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Apolitical organisation is anyorganisation whose primary purpose is involving itself in thepolitical process, includingpolitical parties,non-governmental organisations, and special interestadvocacy groups. Political organisations are those engaged in political activities (e.g.,lobbying,community organizing,campaign advertising, etc.) aimed at achieving clearly defined political goals, which typically benefit the interests of their members.
While parties are one type of political organisation that may engage in some or all of those activities, they are distinct in that they typically focus on supportingcandidates for public office, winningelections and controllinggovernment.
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The most well-known type of political organisation is thepolitical party. Political parties are directly involved in the political processes of countries with party systems, of which there are several types.
Some of the most common types aremulti-party systems,single party systems, andtwo party systems.
In multi-party systems such as India, Pakistan, etc., there is no restriction on the number of parties allowed to be in operation at any given time. Under these types of systems, people are free to participate in the political process both through elections and by forming their own political parties as they please.
Examples of multi-party systems are:
Insingle-party systems, one political party exercises control over the government. Unlike under other systems, single-party systems do not necessarily extend democratic privileges to the citizens. This means that citizens have little say regarding political subjects.
Examples of single-party systems are:
Two-party systems are similar to multi-party systems in that power is not concentrated in one party and that parties have to consider the opinion of the general public in order to retain power by winning elections.Most two-party systems are technically multiparty systems but all power is effectively concentrated amongst two parties or coalitions.
Examples of two-party systems are:
Another type of political organisation is the party coalition. A party coalition is a group of political parties operating together inparliament. Oftentimes, party coalitions are formed after elections have taken place and no party has clearly won a majority seat in parliament (e.g. theAAP-Congress Government inDelhi). Other coalitions are formed prior to elections and are effectively agreements between two or more parties to run jointly in elections and to pursue similar agendas (e.g. theNational Democratic Alliance in India, and theLiberal/National Coalition in Australia). Theelectoral thresholds for multi-party alliances are set differently in many countries depending on the number of parties.
Parliamentary groups are groups of some members of the same political party or electoral fusion of parties, also calledcaucus in theUnited States Congress and theParliament of Canada.[1]
A technical group or mixed group is a heterogenous parliamentary group composed of elected officials from political parties of differing ideologies (or independent of any party) who are not numerous enough to form groups on their own.
A political group is a group composed of multiple political parties or independents of aligned ideologies.
A labour union (or trade union) is a political organisation formed to promote the interests of workers.
Labour unions have various roles in modern politics, including:
Unlike other political organisations, labor unions do not directly participate in elections, although they may campaign for parties and politicians supporting their positions. Labour unionisation is a way for workers to maintain unity and preserve their rights. Often, major corporations antagonise the principle of labor unionisation since it results in heavier employment regulations which restrict the powers of big business to fire workers at will, effectively causing economic difficulties for such companies.
