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Podporuchik (Russian:подпору́чик,lit. 'sub-poruchik',Czech:podporučík,Slovak:podporučík),podporuchnik (Polish:podporucznik) orpotporuchnik (Serbo-Croatian:потпоручник, potporučnik,Macedonian:потпоручник) is the mostjunior officer rank in some Slavic armed forces, and is placed below the rank oflieutenant, typically corresponding to rank ofsecond lieutenant in English-speaking countries.
The rank was introduced first byPeter the Great in 1703[1] as an officer rank of the so-called ober-officer rank group. It belonged to rank class XIII (infantry), class XII (artillery, and engineer troops), and class X (guards) until 1884. In line with the military reforms in 1884,podpraporshik became in peace time. However, in the guards and the cossacks armed forcesCornet andChorąży remained the lowest officer rank.[citation needed]
The equivalent topodpraporshik wasMichman in the Imperial Russian Navy, and governmental secretary (Russian:губернский секретарь,romanized: gubernsky sekretar) in the civil administration.[citation needed]
The rank ofpotporučnik was adopted by theRevolutionary Serbian Army at the end of theFirst Serbian Uprising (1804–13), alongsideporučnik and others.[2]
It was the second lowestcommissioned officer rank in theRoyal Serbian Army (1882–1918).[3]
It is today the lowestcommissioned officer rank in theSerbian Armed Forces.
In Poland, the rank ofPodporucznik (lit. 'sub-lieutenant'; abbreviated "ppor.") is the lowest officer rank used within thePolish Army.[4] It is roughly equivalent to the military rank of theSecond lieutenant in the armed forces ofEnglish-speaking countries.
Graduates of military schools are awarded the rank ofpodporucznik by the office of thePresident of Poland upon the request of theMinistry of National Defence (Poland). The rank may also awarded by the way of a promotion provided certain conditions.[citation needed]
The rank ofpodporucznik also exists in theBorder Guard,Prison Service, theState Protection Service,Foreign Intelligence Agency,Military Intelligence Service [pl], theMilitary Counterintelligence Service, theInternal Security Agency, and in thePolish Navy.[citation needed]
A possible sequence of ranks (ascending) might be as follows:
![Podporučnik (Bosnian Ground Forces)[5]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aBosnia%2526Herzegovina-Army-OF-1a.svg)
![Потпоручник Potporučnik (North Macedonia Ground Forces)[6]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aNorth-Macedonia-Army-OF-1a.svg)
![Potporučnik (Montenegrin Ground Army)[7]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a10-Montenegro_Army-2LT.svg)
![Podporucznik (Polish Land Forces)[8]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aArmy-POL-OF-01b.svg)
![Потпоручник Potporučnik (Serbian Army)[9]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3a09-Serbian_Army-SLT.svg)
![Podporucznik marynarki (Polish Navy)[10]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aGeneric-Navy-4.svg)
![Потпоручник Potporučnik (Serbian River Flotilla)[9]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aGeneric-Navy-(star)-O1.svg)