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Polyglycylation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Polyglycylation is a form ofposttranslational modification ofglutamate residues of thecarboxyl-terminal regiontubulin in certainmicrotubules (e.g., axonemal) originally discovered inParamecium,^[1] and later shown in mammalian neurons as well.^[2]

^Redeker V, Levilliers N, Schmitter JM, Le Caer JP, Rossier J, Adoutte A, Bré MH (1994). "Polyglycylation of tubulin: a posttranslational modification in axonemal microtubules".Science.266 (5191):1688–1691.Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1688R.doi:10.1126/science.7992051.PMID 7992051.
^Banerjee Asok (2002)."Coordination of posttranslational modifications of bovine brain alpha-tubulin. Polyglycylation of delta2 tubulin".J. Biol. Chem.277 (48):46140–46144.doi:10.1074/jbc.M208065200.PMID 12356754.

General

Single specificAAs

Serine/Threonine	Phosphorylation Dephosphorylation Glycosylation O-GlcNAc ADP-ribosylation
Tyrosine	Phosphorylation Dephosphorylation ADP-ribosylation Sulfation Porphyrin ring linkage Adenylylation Flavin linkage Topaquinone (TPQ) formation Detyrosination
Cysteine	Palmitoylation Prenylation
Aspartate	Succinimide formation ADP-ribosylation
Glutamate	Carboxylation ADP-ribosylation Methylation Polyglutamylation Polyglycylation
Asparagine	Deamidation Glycosylation
Glutamine	Transglutamination
Lysine	Methylation Acetylation Acylation Adenylylation Hydroxylation Ubiquitination Sumoylation ADP-ribosylation Deamination Oxidative deamination to aldehyde O-glycosylation Imine formation Glycation Carbamylation Succinylation Lactylation Propionylation Butyrylation
Arginine	Citrullination Methylation ADP-ribosylation
Proline	Hydroxylation
Histidine	Diphthamide formation Adenylylation
Tryptophan	C-mannosylation

Crosslinks between twoAAs

Cysteine–Cysteine	Disulfide bond ADP-ribosylation
Methionine–Hydroxylysine	Sulfilimine bond
Lysine–Tyrosine	Lysine tyrosylquinone (LTQ) formation
Tryptophan–Tryptophan	Tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) formation

Crosslinks between threeAAs

Serine–Tyrosine–Glycine	p-Hydroxybenzylidene-imidazolinone (HBI) formation (chromophore)
Histidine–Tyrosine–Glycine	4-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-imidazolinone (HBI) formation (chromophore)
Alanine–Serine–Glycine	Methylidene-imidazolone (MIO) formation

Crosslinks between fourAAs

Allysine–Allysine–Allysine–Lysine	Desmosine