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Pinault's law

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Phonological rule

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This article contains characters used to write reconstructedProto-Indo-European words (for an explanation of the notation, seeProto-Indo-European phonology). Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode combining characters andLatin characters.

Pinault's law (/piˈnoʊ/pee-NOH) is aProto-Indo-European (PIE)phonological rule named after the French Indo-EuropeanistGeorges-Jean Pinault who discovered it.

According to this rule,PIE laryngeals disappear between an underlying non-syllabic consonant (i.e. anobstruent orsonorant) and*y. Examples can be seen in the formation of imperfective verbs by appending*-yeti to the stem.Compare:

PIE root*werh₁- 'to say' → imperfective*wéryeti 'to be saying' (cf. Ancient Greekεἴρω,eirō, 'to tell')
PIE root*h₂erh₃- 'to plow' → imperfective*h₂éryeti 'to be plowing' (cf. Old Irishairid 'to be plowing')
PIE root*snéh₁- 'to spin' → imperfective*snéh₁yeti 'to be spinning' (cf. Old Irishsníid, 'to spin'). Here the laryngeal*/h₁/ is not deleted since it is preceded by a vowel.

References

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Pinault, G-J. (1982). "A neglected phonetic law: The reduction of the Indo-European laryngeals in internal syllables before yod". In Ahlqvist A. (ed.).Papers from the 5th International Conference on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 265–272.doi:10.1075/cilt.21.32pin.
Kapović, Mate (2008).Uvod u indoeuropsku lingvistiku (in Croatian).Zagreb:Matica hrvatska.ISBN 978-953-150-847-6.
Ringe, Don (2017).From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic. A Linguistic History of English. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.).Oxford University Press. pp. 16–17.doi:10.1093/OSO/9780198792581.001.0001.ISBN 978-0-19-879258-1.OCLC 972772031.OL 27415350M.

v t e Proto-Indo-European language
Phonology	Accent Centum and satem Glottalic theory Laryngeal theory s-mobile Sound laws asno law boukólos rule *kʷetwóres rule Brugmann's Bartholomae's Fortunatov's Grassmann's Osthoff's Pinault's Siebs's Sievers's Stang's Szemerényi's Weise's
Morphology	Ablaut Caland system h₂e-conjugation Narten present Nasal infix Root Thematic vowel Vṛddhi
Parts of speech	Nominals (nouns and adjectives) Numerals Particles Pronouns Verbs copula Vocabulary
Lexicon	Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (IEW) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (LIV) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme (LIPP) Nomina im Indogermanischen Lexikon (NIL) Indo-European Etymological Dictionary (IEED)
Artificial compositions	Schleicher's fable The king and the god
Theories	Kurgan hypothesis Schleicher theories Anatolian hypothesis Armenian hypothesis Outdated theories: Beech argument North European hypothesis
Society	Proto-Indo-European mythology Proto-Indo-European society Indo-European migrations Proto-Indo-European homeland Salmon problem
See also	Indo-European studies Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture (EIE)

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