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Polish manual alphabet

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Alphabet used in Polish Sign Language

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First published version of the Polish manual alphabet

ThePolish manual alphabet is a single-handedmanual alphabet used inPolish Sign Language (Polski język migowy; PJM).

PJM usersfingerspell via this alphabet, to express words that are not otherwise available within PJM. Such use cases include names, technical jargon, and abbreviations/acronyms.^[1]^: 4

References

[edit]

^Tomaszewski, Piotr (30 November 2015)."Constraints on Negative Prefixation in Polish Sign Language".PLoS ONE.10 (11) e0143574.Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1043574T.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143574.PMC 4664272.PMID 26619066.

v t e Manual alphabets
Alphabets	American Catalan Chilean Esperanto French Hungarian Irish Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Ukrainian Yugoslav
Types	Two-handed

Sign language

Language
families^[a]

Sign languages by family

Australian
Aboriginal
(multiple families)^[c]

Western Desert	Kartutjarra Manjiljarra Ngaatjatjarra
Zendath Kesign	Meriam Western Torres Strait Islander

Arab (Ishaaric)

Iraqi–
Levantine

Iraqi
Levantine	Jordanian Lebanese Palestinian Syrian

Possible

Chinese Sign

Chinese (CSL/ZGS)
- Shanghai
  - Hong Kong (HKSL)
    - Macau

Chilean-Paraguayan-
Uruguayan Sign

Chilean (LSCh)
Paraguayan- Uruguayan Sign	Paraguay (LSPY) Uruguay (LSU)

Francosign

American
(ASLic)

American (ASL) Black ASL (BASL) Protactile Bolivian Burmese Yangon Mandalay Cambodian Costa Rican Dominican Guyanese Jamaican Malaysian (BIM) Panamanian Filipino (FSL) Puerto Rican (PRSL) Singapore (SgSL)
Indonesian (Nusantaric)	Indonesian (Bisindo) Jakarta Yogyakarta
Francophone African (Françafrosign)	Ethiopian Chadian Ghanaian Guinean Bamako (LaSiMa) Moroccan Nigerian Sierra Leonean
Mixed,Hand Talk	Oneida (OSL)
Mixed,Hoailona ʻŌlelo	Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)
Mixed,French (LSF)	Greek (ΕΝΓ/ENG) Cypriot (ΚΝΓ/KNG) Quebec (LSQ)

Austro-
Hungarian

Czech (ČZJ) Hungarian (Magyar Jelnyev) Austrian (ÖGS) Slovak (SPJ) Ukrainian (УЖМ/USL)
Russian Sign	Azerbaijani (AİD) Bulgarian (БЖЕ) Georgian Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL) Latvian (LSL) Mongolian Russian (РЖЯ)
Yugoslavic Sign	Croatian (HZJ) Kosovar Serbian Slovenian Yugoslav (YSL)

Dutch Sign

Italian Sign

Mexican Sign

Old Belgian

Danish (Tegnic)

Viet-Thai

Hand Talk

Great Basin Northeast Plains Sign Talk Southeast Southwest
Mixed,American (ASL)	Oneida (OSL)
Plateau	A'aninin Kalispel Ktunaxa (ʾa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam) Nesilextcl'n Shuswap (Secwepemcékst) Sqeliz

Indo-Pakistani
Sign

Bangalore-Madras
Beluchistan
Bengali
Bombay
Calcutta
Delhi
Nepali
North West Frontier Province
Punjab-Sindh

Japanese Sign

Kentish^[c]

Old Kentish
Chilmark
- Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)

Maya (Meemul Tziij /
Meemul Ch'aab'al)

Highland Maya
Yucatec
- Chicán
- Nohkop
- Nohya
- Trascorral
- Cepeda Peraza

NW Eurosign

BANZSL

Auslan Papua New Guinean (PNGSL) British (BSL) Northern Ireland (NISL) Fijian Maritime (MSL) New Zealand (NZSL) Samoan South African (SASL)
Swedish Sign	Eritrean (EriSL) Finland-Swedish (FinSSL) Portuguese (LGP) Cape Verdian (LGC) São Tomé and Príncipean (LGSTP) Swedish (Teckenspråk) Finnish (Viittomakieli)

German Sign

Original Thai Sign

Paget Gorman

Namibian (NSL)

Providencia–
Cayman Sign

Isolates

Other groupings

By region^[a]

Sign languages by region
Africa	Algeria Algerian Ghardaia Cameroon Maroua Cape Verde Cape Verdian (LGC) Ghana Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa) Nanabin Ivory Coast Bouakako (LaSiBo) Kenya Kenyan Malawi Malawian Mali Bamako (LaSiMa) Berbey Tebul Mozambique Mozambican Nigeria Bura Hausa (Magannar Hannu) Rwanda Rwandan (Amarenga) São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipean (LGSTP) Senegal Mbour Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti Somali South Africa South African Tanzania Tanzanian Uganda Ugandan Zambia Zambian
Asia	Bengal Bengali Cambodia Cambodian China Chinese Hong Kong Hong Kong (HKSL) India Alipur Bengali Indo-Pakistani Naga Indonesia Indonesian Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese) Iran Iranian (Esharani) Qahveh Khaneh Iraq Iraqi Kurdish Israel Al-Sayyid Bedouin Ghardaia Israeli Kafr Qasem Japan Japanese Koniya Miyakubo Korea Korean Kazakhstan Kazakh-Russian Laos Laotian Malaysia Malaysian Penang Selangor Maldives Maldives Mongolia Mongolian Nepal Ghandruk Jhankot Jumla Maunabudhuk–Bodhe Nepalese Philippines Filipino Saudi Arabia Saudi Singapore Singapore Sri Lanka Sri Lankan Taiwan Taiwanese Tajikistan Russian Tibet Tibetan (Bökyi lagda) Thailand Old Bangkok Chiangmai Thai Ban Khor (Pasa kidd) Vietnam Vietnamese
Europe	Armenia Armenian Austria Austrian Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Belgium Flemish French Belgian United Kingdom British Croatia Croatian Denmark Danish Faroese (Teknmál) Estonia Estonian Finland Finnish France Ghardaia French Lyons Georgia Georgian Germany German Greece Greek Hungary Hungarian Iceland Icelandic Ireland Irish Italy Italian Kosovo Yugoslav (Kosovar) Latvia Latvian Lithuania Lithuanian Moldova Russian Netherlands Dutch North Macedonia Macedonian Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Norway Norwegian Poland Polish Portugal Portuguese Russia Russian Slovenia Slovenian Spain Catalan Spanish Valencian Sweden Swedish Switzerland Swiss-German Turkey Central Taurus (CTSL/OTİD) Mardin Turkish Ukraine Ukrainian
North and Central America	Belize Belizean Canada American (ASL) Black ASL Protactile Hand Talk Oneida (OSL) Plateau Inuit (IUR) Maritime (MSL) Sawmill Quebec Cayman Old Cayman Costa Rica Bribri Brunca Old Costa Rican New Costa Rican Cuba Cuban Greenland Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq) Guatemala Guatemalan Mayan Haiti Haitian Honduras Bay Islands Honduran Mexico Albarradas Chatino Mayan Mexican Nicaragua Nicaraguan Panama Chiriqui Panamanian Puerto Rico (USA) American (ASL) Puerto Rican Orocovis El Salvador Salvadoran (LESSO) Old Salvadoran United States American (ASL) Black ASL Protactile Hand Talk Oneida (OSL) Plateau Henniker Keresan (Keresign) Martha's Vineyard Navajo Family Sandy River Valley Sawmill
Oceania	Australia Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke) Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme) Auslan Australian-Irish Manjiljarra Mudbura (Mudburra) Ngada Umpila Far North Queensland Warlmanpa Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka) Warumungu (Warramunga) Western Desert Western Torres Strait Islander Yir Yoront Yolŋu Hawaii (USA) Hawaiʻan (Haoilona ʻŌlelo) New Zealand New Zealand (NZSL) Papua New Guinea Enga Kailge Mehek Mount Avejaha Papua New Guinean (PNGSL) Rossel Island Sinasina Wanib Samoa and American Samoa Samoan
South America	Argentina Argentine (LSA) Bolivia Bolivian Brazil Brazilian (Libras) Cena Ka'apor South Rupununi Terena Chile Chilean Colombia Colombian Provisle Ecuador Ecuadorian Guyana Guyanese South Rupununi Paraguay Paraguayan Peru Carhuahuaran Inmaculada Peruvian Sivia Suriname Kajana Uruguay Uruguayan Venezuela Venezuelan
International	International Sign Makaton Monastic Signalong

ASL

Extinct
languages

Linguistics

Fingerspelling

Writing

Language
contact

Contact sign Initialized sign Mouthing
Signed Oral Languages	Indian Signing System Manually coded English Manually coded language in South Africa Manually Coded Malay Paget Gorman Sign System Signed Dutch Signed French Signed German Signed Italian Signed Japanese Signed Polish Signed Spanish Signing Exact English Signed Swedish
Others	Bilingual–bicultural education Manually coded language

Media

Persons

Organisations

Miscellaneous

^a Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely,ASL andBSL both originated in English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related toFrench Sign Language.

^b Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.

^cItalics indicateextinct languages.

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