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Pint

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Unit of volume in the imperial and US systems
For the glass in which beer is served, seePint glass.

Pint
A fullpint glass. Thefill line indicates a half pint.
General information
Unit ofvolume
Symbolpt, p
Conversions (imperial)
1 imp ptin ...... is equal to ...
   SI derived unit   568.26125 mL
Conversions (US)
1 US ptin ...... is equal to ...
   SI derived unit   473.176473 mL (liquid)
   SI derived unit   550.6104713575 mL (dry)

Thepint (/ˈpnt/,listen; symbolpt,[1][2] sometimes abbreviated asp[3]) is a unit ofvolume or capacity in both theimperial andUnited States customary measurement systems. In both of those systems, it is one-eighth of agallon.

The British imperial pint is 20.095% larger than the US pint becausethe two systems are defined differently. Almost all other countries have standardized on themetric system, so although some of them still also have traditional units called pints (such as for beverages), the volume varies by regional custom.

The imperial pint (≈568 mL) is used in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and otherCommonwealth countries. In the United States, two kinds of pint are used: a liquid pint (≈473 mL) and a less common dry pint (≈551 mL).

Otherformer British colonies, such as Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, converted to the metric system in the 1960s and 1970s, so while the termpint may still be in common use in these countries, it may no longer refer to the British imperial pint once used throughout theBritish Empire.

Name

[edit]
Further information:pint

Pint comes from theOld French wordpinte and perhaps ultimately fromVulgar Latinpincta meaning "painted", for marks painted on the side of a container to show capacity.[4] It is linguistically related, though greatly diverging in meaning, toPinto – anItalian,Spanish, andPortuguese name for a person with a speckled or dark complexion, often used as a surname in these languages.

In France, the French wordpinte is now used to describe a half-litre, slightly smaller than an Imperial pint, but inCanadian French it is used to describe an Imperial quart and the French wordchopine is used for an Imperial pint.[5]

Definitions

[edit]

Imperial pint

[edit]
The imperial pint is equal to one-eighth of an imperialgallon of exactly4.54609 L, i.e.568.26125 millilitres.
Imperial pint cans (568 mL) commonly found in British supermarkets
1 imperial pint ≡ 1/8imperialgallon
≡ 1/2imperialquart
≡ 4imperialgills
≡ 20imperialfluid ounces
≡ 568.26125millilitres[a][6]
≈ 34.6774291cubic inches[b]
≈ 0.15011874US gallons
≈ 0.600475US liquid quarts
≈ 1.20095US liquid pints
≈ 4.8038US gills
≈ 19.2152US fluid ounces
≈ 0.5160284US dry quarts
≈ 1.0320567US dry pints
≈ the volume of 20 oz (567 g) of water at 62 °F (16.7 °C)

US liquid pint

[edit]

In the United States, traditional length and volume measures have been legally standardized for commerce by theinternational yard and pound agreement of 1959, using the definition of 1 yard as 0.9144meters: from this definition, the metric equivalents for inches, feet, miles, area measures, and measures of volume are determined.

The liquid pint is legally defined as one-eighth of a gallon of exactly 231 cubic inches, i.e. 28.875 cubic inches or473.176473 mililitres.

US pint can, also marked 473 mL
1 US liquid pint ≡ 1/8US gallon
≡ 1/2US liquid quart
≡ 2UScups
≡ 4USgills
≡ 16USfluid ounces
≡ 28.875cubic inches[b]
≡ 473.176473millilitres[c]
≈ 0.1040843imperial gallons
≈ 0.4163371imperial quarts
≈ 0.8326742imperial pints
≈ 3.3306967imperial gills
≈ 16.6534837imperial fluid ounces
≡ 46200/107521US dry quart
≡ 92400/107521US dry pint
≈ the volume of 16.6534837 oz (472.11832 g) of water at 62 °F (16.7 °C)

US dry pint

[edit]

In the United States, the dry pint is equal to1/64 of a US bushel of exactly 2150.42 cubic inches, i.e. 33.6003125 cubic inches or550.6104713575 milliltres.

Blueberries labelled in English ("1 US dry pint") and French ("1 chopine sèche US 551 mL") for sale in the US and Canada
1 US dry pint
≡ 1/64 US bushel
≡ 1/16 US peck
≡ 1/2 US dry quart
≡ 33.6003125 cubic inches
≡ 550.6104713575 milliltres[c]
≡ 107521/739200 US gallon
≡ 107521/184800 US liquid quart
≡ ⁠1+15121/92400 US liquid pints
≡ ⁠4+15121/23100 US gills
≡ ⁠18+3571/5775 US fluid ounces
≈ 0.1211174 imperial gallons
≈ 0.4844695 imperial quarts
≈ 0.968939 imperial pints
≈ 3.8757559 imperial gills
≈ 19.3787794 imperial fluid ounces
≈ the volume of 19.3787794 oz (549.37915 g) of water at 62 °F (16.7 °C)

Other pints

[edit]
Different versions of the pint
TypeDefinitionEqualsComment
Flemishpintje
250 mL
India
330 mL
330 mL
'Pint bottle' capacity.
South Australian pint
425 mL
425 mL
Known in the rest of Australia as aschooner
Australian pint
570 mL
570 mL
Based on the imperial pint rounded to a metric value.
Royal pint orpinte du roi
48 French cubic inches
≈ 952 mL
Varied by region from 0.95 to over 2 litres.
Canadianpinte de bière (only in French)
Imperial quart
≈ 1136 mL
Scottish pint orjoug (obsolete)
2 pints and 19.69 imp fl oz
≈ 1696 mL

Anow-obsolete unit of measurement inScotland, known as theScottish pint, orjoug, is equal to 1696 mL (2 pints 19.69 imp fl oz). It remained in use until the 19th century, surviving significantly longer than most of the old Scottish measurements.

The wordpint is one of numerousfalse friends between English and French. They are not the same unit although they have the same linguistic origin. TheFrench wordpinte is etymologically related, but historically described a larger unit. The Royal pint (pinte du roi) was 48 French cubic inches (952.1 mL),[7] but regional pints varied in size depending on locality and on commodity (usually wine or olive oil) varying from 0.95 L to over 2 L.[7]

InCanada, theWeights and Measures Act (R.S. 1985) defines a pint in English as one eighth of a gallon, but defines apinte in French as one quarter of a gallon.[8][d] Thus, if "a pint of beer" is ordered in English, servers are legally required to serve an imperial pint (568 mL) of beer,[9] but under the federalAct, "une pinte de bière" legally refers to the larger imperial quart (1136 mL), while an imperial pint is designated asune chopine. However, in practice[10] and according to Quebec’s Board of the French Language,[11]une pinte commonly refers to the same 568 mL imperial pint as in English.

InFlanders, the wordpintje, meaning 'little pint', refers only to a 250 mL glass of lager. Some West- and East-Flemish dialects use it as a word forbeaker. The equivalent word in German,Pintchen, refers to a glass of a third of a litre inCologne and theRhineland.

InSouth Australia, ordering "a pint of beer" results in 425 mL (15 fl oz) being served. Customers must specifically request "an Imperial pint of beer" to get 570 mL (20 fl oz). Australians from otherstates often contest the size of their beers inAdelaide.[12]

Equivalence

[edit]

One US liquid pint of water weighs 1.0431756pounds (16.6908 oz), which gives rise to a popular saying: "A pint's a pound the world around".[13]

However, the statement does not hold around the world, because the British imperial pint, which was also the standard measure in Britain's former colonies - such as Ireland, Canada, Australia, India, Malaysia, New Zealand and South Africa - weighs 1.2528pounds (20.0448 oz). This prompted theSociety for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge to coin a saying for use in Commonwealth countries: "a pint of pure water weighs a pound and a quarter".[14]

History

[edit]

The pint is traditionally one eighth of agallon. In theLatin of theapothecaries' system, the symbolO (octarius oroctavius; pluraloctarii oroctavii – reflecting the "eighth" concept in itsocta- syllable) was used for the pint.[15] Because of the many historical definitions of a gallon, there have been many definitions of the pint.

Britain's North American colonies adopted the Britishwine gallon, defined in 1707 as exactly 231 cubic inches (3 in × 7 in × 11 in) as their basic liquid measure, from which the US wet pint is derived, and the British corn gallon (18 of a standard "Winchester"bushel ofcorn, or exactly 268.8025 cubic inches) as its dry measure, from which the US dry pint is derived.

In 1824, the British parliament replaced all the various gallons with a newimperial gallon based on ten pounds of distilled water at 62 °F (16.7 °C) (≈277.4194 cubic inches), from which the current imperial pint is derived.

The various Canadian provinces continued to use the wine gallon as a basis for their pint until 1873, well after Britain adopted the imperial system in 1824, while the traditional Frenchpinte used inLower Canada (Quebec) was twice the size of the traditional English pint used inUpper Canada (Ontario). After four of the British provinces united in theCanadian Confederation in 1867, Canada legally adopted the British imperial system of measure in 1873.[16]

In 1873, the French Canadianpinte was defined as being one imperialquart or two imperial pints, while the imperial pint was legally called achopine in French Canada. While the imperial pint, quart, and gallon are still legal units of measure in Canada, they are 20.095% larger than their American counterparts.

Historically, units called a pint (or the equivalent in the local language) were used across much of Europe, with values varying between countries from less than half a litre to over one litre. Within continental Europe, these pints were replaced with liquid measures based on themetric system during the 19th century. The term is still in limited use in parts of France andCentral Europe, notably some areas ofGermany[17] andSwitzerland, whereein Schoppen is colloquially used for half a litre. In Spanish holiday resorts frequented by British tourists, 'pint' is often taken to mean a beer glass (especially a dimple mug). Half-pint 285 mL, and pint mugs, 570 mL, may therefore be referred to asmedia jarra ('half jar/jug') andjarra (grande)('large jar/jug').[citation needed]

Effects of metrication

[edit]
Pints are commonly used for the sale of milk in the United Kingdom. The label gives both the metric and the imperial volume.

In theBritish andIrish metrication processes, the pint was replaced by metric units as the legally defined primary unit of measure for trading by volume or capacity, except for the sale of draught beer and cider, andmilk in returnable containers.[18][19] As a supplementary unit, the pint can still be used in those countries in all circumstances. UK legislation mandates that draught beer and cider must be sold in one-third of a pint, two-thirds of a pint, or multiples of half a pint, which must be served in stamped, measured glasses or from government-stamped meters. Milk, in returnable containers, may come in pints without the metric equivalent stated. However, all other goods apart from the aforementioned exceptions must be sold or labelled in metric units. Milk in plastic containers mostly comes in multiples of 1 pint, but they are required to display the metric equivalent on packaging.[20] Filtered milk and UHT milk sold in the UK is commonly sold in multiples of 1 litre bottles or containers.[21] Recipes published in the UK and Ireland would have given ingredient quantities in imperial, where the pint is used as a unit for larger liquid quantities, as well as the metric measure - though recipes written now are more likely to use metric units.[22][23]

In Australia and New Zealand, a subtle change was made to 1 pint milk bottles during the conversion from imperial to metric in the 1970s: the height and diameter of the milk bottle remained unchanged, so that existing equipment for handling and storing the bottles was unaffected, but the shape was adjusted to increase the capacity from 568 mL to 600 mL, a conveniently rounded metric measure. Such milk bottles are no longer officially referred to as pints. However, the"pint glass" in pubs in Australia remains closer to the standard imperial pint, at 570 mL. It holds about 500 mL of beer and about 70 mL of froth, except in South Australia, where a pint is served in a 425 mL glass and a 570 mL glass is called an "imperial pint".

In New Zealand, there is no longer any legal requirement for beer to be served in standard measures: in pubs, the largest size of glass, which is referred to as a pint, varies, but usually contains 425 mL.[24]

Aftermetrication in Canada, milk and other liquids in pre-packaged containers came in metric sizes so conversion issues could no longer arise. Draft beer in Canada, when advertised as a "pint", is legally required to be an imperial pint (568 mL).[25][26][27] With the allowed margin of error of 0.5 fluid ounces, a "pint" that is less than 554 mL of beer is an offence, though this regulation is often violated and rarely enforced.[28] To avoid legal issues, many drinking establishments are moving away from using the term "pint" and are selling "glasses" or "sleeves" of beer, neither of which have a legal definition.[29]

A 375 mL bottle of liquor in the US and the Canadian maritime provinces is sometimes referred to as a "pint" and a 200 mL bottle is called a "half-pint", harking back to the days when liquor came in US pints, fifths, quarts, and half-gallons.[30] Liquor in the US has been sold in metric sized bottles since 1980, although beer is still sold in US traditional units.[31]

In France, a standard 250 mL measure of beer is known asun demi ("a half"), originally meaning a half-pint.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^After the 1976 (UK), c. 1964 (Canada), redefinition of the imperial gallon
  2. ^abFifty imperial pints is very close to onecubic foot, which is exactly⁠59+65/77 US pints
  3. ^abAfter the 1964 redefinition of the litre and the 1959 redefinition of the inch
  4. ^The siteMeasurement Canada contains a wealth of documentation on official Canadian measurements. The French language version of the site isMesures Canada.

References

[edit]
  1. ^IEEE SA - 260.1-2004 - IEEE Standard Letter Symbols for Units of Measurement 1 Pint is 1 cup (SI Units, Customary Inch-Pound Units, and Certain Other Units). IEEE. 2010. Archived fromthe original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved10 June 2017.
  2. ^BS 350:Part 1:1974 Conversion factors and tables - Part 1. Basis of tables Conversion factors. British Standards Institution. 1974. pp. 10–11.
  3. ^"Definition of P".www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved29 May 2017.
  4. ^"Pint".Merriam-Webster.com. 2013. Retrieved31 May 2013.
  5. ^Perreault, Mathieu (31 December 2021)."Les mystères des mesures de l'alcool".La Presse.
  6. ^Text of the Units of Measurement Regulations 1995 (Schedule) as originally enacted or made within the United Kingdom, fromlegislation.gov.uk.
  7. ^abPalaiseau, JFG (October 1816).Métrologie universelle, ancienne et moderne: ou rapport des poids et mesures des empires, royaumes, duchés et principautés des quatre parties du monde. Bordeaux. p. 8. Retrieved30 October 2011.
  8. ^"Weights and Measures Act (R.S. 1985)"(PDF).
  9. ^"Pints of draft beer". Measurement Canada. Retrieved2016-09-18.
  10. ^Perreault, Mathieu (2021-12-31)."Les mystères des mesures de l'alcool".La Presse (in Canadian French). Retrieved2023-11-24.
  11. ^"pinte".Office québécois de la langue française. 2019. Retrieved2023-11-24.
  12. ^Keane, Daniel (September 8, 2017)."Getting to the bottom of the pint: the bitter problem of Adelaide's beer glasses".ABC News. Adelaide. RetrievedSeptember 9, 2017.
  13. ^"A Pint's a Pound the World Around". Government Book Talk (blog).U.S. Government Publishing Office. 2010-04-27. Retrieved2017-01-30.
  14. ^Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. C. Knight. 1843. pp. 200.
  15. ^British Pharmacopoeia, 1864. 1916. Retrieved2016-09-22.
  16. ^Ross, Lester A. (1983),Archeological Metrology: English, French, American and Canadian systems of Weights and Measures for North American Historical Archeology(PDF), Government of Canada, retrieved10 November 2014
  17. ^Duden, February 28, 2016.
  18. ^Weights and measures, Business Link (Department for Business, Innovation and Skills), archived fromthe original on 23 August 2012, retrieved12 November 2011
  19. ^"Weights and Measures". British Beer and Pub Association. Retrieved10 January 2015.
  20. ^"Weights and Measures Act 1985".
  21. ^"Cravendale Semi skimmed Milk 2l".
  22. ^The Baking Pocket Bible, Amy Lane, “Most UK recipes are now written in metric units but some recipes passed down through families or in older recipe books may be written using imperial measurements”.
  23. ^Skills in Food Technology, Jenny Ridgwell, “If you are using old recipe books to help with research for food ideas, you will find that the ingredients are given in Imperial measures.”
  24. ^"Is a pint really a pint in Wellington?, 6 Sept 2012, The Dominion
  25. ^Weights and Measures Act,Government of Canada, 1985, retrievedNovember 8, 2014
  26. ^"Fairness at the Pumps Act".Industry Canada. Archived fromthe original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved22 September 2014.
  27. ^Government of Canada, Innovation (4 May 2021)."Units of measurement used to sell draft beer".www.ic.gc.ca. Retrieved2022-11-28.
  28. ^"We Demand a Full Pint". Toronto Star. Retrieved22 September 2014.
  29. ^More than half of Vancouver bars aren't pouring real pints,National Post, July 18, 2014, retrievedNovember 2, 2014
  30. ^Elizabeth E. Epstein, Barbara S. McCrady (2009).Overcoming Alcohol Use Problems: A Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Program. Oxford University Press. p. 7.
  31. ^US CFR Title 27, Part 5, Subpart E, Section 5.47a

External links

[edit]
Look uppint in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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