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Place of worship

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Specially designed structure for use in worship
Several terms redirect here. For other uses, seePlace of worship (disambiguation).
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A place of worship forIslam. TheMasjid al-Qiblatayn inMedina,Saudi Arabia
Golden Temple is the holiestSikhGurdwara, located inPunjab, India
MandaeanBeth Manda (Mashkhanna) inNasiriyah, southern Iraq in 2016. Place of worship for the only survivingGnostic religion from antiquity

Aplace of worship is a specially designed structure or space where individuals or a group of people such as acongregation come to perform acts of devotion, veneration, or religious study. A building constructed or used for this purpose is sometimes called ahouse of worship.Temples,churches,mosques, andsynagogues are main examples of structures created for worship. Amonastery may serve both to house those belonging to religious orders and as a place of worship for visitors.Natural or topographical features may also serve as places of worship, and are consideredholy or sacrosanct in some religions; the rituals associated with theGanges river are an example inHinduism.

Underinternational humanitarian law and theGeneva Conventions, religious buildings are offered special protection, similar to the protection guaranteed hospitals displaying theRed Cross or Red Crescent. These international laws of war bar firing upon or from a religious building.

Religious architecture expresses the religious beliefs, aesthetic choices, and economic and technological capacity of those who create or adapt it, and thus places of worship show great variety depending on time and place.

Types

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Sacred altar at theTemple of Heaven, Beijing

The contemporary places of worship include following types:

  1. Sanctuary (shrine,altar);
  2. Temple (church,oratory,synagogue,mosque,mandir,pagoda);
  3. Chapel,baptistery, and such;
  4. Monastery
  5. Reliquary (stupa,chasse);
  6. Funeral places (place of ablutions and funeral services,cemetery,crematorium,columbarium).
  7. sacrificial site, a site for religious sacrifice and offering

Buddhism

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Main article:Buddhist temple
See also:List of Buddhist temples

Christianity

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Main article:Church (building)
See also:List of churches

The wordchurch derives from the Greekekklesia, meaningthe called-out ones. Its original meaning is to refer to the body of believers, or the body of Christ.[1] The wordchurch is used to refer to a Christian place of worship by someChristian denominations, includingAnglicans andCatholics. OtherChristian denominations, including theReligious Society of Friends,Mennonites,Christadelphians, and someunitarians, object to the use of the word "church" to refer to a building, as they argue that this word should be reserved for the body of believers who worship there.[2] Instead, these groups use words such as "Hall" to identify their places of worship or any building in use by them for the purpose of assembly.

Classical antiquity

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Ancient Greece

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Ancient Rome

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Hinduism

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AHindu temple is a symbolic house, seat and body of god. It is a structure designed to bring human beings and gods together, using symbolism to express the ideas and beliefs ofHinduism.[4][5] The symbolism and structure of a Hindu temple are rooted in Vedic traditions, deploying circles and squares.[6] A temple incorporates all elements of Hindu cosmos—presenting the good, the evil and the human, as well as the elements of Hindu sense of cyclic time and the essence of life—symbolically presentingdharma,kama,artha,moksa, andkarma.[7][8][9]

Islam

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Amosque (Arabic:مسجد,romanizedmasjid), literally meaning "place of prostration", is a place of worship for followers ofIslam.There are strict and detailed requirements in Sunni jurisprudence (fiqh) for a place of worship to be considered a masjid, with places that do not meet these requirements regarded as musallas. There are stringent restrictions on the uses of the area formally demarcated as the mosque (which is often a small portion of the larger complex), and, in the Islamic Sharia law, after an area is formally designated as a mosque, it remains so until the Last Day.

Many mosques have elaborate domes, minarets, and prayer halls, in varying styles of architecture. Mosques originated on the Arabian Peninsula, but are now found in all inhabited continents. The mosque serves as a place where Muslims can come together for salat (صلاة ṣalāt, meaning "prayer") as well as a center for information, education, social welfare, and dispute settlement. The imam leads the congregation in prayer.

Jainism

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Derasar is a word used for a Jain temple in Gujarat and southern Rajasthan.Basadi is aJain shrine or temple in Karnataka[10]There are some guidelines to follow when one is visiting a Jain temple:[11]

  • Before entering the temple, one should bathe and wear freshly-washed clothes
  • One should not be chewing any edibles
  • One should try to keep as silent as possible inside the temple.
  • Mobile phones should not be used in the temple.

Judaism

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  • SynagogueJudaism
    • Some synagogues, especially Reform synagogues, are called temples, but Orthodox and Conservative Judaism considers this inappropriate as it does not consider synagogues a replacement for theTemple in Jerusalem.

Some Jewish congregations use theYiddish term 'shul' (from the sameancient Greek source as the English word "school") to describe their place of worship, or theHebrewBeyt ha-Knesset (Hebrew בית הכנסת) meaning house of assembly.[12]

Mandaeism

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  • Mandi /Mashkhanna /Beth MandaMandaeism
    • A mandi or Beth Manda (Beit Manda orBit Manda, 'house of knowledge') is a cultic hut and place of worship for followers of Mandaeism.

Norse paganism

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Shinto

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Sikhism

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Taoism

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Vietnamese ancestral worship

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Zoroastrianism

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Religious precincts

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A religious precinct is the area around a religious site, such as atemple, that is dedicated to religious purposes. A religious precinct may bedefined by a physical enclosure, although this is not always the case.[13] Religious precincts are an aspect of the spatiality of religion.[14]

Religious precincts in urban settings often serve a mixture of religious and non-religious purposes.[14] In some cases, a religious precinct may take up a substantial part of a city: the sacred precinct inTenochtitlan encompassed 78 buildings.[15]

Inpolytheistic faiths, a religious precinct may encompass sites dedicated to multiple gods. The ancient Roman sacred precinct atAltbachtal encompassed more than 70 distinct temples.[16]

Gateway to the Precinct of Montu at theKarnak Temple Complex.

See also

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References

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  1. ^"The New Testament Definition of the Church". Retrieved23 June 2009.
  2. ^Gee, Matthew (8 May 2009)."Meeting for Church Affairs".The Friend.167 (19). London, UK: 8.ISSN 0016-1268. Archived fromthe original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved23 June 2009.
  3. ^^ Robinson, James. Religions of the World: Hinduism.1st. Chelsea House Publishers, 2004. Page 72. ^ Werner, Karel (1994). A Popular Dictionary of Hinduism. Curzon Press.ISBN 0-7007-1049-3. ^ a b c Narayanan, Vasudha. "The Hindu Tradition". In A Concise Introduction to World Religions, ed. Willard G. Oxtoby and Alan F. Segal. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007 ^ Bain, Keith, Pippa Bryun, and David Allardice. Frommer's India. 1st. New Jersey: Wiley Publishing, 2010. Page 75 ^ Harley, Gail M (2003). Hindu and Sikh Faiths in America. Facts on File, Inc.ISBN 0-8160-4987-4. ^http://www.mandir.org/awards&opinions/Buildings%20and%20structures.htmArchived 10 February 2009 at theWayback Machine
  4. ^Stella Kramrisch (1946).The Hindu Temple. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 135, context: 40–43,110–114, 129–139 with footnotes.ISBN 978-81-208-0223-0.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help), Quote: "The [Hindu] temple is the seat and dwelling of God, according to the majority of the [Indian] names" (p. 135); "The temple as Vimana, proportionately measured throughout, is the house and body of God" (p. 133).
  5. ^George Michell (1977).The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms. University of Chicago Press. pp. 61–62.ISBN 978-0-226-53230-1.; Quote: "The Hindu temple is designed to bring about contact between man and the gods" (...) "The architecture of the Hindu temple symbolically represents this quest by setting out to dissolve the boundaries between man and the divine".
  6. ^Stella Kramrisch (1946).The Hindu Temple. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 19–43,135–137, context: 129–144 with footnotes.ISBN 978-81-208-0223-0.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  7. ^Stella Kramrisch,The Hindu Temple, Vol 2, Motilal Banarsidass,ISBN 978-81-208-0222-3, pp. 346–357 and 423-424
  8. ^Klaus Klostermaier, The Divine Presence in Space and Time – Murti, Tirtha, Kala; in A Survey of Hinduism,ISBN 978-0-7914-7082-4, State University of New York Press, pp. 268–277.
  9. ^George Michell (1977).The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms. University of Chicago Press. pp. 61–76.ISBN 978-0-226-53230-1.
  10. ^"Basadi".
  11. ^CultureShock! India: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette, Gitanjali Kolanad,Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd, 2008 p. 45
  12. ^Leo Rosten,The Joys of Yiddish, © 1968;Pocket Books edition, 1970, p. 379
  13. ^Gharipour, Mohammad (2014).Sacred Precincts: The Religious Architecture of Non-Muslim Communities Across the Islamic World. BRILL.ISBN 9789004279063.Whether visible (as in the case of temples, churches, and synagogues) or invisible (as in the case of African spiritual traditions) the sacred precincts established and preserved by these minority groups attest to the maintenance of their cultural and religious identities.
  14. ^abJeon, Jin Yong; Hwang, In Hwan; Hong, Joo Young (2014). "Soundscape evaluation in a Catholic cathedral and Buddhist temple precincts through social surveys and soundwalks".Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.135 (4):1863–1874.Bibcode:2014ASAJ..135.1863J.doi:10.1121/1.4866239.PMID 25234985.
  15. ^Mark Cartwright (25 September 2013)."Tenochtitlan".World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved23 February 2020.
  16. ^Carroll, Maureen (2010)."Trier". In Gagarin, Michael (ed.).The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome. Vol. 6. Oxford University Press. p. 120.ISBN 9780195170726.

Further reading

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  • Media related toPlaces of worship at Wikimedia Commons
  • James P. Wind,Places of worship: exploring their history, Rowman Altamira, 1997
  • Vaughan Hart,Places of worship, Phaidon, 1999
  • Eric Kang,The Place of Worship, Essence Publishing, 2003
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