ThePleumoxii orPleumosii were a smallBelgic tribe living inGallia Belgica during theIron Age. They were clients of the most powerfulNervii.
They are attested asPleumoxii byCaesar (mid-1st c. BC).[1][2]
Early modern humanists usedPleumosia andPleumosii to refer respectively toFlanders and theFlemish.[3] The poemPleumosia, composed in 1620 by Elias Gifford about theBattle of Nieuwpoort (1600), applies the namePleumosia to the region in which the battle was fought.[3] The Greek formPleumósioi (Πλευμοσίοι) appears in the Greek translation ofDe Bello Gallico, first printed alongside the Latin text in 1606.[4] This usage persisted into the 19th century, when some translations, such as that of William Duncan, renderedPleumoxii as "Pleumosians".[5]
Based on Caesar's account, their territory was located somewhere in the vicinity ofNervian territory.[2]
During theGallic Wars (58–50 BC), they are cited byCaesar as clients of theNervii.[2]
They therefore immediately sent messengers to the Ceutrones, Grudii, Levaci, Pleumoxii, Geidumni, all of whom were held under their control, then collected the largest contingents they could and swooped unexpectedly on Cicero’s winter quarters
— Caesar,Gallic Wars, V 39
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