Population cleansing is the deliberate removal of a population with certain undesirable characteristics, such as its ethnicity (ethnic cleansing), itsreligion (religious cleansing), itssocial group (social cleansing), itssocial class, its ideological or political criteria (political cleansing), etc. from certain territories.[1][2]
Throughoutantiquity, population cleansing was largely motivated by economic and political factors, although ethnic factors occasionally played a role.[2] Andrew Bell-Fialkoff attributes the earliest known example of cleansing as a state policy toAssyria.Assurnasirpal II andAssurbanipal resettled millions of people from the conquered territories in order to crush the resistance. Usually upper classes were resettled, rather than complete populations, because peasant and artisan masses usually lacked leadership to initiate revolts. He further gives a number of other cases in Chapter 1 "Cleansing: A Historical Overview" of his book. While discussing the case ofAncient Greece, Bell-Fialkoff singles out a special type of the elimination of a conqueredpolis, for which the Greeks had a special term:andrapodismos (from the wordἀνδράποδον, one taken in war and sold as a slave[3]).[1] Andrapodismos involved the destruction of a polis, killing all male adults and selling women and children into slavery. Other kinds of the elimination of a polis (with or without its destruction) involved removal of its whole population to another polis, dispersing over villages, or emigration of its population, possibly founding a polis elsewhere.[4]
Since ancient times, methods of cleansing varied from killing (democide,genocide) to forcedpopulation transfer, to forced emigration.[4][1]
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