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Damian of Alexandria

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Head of the Coptic Church from 576 to 605

Saint Damian of Alexandria
Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark

Papacy began	26 June 576
Papacy ended	25 June 605
Predecessor	Peter IV
Successor	Anastasius
Personal details
Born	Syria
Died	25 June 605 Egypt
Buried	Ennaton, monastery near Alexandria
Nationality	Syrian
Denomination	Coptic Orthodox Christian
Residence	Saint Mark's Church
Sainthood
Feast day	25 June (18Paoni in theCoptic calendar)

Damian of Alexandria (Greek: Δαμιανός; died 605) was theCoptic pope and patriarch of Alexandria from 576.

Originally from Syria, where his brother was a prefect inEdessa,^[1] he became a monk in his early years and spent sixteen years in the Egyptiandesert of Scete, where he was ordained a deacon in the monastery ofSt. John the Short. Afterward, he went to a monastery nearAlexandria and continued to practiceasceticism.

WhenPope Peter IV of Alexandria was enthroned on theSee of St. Mark, he made Damian a private secretary, during which Damian earned much esteem for his goodness. After Peter's death in 569,^[2] the bishops unanimously agreed to ordain him apatriarch. In addition to pastoring the church, he wrote many epistles and discourses, including a reaffirmation of themiaphysite andnon-Chalcedonian views.^[1] He reigned for almost thirty-six years.

Controversies

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While serving as Patriarch, Damian performed some controversial actions in trying to complete his predecessor's attempt to deposePatriarch Paul II of Antioch by traveling secretly to Antioch to install a replacement Patriarch. Although this action did not have the support of all the Syrian bishops, Damian had enough support to convene a meeting and choose a replacement. However, theChalcedonian patriarch, probablyGregory of Antioch, discovered the plan and prevented it, forcing Damian and his colleagues to flee.^[1] Damian then went toConstantinople, where he consecrated some bishops and took part in a church council, which he later repudiated.^[1]

TheSynaxarium entry for Damian recounts the following two theological controversies in which he was involved:^[3]

The first involved someMelitians who drank wine before Communion, claiming that Jesus had given the disciples two cups at theLast Supper and that only for the second did he say "This is My Blood." Damian explained that the first cup was the cup of the Jewish passover, which Jesus nullified with the second cup. Damian also informed them that thechurch canons ban those that eat before communion from partaking of the Eucharist. Damian's counsel persuaded some, but those who rejected his teaching were driven away.
The second involves Damian's dialogue withPatriarch Peter of Antioch, in which Damian accused his colleague oftritheism and was in turn accused ofSabellianism. Although Damian pulled support for his understanding of the Trinity from the Bible and from the teaching of the earlyChurch Fathers, he was never able to persuade Peter and, as a result, he ordered that Peter's name not be mentioned in theDivine Liturgy while Peter remained alive. The schism between the Alexandrian and Antiochene churches lasted for almost a decade after Damian's death.^[1]

Damian was very active in fighting views that he considered heretical, including not only tritheism, but also theChalcedonians, Pope Leo'sTome,Bishop Julian of Halicarnassus, theAgnoetae, theMelitians, theAcephali, theGaianites (supporters of a rival toTheodosius I),Stephen of Alexandria and Paul of Beth Ukame.^[1] TheBarsanuphians split from the Acephali during the time of Damian and established their own episcopal hierarchy.^[4] Although most of Damian's writings are lost, he did influence many writers in his own time, such as John ofParallos, who, like Damian, focused on combating heresy.^[1]

References

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General

البابا داميانوس [Pope Damian] (in Arabic). Official website ofSt. Takla Haymanot's Church. Retrieved2011-02-13.

Specific

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gAlois Grillmeier, Theresia Hainthaler, O.C. Dean,Christ in Christian Tradition, Vol.2, Pt.4, pp.75-81.
^Walsh, Michael J., "Damian of Alexandria",A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West, Liturgical Press, 2007ISBN 9780814631867
^"The Departure of St. Damianos",Synaxarium readings at the Coptic Orthodox Church Network, accessed 20 July 2010.
^Arieh Kofsky (2004), "What Ever Happened to the Monophysite Monasticism of Gaza?", in Brouria Bitton Ashkelony; Arieh Kofsky (eds.),Christian Gaza In Late Antiquity, Brill, p. 191.

Religious titles
Preceded by Dorotheos	Coptic Pope 569–605	Succeeded by Anastasius

v t e Patriarchs of Alexandria
Patriarchs prior to the Chalcedonian schism (43–451)	Mark I the Evangelist (founder) Anianus Avilius Kedronos Primus Justus Eumenius Markianos* Celadion Agrippinus Julian Demetrius I Heraclas Dionysius Maximus Theonas Peter I Achillas Alexander I Athanasius I Peter II Timothy I Theophilus I Cyril I Dioscorus I
Coptic Orthodox Popes and Patriarchs (451–present)	Timothy II Peter III Athanasius II John I John II Dioscorus II Timothy III Theodosius I Peter IV Damian Anastasius Andronicus Benjamin I Agathon John III Isaac Simeon I Alexander II Cosmas I Theodore I Michael I Mina I John IV Mark II James Simeon II Joseph I Michael II Cosmas II Shenouda I Michael III Gabriel I Cosmas III Macarius I Theophilus II Mina II Abraham Philotheos Zacharias Shenouda II Christodoulos Cyril II Michael IV Macarius II Gabriel II Michael V John V Mark III John VI Cyril III Athanasius III John VII Gabriel III John VII Theodosius III John VIII John IX Benjamin II Peter V Mark IV John X Gabriel IV Matthew I Gabriel V John XI Matthew II Gabriel VI Michael VI John XII John XIII Gabriel VII John XIV Gabriel VIII Mark V John XV Matthew III Mark VI Matthew IV John XVI Peter VI John XVII Mark VII John XVIII Mark VIII Peter VII Cyril IV Demetrius II Cyril V John XIX Macarius III Joseph II Cyril VI Shenouda III Tawadros II (current)
Greek Orthodox Popes and Patriarchs (451–present)	Proterius Timothy II Timothy III John I Peter III Athanasius II John II John III Dioscorus II Timothy IV Theodosius I Gaianus Paul Zoilus Apollinarius John IV Eulogius Theodore I John V George I Cyrus Peter IV Peter V Peter VI Cosmas I Politianus Eustatius Christopher I Sophronius I Michael I Michael II Christodoulos Eutychius Sophronius II Isaac Job Elias I Arsenius Theophilus II George II Leontius Alexander II John VI Cyril II Sabbas Sophronius III Elias II Eleutherius Mark III* Nicholas I Gregory I Nicholas II Athanasius III Gregory II Gregory III Niphon Mark IV Nicholas III Gregory IV Nicholas IV Athanasius IV Mark V Philotheus Mark VI Gregory V Joachim I Silvester Meletius I Pegas Cyril III Gerasimus I Metrophanes Nicephorus Joannicius Paisius Parthenius I Gerasimus II Samuel Cosmas II Cosmas III Matthew Cyprian Gerasimus III Parthenius II Theophilus III Hierotheus I Artemius Hierotheus II Callinicus Jacob Nicanor Nilus Sophronius IV Photius Meletius II Nicholas V Christopher II Nicholas VI Parthenius III Peter VII Theodore II (current)
Latin Catholic (1276–1954)	Atanasio (Athanasius) Egidio da Ferrara (Giles) ?Humbert II, Dauphin of Vienne Juan (John) Guillaume de Chanac Arnaud Bernard du Pouget (Arnaldo Bernardi) uncanonicalJean de Cardaillac Pietro Amely di Brunac ?Johannes Walteri von Sinten uncanonicalSimon of Cramaud Pietro Amely di Brunac Leonardo Dolfin Ugo Roberti Pietro Amaury di Lordat Lancelotus de Navarra Giovanni Contarini Pietro Vitalis di Mauléon Giovanni Vitelleschi Marco Condulmer Jean d'Harcourt Arnaldo Rogerii de Palas Pedro de Urrea Pedro González de Mendoza Diego Hurtado de Mendoza Alonso de Fonseca y Acevedo Bernardino Carafa Cesare Riario Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora Ottaviano Maria Sforza Julius Gonzaga Cristoforo Guidalotti Ciocchi del Monte Jacques Cortès Tommaso Alessandro Riario Enrico Caetani Giovanni Battista Albani Camillo Caetani Séraphin Olivier-Razali Alessandro di Sangro Honoratus Caetani Federico Borromeo Allesandro Crescenzi Aloysius Bevilacqua Petrus Draghi Bartoli Gregorio Giuseppe Gaetani de Aragonia Carlo Ambrosio Mezzabarba Filippo Carlo Spada Girolamo Crispi Giuseppe Antonio Davanzati Lodovico Agnello Anastasi Francisco Mattei Augustus Foscolo Paolo Angelo Ballerini Domenico Marinangeli Paolo de Huyn Luca Ermenegildo Pasetto
Melkite Catholic (1724–present)	Cyril VI Tanas Athanasius IV Jawhar Maximos II Hakim Theodosius V Dahan Athanasius IV Jawhar Cyril VII Siaj Agapius II Matar Ignatius IV Sarrouf Athanasius V Matar Macarius IV Tawil Ignatius V Qattan Maximos III Mazloum Clement Bahouth Gregory II Youssef-Sayur Peter IV Geraigiry Cyril VIII Geha Demetrius I Qadi Cyril IX Moghabghab Maximos IV Sayegh Maximos V Hakim Gregory III Laham Youssef I Absi
Coptic Catholic (1824–present)	Maximos Jouwed Kyrillos Makarios Stéphanos I Sidarouss Stéphanos II Ghattas Antonios I Naguib Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak
*Markianos is considered Mark II on the Greek side of the subsequent schism, hence this numbering of Mark III. Category Commons

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF 2 3 GND FAST WorldCat
National	United States Poland Israel
People	Deutsche Biographie
Other	Yale LUX

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