Popular Movement الحركة الشعبية ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴷⵏⴰⵏ Mouvement populaire | |
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| President | Mohand Laenser |
| General Secretary | Mohamed Ouzzine |
| Founder | Abdelkrim al-Khatib andMahjoubi Aherdane |
| Founded | 28 September 1957; 68 years ago (1957-09-28) |
| Headquarters | 66 rue Patrice Lumumba,Rabat |
| Ideology | Conservative liberalism[1] Monarchism[2] Agrarianism |
| Political position | Centre-right |
| Regional affiliation | Africa Liberal Network |
| International affiliation | Liberal International |
| House of Representatives | 28 / 395 |
| House of Councillors | 10 / 120 |
| Website | |
| www | |
ThePopular Movement (Arabic:الحركة الشعبية,romanized: al-ḥaraka aš-šaʿbīya;Standard Moroccan Tamazight:ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⵎⴷⵏⴰⵏ,romanized: amussu amdnan;French:Mouvement populaire,MP) is aroyalist and traditionalist rural-focused political party inMorocco. It is a member ofLiberal International. The party has a history ofcooperating with two other parties with a liberal orientation, theNational Rally of Independents and theConstitutional Union, since 1993.
The Popular Movement was founded in 1957 by theBerber tribal chiefMahjoubi Aherdane with help fromAbdelkrim al-Khatib who founded later a splinter party (Mouvement populaire démocratique et constitutionnel) that became theJustice and Development Party.[3] It was initially a rural party with conservative and tribal orientation,[4] that unconditionally supported the monarchy[3] and aimed at countering the nationalistIstiqlal Party.[4] Despite them being socially conservative, the party claimed to beIslamic socialists.[3][5][6]
They advocated for the distribution of land previously owned by French to tribes and local communities and that communal lands be administrated by communal traditions. They also advocated for the recognition of Berber customary law and a school system where Berber dialects were taught. The Popular Movement was dominated byBerber speakers and had the strongest support from rich peasants and large landowners and was the most active political organisation in theRoyal Moroccan Armed Forces.[6] Despite this, it did not have a distinctly Berber agenda and was the major party in the ruling coalition that institutedArabization in 1965.[7]
The present party results from a 25 March 2006 merger between the main party which had kept the original name and two splinter parties, theNational Popular Movement (Mouvement National Populaire) and theDemocratic Union (Union démocratique).[8][9]
The party is a full member ofLiberal International, which it joined at the latter's Dakar Congress in 2003.[10]
In theparliamentary election held on 27 September 2002, the party won 27 out of the total 325 seats. It improved its standing in theparliamentary election held on 7 September 2007, winning 41 out of 325 seats.[11]
The party won 32 out of 325 seats in theparliamentary election held in November 2011, being the sixth party in the parliament.[12]
| House of Representatives | ||||||
| Election year | # of overall votes | % of overall vote | # of overall seats won | +/– | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1963* | 1,159,932 (#1) | 34.8 | 69 / 144 | – | ||
| 1970 | ? (#1) | 25.0 | 60 / 240 |  4 | ||
| 1977 | 738,541 (#2) | 14.64 | 15 / 264 | 45 | ||
| 1984 | 695,020 (#3) | 15.54 | 47 / 301 |  32 | ||
| 1993 | 751,864 (#5) | 12.1 | 51 / 333 | 4 | ||
| 1997 | 659,331 (#4) | 10.3 | 40 / 325 | 11 | ||
| 2002 | ? (#5) | 8.31 | 27 / 325 | 13 | ||
| 2007 | 426,849 (#3) | 9.3 | 41 / 325 | 14 | ||
| 2011 | 354,468 (#6) | 7.5 | 32 / 395 | 11 | ||
| 2016 | 397,085 (#5) | 6.1 | 27 / 395 | 5 | ||
| 2021 | 534,292 (#5) | 7.1 | 28 / 395 | 1 | ||
Regarding its ideology, the MP makes explicit references to the defence of individual and collective rights, but there are no nods to economic freedoms. Based on the MP's political discourse and action, its liberalism might be considered conservative.
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