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Anatomy (from Ancient Greek ἀνατομή (anatomḗ) 'dissection') is the branch ofmorphology concerned with the study of the internal and external structure oforganisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch ofnatural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times.
Anatomy is inherently tied todevelopmental biology,embryology,comparative anatomy,evolutionary biology, andphylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales. Anatomy andphysiology, which study the structure andfunction of organisms and their parts respectively, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often studied together.Human anatomy is one of the essentialbasic sciences that are applied in medicine, and is often studied alongsidephysiology.
Anatomy is a complex and dynamic field that is constantly evolving as discoveries are made. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of advanced imaging techniques, such asMRI andCT scans, which allow for more detailed and accurate visualizations of the body's structures. (Full article...)
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Anatomical pathology (Commonwealth) oranatomic pathology (U.S.) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on themacroscopic,microscopic, biochemical, immunologic andmolecular examination oforgans andtissues. Over the 20th century, surgical pathology has evolved tremendously: from historical examination of whole bodies (autopsy) to a more modernized practice, centered on the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer to guide treatment decision-making in oncology. Its modern founder was theItalian scientistGiovanni Battista Morgagni fromForlì.
Anatomical pathology is one of two branches ofpathology, the other beingclinical pathology, the diagnosis of disease through thelaboratory analysis ofbodily fluids or tissues. Often, pathologists practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known asgeneral pathology. Similar specialties exist inveterinary pathology. (Full article...)
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Thehuman nose is the first organ of therespiratory system. It is also the principal organ in theolfactory system. The shape of the nose is determined by thenasal bones and thenasal cartilages, including thenasal septum, which separates thenostrils and divides thenasal cavity into two.
The nose has an important function inbreathing. Thenasal mucosa lining the nasal cavity and theparanasal sinuses carries out the necessary conditioning of inhaled air by warming and moistening it.Nasal conchae, shell-like bones in the walls of the cavities, play a major part in this process. Filtering of the air bynasal hair in the nostrils prevents large particles from entering the lungs.Sneezing is areflex to expel unwanted particles from the nose that irritate the mucosal lining. Sneezing cantransmit infections, becauseaerosols are created in which thedroplets can harbourpathogens.
Another major function of the nose isolfaction, the sense of smell. The area ofolfactory epithelium, in the upper nasal cavity, contains specialisedolfactory cells responsible for this function. (Full article...)
Theliver is a majormetabolicorgan exclusively found invertebrates, which performs many essential biologicalfunctions such asdetoxification of the organism, and thesynthesis of various proteins and various otherbiochemicals necessary fordigestion and growth. Inhumans, it is located in theright upper quadrant of theabdomen, below thediaphragm and mostly shielded by the lower rightrib cage. Its other metabolic roles includecarbohydrate metabolism, the production of a number ofhormones, conversion and storage of nutrients such asglucose andglycogen, and the decomposition ofred blood cells. Anatomical and medical terminology often use the prefixhepat- from ἡπατο-, from theGreek word for liver, such ashepatology, andhepatitis.
The liver is also anaccessory digestive organ that producesbile, analkaline fluid containingcholesterol andbile acids, whichemulsifies and aids thebreakdown of dietary fat. Thegallbladder, a small hollow pouch that sits just under the right lobe of liver, stores and concentrates the bile produced by the liver, which is later excreted to theduodenum to help withdigestion. The liver's highly specializedtissue, consisting mostly ofhepatocytes, regulates a wide variety of high-volume biochemical reactions, including the synthesis and breakdown of small and complex organic molecules, many of which are necessary for normal vital functions. Estimates regarding the organ's total number of functions vary, but is generally cited as being around 500. For this reason, the liver has sometimes been described as the body'schemical factory. (Full article...)
Henry GrayFRS (1827 – 13 June 1861) was a Britishanatomist andsurgeon most notable for publishing the bookGray's Anatomy. He was elected aFellow of the Royal Society (FRS) at the age of 25. (Full article...)
SomeWikipedians have formed aproject to better organize information in articles related toAnatomy. This page and its subpages contain their suggestions; it is hoped that this project will help to focus the efforts of other Wikipedians. If you would like to help, please swing by thetalk page.
 | newgood articles since last newsletter includeThyroid,Hypoglossal nerve,Axillary arch,Human brain,Cerebrospinal fluid,Accessory nerve,Gallbladder, andInterventricular foramina (neuroanatomy) |
 | There isIntroduction to Anatomy on Wikipedia published in theJournal of Anatomy[1] |
 | We reach two projects goals of 20 good articles, and less than half of our articles as stubs, in July 2017.Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Anatomy/Archive 11#Congratulations to all |
 | A discussion about two preferred section titles takes placehere. |
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| Bacteria and fungi | ||
| Protists | ||
| Plants | ||
| Invertebrates | ||
| Mammals | ||
| Other vertebrates | ||
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| Related topics | ||
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