John XV's venality and nepotism allegedly made him very unpopular with the citizens of Rome.[2] However, Joseph Brusher finds this unproven, as John XV had little authority in Rome at that time.[1]Crescentius II,patrician ofRome, significantly hampered the pope's influence, but the presence ofEmpress Theophanu in Rome from 989 to 991 restrained Crescentius' ambition.[2]
During this papacy, a serious dispute arose over the deposition in 991 of ArchbishopArnulf of Reims by French churchmen. This affair is sometimes read as an early groundswell of the conflicts between popes and theCapetians, newkings of France, that came to a head later in theInvestiture Controversy. KingHugh Capet made Arnulfarchbishop of Reims in 988. Arnulf was the scion of the previously ruling dynasty, theCarolingians. Arnulf's uncleCharles invaded to claim the throne for himself. Hugh considered Arnulf a turncoat and demanded his deposition by John XV. The turn of events outran the messages, when Hugh Capet captured both Charles and Archbishop Arnulf and convoked asynod at Reims in June 991, which obediently deposed Arnulf and chose as his successorGerbert of Aurillac.[3] At the synod, BishopArnulf of Orléans accused Pope John XV:
Are any bold enough to maintain that the priests of the Lord all over the world are to take their law from monsters of guilt like these—men branded with ignominy, illiterate men, and ignorant alike of things human and divine? If, holy fathers, we are bound to weigh in the balance the lives, the morals, and the attainments of the humblest candidate for the priestly office, how much more ought we to look to the fitness of him who aspires to be the Lord and Master of all priests! Yet how would it fare with us, if it should happen that the man the most deficient in all these virtues, unworthy of the lowest place in the priesthood, should be chosen to fill the highest place of all? What would you say of such a one, when you see him sitting upon the throne glittering in purple and gold? Must he not be the "Antichrist, sitting in the temple of God and showing himself as God"?[4]
The proceedings of the Synod of Reims were repudiated by Rome, although a second synod had ratified the decrees issued at Reims. John XV summoned the French bishops to hold an independent synod outside the French king's realm atAachen to reconsider the case. When they refused, he called them to Rome, but they protested that the unsettled conditions en route and in Rome made that impossible. The Pope then sent a legate with instructions to call a council of French and German bishops atMousson, where only the German bishops appeared, the French being stopped on the way by Hugh Capet and his sonRobert. Through the exertions of the legate, the deposition of Arnulf was finally pronounced illegal. After Hugh Capet's death on 23 October 996, Arnulf was released from his imprisonment and soon restored to all his dignities. As for Gerbert, he set out for the imperial court atMagdeburg and became thepreceptor toEmperor Otto III.[3]
At a Roman synod held in the Lateran on 31 January 993, John XV solemnly canonized BishopUlrich of Augsburg, an event which the pope announced to the French and German bishops in apapal bull dated 3 February. This was the first time in history that a solemn canonization had been made by a pope.[5]
In 996, Otto III undertook a journey toItaly to obtain animperial coronation from the pope, but John XV died of fever in March 996, while Otto III lingered inPavia until April 12 to celebrateEaster. The emperor then elevated his own cousin Bruno to the papal dignity under the name ofGregory V.
Wolfgang Huschner: Giovanni XV (985-996). In: Massimo Bray (ed.):Enciclopedia dei Papi. Volume 2: Niccolò I, santo, Sisto IV. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2000, pp. 102–107 (treccani.it)
