores (or sometimesbottom-feedingcrustacivores ormolluscivores, as in the case of thegray whale) using oralbristle plates known asbaleen to sieve out and feed on large swarms of smallinvertebrates, usuallycrustaceans such askrill. Despite their highly modified bodies and carnivorous lifestyle, genetic and fossil evidence places cetaceans within theterrestrialeven-toed ungulates, most closely related to thehippopotamids. (Full article...)


TheHarbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is one of sixspecies ofporpoise. It is one of the smallest ocean mammals in the sea. As its name implies, it stays close to coastal areas or river estuaries and as such is the most familiar porpoise towhale watchers. This porpoise often ventures up rivers and has been seen hundreds of miles from the sea.
More on theHarbour Porpoise

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