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| Pleroma | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Developers | lain,et. al |
| Initial release | 0.9.9 / February 22, 2019; 6 years ago (2019-02-22)[1] |
| Stable release | |
| Repository | |
| Written in | Elixir,JavaScript |
| Operating system | Cross-platform |
| Type | Microblogging |
| License | AGPLv3 |
| Website | pleroma |
Pleroma is afree and open-sourcemicrobloggingsocial networking service. Unlike popular microblogging services such asTwitter orWeibo, Pleroma can beself-hosted and operated by anyone with aserver and aweb domain, a combination commonly referred to as an instance. Instance administrators can manage their owncode of conduct,terms of service, andcontent moderation policies, allowing users to have more control over the content they view as well as their experience.[3][4] It was named after the religious concept ofpleroma, or the totality of divine powers.[5]
The software also implements theActivityPub protocol, which allows users to communicate and interact with content from other Pleroma instances or any server that is running software that supports ActivityPub (such asMastodon,Misskey,Pixelfed, etc.), adecentralized network commonly referred to as theFediverse.[6]
As of July 2024, over 138k user accounts (1.3% of the total amount of fediverse users) have been found on over a thousand Pleroma instances.[7]
In 2016, the Pleroma project was created by aGerman developer under the pseudonym "lain".[8] It was originally designed as an alternativeuser interface forGNU social with many similarities to Qvitter, a popularfrontend at the time which resembled an earlyTwitter user interface. The frontend was written with theVue.jsJavaScriptframework.
As development of the frontend continued, it was perceived that there were many disadvantages to GNU social's design of usingplugins to implement features, as well as issues with itscodebase and usage ofPHP, which led to the development of a backend to replace GNU social.[9][10] The first commit to therepository hosting the Pleroma backend was made on March 17, 2017.[11]
On February 22, 2019, the first stable release of the Pleroma backend, 0.9.9, was released.[12] The backend includes the Pleroma frontend as the main user interface, federation of user content usingOStatus andActivityPub and support for the GNU social andMastodonclient APIs. The backend was built using theElixir programming language and thePhoenix web framework, and usesPostgreSQL for its database.[13]
On June 28, 2019, Pleroma 1.0 was released. This release adds the ability to createpolls, report content and schedule posts to be posted at a later date. A new website containingdocumentation for users and administrators was also launched.[14][15]
On March 8, 2020, Pleroma 2.0 was released. This release drops support for the OStatus protocol due to a lack of usage and active maintenance, introduces a new user interface for administration and adds post reactions usingUnicode emoji.[16][17]
On August 28, 2020, Pleroma 2.1 was released. This release includes a federatedinstant messaging system based on ActivityPub, an alternative to thedirect messages system used by other software such as Mastodon.[18]
On October 29, 2023, Pleroma 2.6 was released. This release implements quoting posts as well as the ability to use custom emoji for post reactions.[19]
Pleroma was originally developed with its frontend and backend releasing new versions in sync, but starting with Pleroma 2.6.1 the policy was discontinued.[20]
On August 1, 2024, Pleroma 2.7 was released, adding support for uploading files viaIPFS, bookmark categorization, improved theming and various quality-of-life improvements.[21]
Akkoma is afork of Pleroma that started development in 2022. The fork was made to support a faster pace of development, as well as to support more user customization.[22][23]
Pleroma has been described as beingmore lightweight than alternatives likeMastodon, due to being less intensive on system resources and requiring fewer software dependencies.[24]
Pleroma's default post length limit is 5000 characters, and can be configured by instance administrators.[13][25] It is capable of uploading and sharingmultimedia, as well aspolls.[26] Posts are created by default using plaintext, but can also be translated from a variety of markup languages such asHTML,BBCode andMarkdown.
While Pleroma comes with its ownfrontend by default, instance administrators can install additional user interfaces, such as a port of Mastodon's advanced mode (similar toTweetDeck) as well as a interface for theGopher protocol.[27]
Pleroma includes a system known as the Message Rewrite Facility (or MRF), which allows administrators of a Pleroma instance to modify the content that it sends and receives. By default, Pleroma provides a selection of policies, including a basic moderation policy that can create restrictions onfederation with other instances. Custom MRF policies can be written using any language based on theBEAM virtual machine.[28] This system has been used as a method to study howcontent moderation works in theFediverse and the challenges that it faces, since the list of active policies is publicly shown by default through both theAPI and thefrontend.[29]
TheDebian community hosts their ownmicroblogging service using Pleroma, as part of a project to establish a suite ofsocial networking services for maintainers.[30][31]
Pleroma has received funding through theNLNet Foundation to aid development.[32]
