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| Piracy on Falcon Lake | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theMexican drug war | |||||||
 United States Coast Guardsmen patrolling Falcon Lake, October 2010. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Mexico United States | Los Zetas | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Mexico: 1 soldier killed and 1 investigator killed | 12 killed | ||||||
| Civilian casualties: 1 killed | |||||||
 | |||||||
Piracy on Falcon Lake refers to an increase in crime at the border between theUnited States andMexico onFalcon Lake. The lake is a 60-mile (97 km) longreservoir of theRio Grande that was constructed in 1954 and is a knowndrug smuggling route.[1]
Aturf war between rivaldrug cartels for control of the lake began in March 2010 and has led to a series ofarmed robberies and shooting incidents. All of the attacks were credited to theLos Zetas cartel and occurred primarily on the Mexican side of the reservoir but within sight of theTexas coast. The so-calledpirates operate "fleets" of small boats designed to seize fishermen and smuggle drugs.[2][3]
While the events have been referred to colloquially as piracy, all the waters of Falcon Lake are considered either US or Mexican territorial waters and therefore crime there is not technically piracy under Article 101 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.[4]
A turf war between the Los Zetas and theGulf Cartel began in early 2010 as part of theMexican Drug War. The violence in and aroundReynosa in March caused both civilians and Zeta cartel members to leave their homes and take refuge at Falcon Lake. Beginning in May 2010, the Zetas acquired several smallskiffs,bass boats andArgos boats which they used to patrol their side of the lake for Gulf Cartel members, though they often commit other crimes such as the robbing of civilian vessels close to the shore.
Some reports suggest that the Zetas commandeered boats belonging to Mexican fishermen and forced their crews to commit crimes. On April 30, 2010, five Americans in two boats were fishing on Falcon Lake at theOld Guerrero church. While there, a boat with four "heavily tattooed" menboarded the boats, demanded money and drugs. Ultimately the pirates received $200 cash before the American boats made an escape. The pirates followed the fishing boats, but the Americans got away when they crossed into United States territory.[citation needed]
On May 6, 2010 three fishermen in a boat off the north side of Salado Island were approached by a boat with two men armed withAR-15s. One of the pirates boarded the boat and searched it for drugs, money or guns. During the incident, one of the pirates chambered a round and told the fishermen that he would shoot if they did not give him money. On May 16, five armed men boarded and robbed another boat also on the American side of the lake. There has been at least three other confirmed incidents in which armed men dressed in black have boarded American boats while they were fishing just inside of Mexican waters.[3][5]
In late May, aBorder Patrol boat chased another boat occupied by men inski masks but the vessel was faster than the Americans and got away. Fishermen have also reported sighting small boats loaded with Mexicans andmachine guns. The pirates speak Spanish and claim to beMexican Police officers though they have been identified by tattoos of the letter "Z" for Zeta on their arms or necks.Texas Department of Public Safety officials issued a warning for American citizens to stay on the United States side of the water and to be on the lookout for vessels used by Mexican fishermen, boats with a largeprow, a small outboardmotor without acowling and no identification numbers on thehull. The warning has prevented many Texas fisherman and tourists from using the lake entirely.[1]
On August 31, United States authorities released a statement saying that pirates aboard a small boat tried to intercept an American fishing boat but the operator outran the attackers and returned to the Texas side of the reservoir. On the side of the pirate boat was the misspelled words "Game Wardin", written withtape. The fisherman noticed this mistake and assumed the approaching vessel to be a pirate.[5]
On September 30, 2010, the most serious incident involving the pirates thus far occurred whenMcAllen, Texas resident andColorado native David Hartley went missing while riding through the Mexican side of the lake on ajet ski with his wife Tiffany Hartley.[1][5][6] According to Tiffany's report to the Texas police, men in two small boats approached and fired on her and her husband with automatic weapons in an attempt to steal their jet skis. They then chased her back to the American side of the lake. Hartley also said that her husband was shot in the head and the pirates retrieved his body and the jet ski. Mr. Hartley's body remains missing. Both the Mexican and the United States governments launched an investigation in early October.Search and rescue teams searched the lake but no evidence was found.[1]
During the investigation, Mexicanhomicide detective Rolando Armando Flores Villegas ofTamaulipas was reportedly killed and his head delivered in a suitcase to the Mexican Army. The detective was one of many officers assigned to investigating the Hartley incident and he was allegedly killed only days after delivering a document to a local television station which named two of the suspected pirates. Gary Freeman, apolitical scientist at theUniversity of Texas, stated that "the beheading has such strong resonance withIslamic fundamentalism that it raises the specter of groups in Mexico being as fanatical and as bloodthirsty asOsama bin Laden and his gang. They seem to be copying some of their techniques, and that might be deliberate."[1][6] However, Mexican police stated they do not believe the killing to bear any relation to the Hartley case.[7]
On May 8, 2011,Mexican Naval Infantry patrolling the lake discovered a camp of Zetas on an island believed to be used for smugglingmarijuana into the United States byspeedboat. The marines fired first and a battle began that left twelve cartel members and one marine dead. Twentysmall arms were captured includingassault rifles.[8]
