ThePolygonaceae are afamily offlowering plants knowninformally as theknotweed family orsmartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. Thename isbased on thegenusPolygonum, and was first used byAntoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 in his book,Genera Plantarum.[2] The name may refer to the many swollennodes the stems of some species have, beingderived fromGreek [poly meaning 'many' andgony meaning 'knee' or 'joint']. Alternatively, it may have a different origin, meaning 'many seeds'.[3]
Brandbyge wrote descriptions for 43 genera of Polygonaceae in 1993.[7] Since then, a few more genera have been erected, and somesegregates ofBrunnichia,Eriogonum, andPersicaria have been given genericstatus in major works.[6][14][16] Some of the genera were found not to bemonophyletic and their limits have been revised. These includeRuprechtia,Eriogonum,Chorizanthe,Persicaria,Aconogonon,Polygonum,Fallopia, andMuehlenbeckia.
^abAngiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III",Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,161 (2):105–121,doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x,hdl:10654/18083
^Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. 1789.Genera plantarum: secundum ordines naturales disposita, juxta methodum in Horto regio parisiensi exaratam. page 82. Herrisant and Barrois: Paris, France. (seeExternal links below)
^Costea, Mihai; Tardif, François J. & Hinds, Harold R."Polygonum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).Flora of North America(online). eFloras.org.Archived from the original on 2021-05-06. Retrieved2019-05-10.
^abcDavid J. Mabberley. 2008.Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK.ISBN978-0-521-82071-4
^abCraig C. Freeman and James L. Reveal. 2005. "Polygonaceae" pages 216-601. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (editors).Flora of North America vol. 5. Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA.ISBN978-0-19-522211-1 (seeExternal links below)
^abcJohn Brandbyge. 1993. "Polygonaceae". pages 531-544. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor); Jens G. Rohwer, and Volker Bittrich (volume editors).The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume II. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, GermanyISBN978-3-540-55509-4 (Berlin)ISBN978-0-387-55509-6 (New York)
^Anthony Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (1992).The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press,Limited: London. The Stockton Press: New York.ISBN978-0-333-47494-5 (set).
^George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst "A Tropical Garden Flora" Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. (2005)
^Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham.Flowering Plant Families of the World. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. (2007).ISBN978-1-55407-206-4.
^abSanchez, Adriana; Schuster, Tanja M.; Kron, Kathleen A. (2009). "A large-scale phylogeny of Polygonaceae based on molecular data".International Journal of Plant Sciences.170 (8):1044–1055.doi:10.1086/605121.S2CID84694521.
^abcBurke, Janelle M.; Sanchez, Adriana; Kron, Kathleen; Luckow, Melissa (2010). "Placing the woody tropical genera of Polygonaceae: A hypothesis of character evolution and phylogeny".American Journal of Botany.97 (8):1377–1390.doi:10.3732/ajb.1000022.PMID21616890.
^Sanchez, Adriana; Kron, Kathleen A. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships ofAfrobrunnichia Hutch. & Dalziel (Polygonaceae) based on three chloroplast genes and ITS".Taxon.58 (3):781–792.doi:10.1002/tax.583008.
^Anjen Li, Bojian Bao, Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina, Suk-pyo Hong, John McNeill, Sergei L. Mosyakin, Hideaki Ohba, and Chong-wook Park. 2003. "Polygonaceae" pages 277-350. In: Zhengyi Wu, Peter H. Raven, and Deyuan Hong (editors).Flora of China volume 5. Science Press: Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press: St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
^Samuel B. Jones and Arlene E. Luchsinger. 1979.Plant systematics. McGraw-Hill series in organismic biology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Page 254.ISBN0-07-032795-5
^Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Peter F. Stevens, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2008.Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, Third Edition. Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA, USA.ISBN978-0-87893-407-2
^Armen L. Takhtajan (Takhtadzhian).Flowering Plants second edition (2009), pages 155-156. Springer Science+Business Media.ISBN978-1-4020-9608-2. (seeExternal links below)
^"PolygonaceaeJuss.".Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved17 April 2024.
