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Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nobel-laureate physicist

Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
De Gennes in 2006
Born(1932-10-24)24 October 1932
Died18 May 2007(2007-05-18) (aged 74)
Alma materÉcole Normale Supérieure
Paris-Saclay University
Known forBeing the founder ofsoft matter physics
Landau–de Gennes theory
Polymer physics
Reptation
Liquid crystalline elastomer
Bogoliubov–de Gennes equation
de Gennes–Alexander theory
Caroli–de Gennes–Matricon state
Fisher–de Gennes scaling
de Gennes–Kleman length
Children7, includingClaire Wyart
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
Soft matter
Superconductivity
Institutions
Thesis Contribution à l'étude de la diffusion magnétique des neutrons (1957)
Doctoral advisorFrancis Perrin

Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (French:[ʒɛn]; 24 October 1932 – 18 May 2007) was a French physicist and theNobel Prize laureate inphysics in 1991.[2][3][4][5]

Education and early life

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He was born inParis,France, and washome-schooled to the age of 12. By the age of 13, he had adopted adult reading habits and was visiting museums.[6]Later, de Gennes studied at theÉcole Normale Supérieure. After leaving theÉcole in 1955, he became a research engineer at theSaclay center of theCommissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, working mainly onneutron scattering and magnetism, with advice fromAnatole Abragam andJacques Friedel. He defended hisPh.D. in 1957 at theUniversity of Paris.[7][8]

Career and research

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In 1959, he was apostdoctoral research visitor withCharles Kittel at theUniversity of California, Berkeley, and then spent 27 months in theFrench Navy. In 1961, he was assistant professor inOrsay and soon started the Orsay group onsuperconductors. In 1968, he switched to studyingliquid crystals.[9]

In 1971, he became professor at theCollège de France, and participated in STRASACOL (a joint action ofStrasbourg, Saclay andCollège de France) on polymer physics. From 1980 on, he became interested in interfacial problems: the dynamics of wetting andadhesion.

He worked ongranular materials and on the nature of memory objects in the brain.

Awards and honours

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Awarded theFernand Holweck Medal and Prize in 1968.

He was awarded theHarvey Prize,Lorentz Medal andWolf Prize in 1988 and 1990. In 1991, he received theNobel Prize in Physics. He was then director of theÉcole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI), a post he held from 1976 until his retirement in 2002.

P.G. de Gennes has also received theF.A. Cotton Medal for Excellence in Chemical Research of theAmerican Chemical Society in 1997, theHolweck Prize from the joint French and British Physical Society; the Ampere Prize, French Academy of Science; the gold medal from the French CNRS; the Matteuci Medal, Italian Academy; theHarvey Prize, Israel; and polymer awards from both APS and ACS.

He was awarded the above-mentioned Nobel Prize for discovering that "methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers".

TheRoyal Society of Chemistry awards theDe Gennes Prize biennially, in his honour.[10] He was elected aForeign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1984.[1][11] He was awardedA. Cemal EringenMedal in 1998.

Personal life

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De Gennes in his office atESPCI Paris, 1988

He married Anne-Marie Rouet[12][6] (born in 1933) in June 1954.[13] They remained married until his death and had three children together: Christian (born 9 December 1954), Dominique (born 6 May 1956) and Marie-Christine (born 11 January 1958).[13]

He also has four children with physicistFrançoise Brochard-Wyart (born in 1944) who was one of his former doctoral students and then colleague and co-author.[12] The children are:Claire Wyart (born 16 February 1977),[14]Matthieu Wyart (born 24 May 1978),[15] Olivier Wyart (born 3 August 1984) and Marc de Gennes (born 16 January 1991).[13]

ProfessorsJohn Goodby andGeorge Gray noted in an obituary:[16] "Pierre was a man of great charm and humour, capable of making others believe they, too, were wise. We will remember him as an inspirational lecturer and teacher, an authority on Shakespeare, an expert skier who attended conference lectures appropriately attired with skis to hand, and, robed in red, at the Bordeaux liquid crystal conference in 1978, took great delight in being inaugurated as a Vignoble de St Émilion."

In 2003 he was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed theHumanist Manifesto.[17]

On 22 May 2007, his death was made public as official messages and tributes poured in.[6]

Publications

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Books

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  • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1966).Superconductivity of metals and alloys. Westview Press.ISBN 978-0738201016.
  • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes,Jacques Prost (1993) [1974].The physics of liquid crystals. Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0198517856.
  • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1979).Scaling concepts in polymer physics. Cornell University Press.ISBN 978-0801412035.
  • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1990).Introduction to polymer dynamics. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0521388498.
  • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Jacques Badoz (1996).Fragile Objects: Soft Matter, Hard Science, and the Thrill of Discovery. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-1461275282.
  • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1997).Soft Interfaces: The 1994 Dirac Memorial Lecture. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0521020350.
  • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1998).Simple Views on Condensed Matter: Expanded Edition. WSPC.ISBN 978-9810232702.
  • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes,Françoise Brochard-Wyart, David Quéré (2003).Capillarity and Wetting Phenomena: Drops, Bubbles, Pearls, Waves. Springer.ISBN 978-0387005928.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (2004).Petit Point: A Candid Portrait on the Aberrations of Science. World Scientific.ISBN 978-9812560117.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ab"Fellowship of the Royal Society 1660-2015". London:Royal Society. Archived fromthe original on 15 October 2015.
  2. ^Joanny, Jean-François; Pincus, Philip A. (August 2007)."Obituary: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes".Physics Today.60 (8):71–72.Bibcode:2007PhT....60h..71J.doi:10.1063/1.2774111.
  3. ^Pierre-Gilles de Gennes on Nobelprize.orgEdit this at Wikidata including the Nobel Lecture, 9 December 1991Soft Matter
  4. ^An Obituary of Gennes in the Hindu.com
  5. ^Ajdari, Armand (July 2007). "Physics. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1932-2007)".Science.317 (5837): 466.doi:10.1126/science.1146688.PMID 17656713.S2CID 118920054.
  6. ^abcPlévert, Laurence (2011).Pierre-Gilles de Gennes: A Life in Science. World Scientific Publishing.doi:10.1142/8182.ISBN 978-981-4355-25-4.
  7. ^Selected bibliography on the College de France websiteArchived 2010-12-27 at theWayback Machine
  8. ^Nature des Objets de mémoire : le cas de l'olfactionArchived 2007-10-17 at theWayback Machine conférence novembre 2006.(in French)
  9. ^David Dunmur & Tim Sluckin (2011)Soap, Science, and Flat-screen TVs: a history of liquid crystals, pp 183–8,Oxford University PressISBN 978-0-19-954940-5
  10. ^"de Gennes Prize".Royal Society of Chemistry.
  11. ^Joanny, Jean-François; Cates, Michael (2019)."Pierre-Gilles de Gennes. 24 October 1932—18 May 2007".Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.66:143–158.doi:10.1098/rsbm.2018.0033.S2CID 127231807.
  12. ^abBrochard-Wyart, Françoise (July 2007)."Obituary: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1932–2007)".Nature.448 (7150): 149.Bibcode:2007Natur.448..149B.doi:10.1038/448149a.ISSN 1476-4687.S2CID 35082004.
  13. ^abc"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes",Wikipédia (in French), 11 July 2019, retrieved8 August 2019
  14. ^"Spinal Sensory Signalling | Development, Locomotion & Posture, Pathology".wyartlab.org. Retrieved28 July 2021.
  15. ^"Prof. Matthieu Wyart".www.epfl.ch. Retrieved18 July 2021.
  16. ^Goodby, John; Gray, George (4 June 2007)."Obituary: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes".The Guardian.ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved8 August 2019.
  17. ^"Notable Signers".Humanism and Its Aspirations. American Humanist Association. Retrieved1 October 2012.

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