| Zion Plovdiv Synagogue | |
|---|---|
Bulgarian:Паметник за спасение на пловдивските евреи Шофар | |
 The synagogue in 2010 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Judaism |
| Rite | |
| Ecclesiastical or organizational status | Synagogue |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Location | Tsar Kaloyan Street 13,Plovdiv |
| Country | Bulgaria |
  Location of the synagogue inBulgaria | |
| Coordinates | 42°9′2″N24°44′27″E / 42.15056°N 24.74083°E /42.15056; 24.74083 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Synagogue architecture |
| Style | Ottoman-style Balkan |
| Established | c. 1710(as a congregation) |
| Completed | 1892 |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 12 metres (39 ft) |
| Width | 12 metres (39 ft) |
| Dome | One |
| Materials | Brick |
| [1] | |
ThePlovdiv Synagogue, officially theZion Plovdiv Synagogue (Bulgarian:Паметник за спасение на пловдивските евреи Шофар,lit. 'Shofar for the salvation of Plovdiv Jews'), is aRomanioteJewish congregation andsynagogue, located in the city ofPlovdiv,Bulgaria. Built in 1892, the synagogue is one of the two active remaining synagogues in Bulgaria. The congregation worships in theSephardirite.
According to the archaeological research, a synagogue was constructed in ancientPhilippopolis dating from the reign of EmperorAlexander Severus in the first half of 3rd century AD.[2] It was followed by several renovations, the last one – from the beginning of 5th century (M. Martinova).[3] In 1360, when the city was conquered by the Turks, certain Jews who emigrated from Aragon in 1492 settled in Philippopolis and built a synagogue called "K. K. Aragon," which was standing in 1540, but is no longer in existence.
In 1892[1] following the Bulgarian liberation from Ottoman domination in 1878, one of the first synagogues to be erected was the (Zion) Synagogue in Plovdiv. It was built in the remnants of a small courtyard in what was once a large Jewish quarter called Orta Mezar during the Turkish rule. The location of the Sephardic synagogue is now called Tsar Kaloyan Street 13. The synagogue is one of the best surviving examples of theOttoman-style Balkan synagogue.[4]
According to Ruth E. Gruber, the interior is a "hidden treasure…a glorious, if run-down, burst of color."[citation needed] An exquisite Venetian glass chandelier hangs from the center of the ceiling, which has a richly painted dome. All surfaces are covered in elaborate, Moorish-style, geometric designs in once-bright greens and blues. Torah scrolls are kept in the gilded Aron-ha-Kodesh.[5]
In 1904 the Jewish community possessed three other synagogues: Jeshurun, built in 1710 according to the inscription on a marble slab in the synagogue; Ahabat-Shalom, built in 1880; Shebeṭ Aḥim or Mafṭirim, founded in 1882 by emigrants from Karlovo, whence the Jews fled during the Turko-Russian war (1877-1878).[1] BeforeWorld War II, the Jewish quarter had a population of 7000.[6]
Nowadays, the Jewish community in Bulgaria is very small (863 in 1994)[6] because of theHolocaust,secularity of the local Jewish population due to many years of communism and subsequentAliya (Jewish immigration to Israel).
In 1994 the synagogue was mostly inactive.[6] but the community is undergoing a revival[7]In 2003 the synagogue was restored. The city's mayor, the U.S. and Israeli ambassadors to Bulgaria, were present at its inauguration.The funding for the restoration of the 19th-century Zion Synagogue. was raised by theU.S. Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad (US$26,000)[8] and theLondon-based Hanadiv Charitable Foundation.[9]
The Plovdiv synagogue is open on Friday night services and on High Holidays. Zion synagogue is also available for guests during the day only after a prescheduled visit. The synagogue hosts various events connected with the cultural and educational program of the city.[10]
A permanent exhibition about the Jewish life in the city and the region will soon be created and it will present different objects and stories from the community in Plovdiv and Bulgaria.[10]
The following individuals have served as chiefrabbi of the congregation and the city:
| Ordinal | Officeholder | Term commenced | Term ended | Time in office | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Abraham Sidi | 1790 | 1810 | 19–20 years | according to Zedner, l.c. p. 397, "Sa'id" |
| 2 | Judah Sidi | 1810 | 1812 | 1–2 years | Brother of the preceding, and author ofOt Emet, on the laws relating to reading the Torah, Salonica, 1799; and ofNer Miẓwah, onMaimonides'Yad and hisSefer ha-Miẓwot, with indexes to the hermeneutic works of Solomon and Israel Jacob Algazi, ib. 1810-11; |
| 3 | Abraham ibn Aroglio | 1812 | 1819 | 6–7 years | |
| 4 | Abraham Ventura | 1823 | 1829 | 5–6 years | |
| 5 | Moses ha-Levi | 1830 | 1832 | 1–2 years | |
| 6 | Jacob Finzi | 1832 | 1833 | 0–1 years | |
| 7 | Ḥayyim ibn Aroglio | 1833 | 1857 | 23–24 years | with Abraham ibn Aroglio, joint author ofMayim ha-Ḥayyim, responsa, Salonica, 1846 |
| 8 | Moses Behmoiras | 1857 | 1876 | 18–19 years | Ḥayyim Meborah (1876-92) |
| 9 | Ezra Benaroyo | 1892 | [1] | ||
| 10 | Shmuel Behar | [11] |
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