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Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico

Coordinates:36°11′58″N105°42′47″W / 36.19944°N 105.71306°W /36.19944; -105.71306
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

CDP in New Mexico, United States
Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico
San Lorenzo de Picurís
San Lorenzo de Picurís
Location of Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico
Location of Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico
Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico is located in the United States
Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico
Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico
Location in the United States
Coordinates:36°11′58″N105°42′47″W / 36.19944°N 105.71306°W /36.19944; -105.71306
CountryUnited States
StateNew Mexico
CountyTaos
Area
 • Total
0.46 sq mi (1.19 km2)
 • Land0.46 sq mi (1.18 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.01 km2)
Elevation7,277 ft (2,218 m)
Population
 • Total
83
 • Density181.62/sq mi (70.17/km2)
Time zoneUTC-7 (Mountain (MST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-6 (MDT)
Area code505
FIPS code35-56810
GNIS feature ID2409063[2]
United States historic place
Picuris Pueblo
Location of Picuris Pueblo and neighboring pueblos in New Mexico
Nearest cityTaos, New Mexico
Area20.4 acres (8.3 ha)
Built1776 (1776)
Architectural stylePueblo
NRHP reference No.74001211[4]
NMSRCP No.229
Significant dates
Added to NRHPAugust 13, 1974
Designated NMSRCPDecember 30, 1971

Picuris Pueblo (/pɪkəˈrs/;Tiwa:P'įwweltha [p’ī̃wːēltʰà]) is a historicpueblo inTaos County, New Mexico, United States. Thefederally recognized tribe ofPueblo people inhabit the community. Picurís Pueblo is a member of theEight Northern Pueblos. Their own name for their pueblo isP'įwweltha, meaning "mountain warrior place" or "mountain pass place." They speak thePicuris dialect of theNorthern Tiwa language, part of theKiowa-Tanoan language family.[5] For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined that community as acensus-designated place (CDP). The2010 census[6] estimated that 68 people lived in the CDP, while 267 people in the U.S. reported being of the tribal group Picuris alone[7] and 439 reported being of the tribal group Picuris alone or in combination with other groups.[8]

Geography

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Picuris Pueblo is located in northern New Mexico,[9] on the western slopes of theSangre de Cristo Mountains and 18 miles south ofTaos Pueblo. Average elevation in the pueblo is over 7,000 feet.[5] The Rio Santa Barbara and Rio Pueblo unite near Picurus to formEmbudo Creek, a tributary of theRio Grande.[10]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note
202083
U.S. Decennial Census[11][3]

As of thecensus[12] of 2000, there were 86 people, 38 households, and 18 families residing in the CDP.[13] The population density was 192.7 inhabitants per square mile (74.4/km2). There were 60 housing units at an average density of 134.4 per square mile (51.9/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 10.47%White, 70.93%Native American, 16.28% fromother races, and 2.33% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 26.74% of the population.

There were 38 households, out of which 10.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 21.1% weremarried couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.6% were non-families. 42.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.33.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 16.3% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $11,528, and the median income for a family was $16,875. Males had a median income of $21,000 versus $23,333 for females. Theper capita income for the CDP was $12,492. There were 36.0% of families and 28.7% of the population living below thepoverty line, including no under eighteens and 45.0% of those over 64.

In 1990, 147 of the 1,882 enrolled tribal members lived in the pueblo;[5] however, the number reduced to 86 in 2000.[13] At the 2010 Census, the population was recorded as 68.[14] By 2014, it was one of the smallest Tiwa pueblos.[9]

History

[edit]

The Picuris people previously lived in an earlier, larger village of about 3,000 people now known asPot Creek, nearTaos. They migrated to the present location along theRio Pueblo about 1250CE.[15] In the 15th century it was one of the largestTiwa pueblos, influenced byApache and otherPlains Indian cultures, as was theTaos Pueblo.[9][16]

In the late 17th century people from thepueblos of New Mexico revolted against the Spanish colonialists, particularly during a revolt between 1680 and 1696 when they fought for autonomy and their land. Following this period the people of the pueblo were dispersed and had abandoned their pueblo until 1706. At that time they joined with the Spanish to fight against attacks by Comanche and Apache tribes. Then, the Picuris pueblo people settled into a peaceful period.[16]

San Lorenzo de Picurís, circa 1915

Spanish explorer DonJuan de Oñate named the pueblo "Pikuria" - which means "those who paint."[9][15] The pueblo was influenced by the Spanish, particularly adoption of Christian religious practices and letting go of traditional rituals and ceremonies.[16] The San Lorenzo de Picurís church was built of adobe by 1776 and was restored in the 21st century.[9][17] Having been influenced by the Spanish and then the Americans for centuries, the Picuris adopted telephone and electrical services, paved roads and television. They resumed their traditional customs, which are performed throughout the year, and became self-governing again in the mid-1920s.[16] As of 2014[update], the pueblo maintained a growing herd of buffalo.[15] Pueblo is a member of theIntertribal Buffalo Council.[18]

Government

[edit]

The Pueblo's headquarters is inPeñasco, New Mexico. Their tribal officers, led by a tribal governor, are elected every two years.[19] In 1991, the tribe opened the four-star Hotel Santa Fe and the Amaya Restaurant, servingNative American cuisine,[20] inSanta Fe, New Mexico.[19]

Education

[edit]

The community is in thePeñasco Independent School District.[21]

Tourism

[edit]

Located within the Pueblo are the San Lorenzo de Picurís church and the Picuris Pueblo Museum, which displays and sells the works of local weavers, potters and beadworkers.[9] Picuris is particularly known for itsmicaceouspottery.[19] Excavated dwellings are located within the pueblo. Self-guided tours and permits for photography within the pueblo are available to visitors. Visitors may fish for trout at Pu-La Lake by contacting the Picurís Pueblo Fish & Game and Parks & Wildlife.[9][22] There are also picnic and campground facilities.[15]

Events

[edit]

Their major feast day isSan Lorenzo's Day on August 10,[19] during which people of all ages engage in races and the Sunset Dance held on August 9.[23] There are Corn Dances and Buffalo Dances in June and August,[16] which may be private ceremonies.[15][23] There are also dances held New Year's Day and in late January and early February that are open to the public.[23]

An Arts & Crafts fair of weaving, sculpture, beadwork, and jewelry is held the first weekend in July.[15]

Notable people

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Gallery

[edit]
  • Gerald Nailor, Jr., Governor of Picuris
    Gerald Nailor, Jr., Governor of Picuris
  • David Gaussoin, Picuris jeweler
    David Gaussoin, Picuris jeweler
  • Picuris ballplayer
    Picuris ballplayer
  • Performance art by Wayne Gaussoin (Picuris Pueblo), Museum of Contemporary Native Art, Santa Fe, NM, 2009
    Performance art by Wayne Gaussoin (Picuris Pueblo), Museum of Contemporary Native Art, Santa Fe, NM, 2009

See also

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References

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  1. ^"ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. RetrievedOctober 12, 2022.
  2. ^abU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico
  3. ^ab"Census Population API". United States Census Bureau. RetrievedOctober 12, 2022.
  4. ^"National Register Information System".National Register of Historic Places.National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  5. ^abcPritzker, Barry M.A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 58.ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1.
  6. ^U.S. Census Bureau (2010)."NM - Picuris Pueblo CDP".United States Census 2010.Archived from the original on August 3, 2018. RetrievedMarch 8, 2018.
  7. ^Census 2010 American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File (AIANSF) - Sample Data, Pueblo of Picuris alone (H47)
  8. ^Census 2010 American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File (AIANSF) - Sample Data, Pueblo of Picuris alone or in any combination (H47) & (100-299) or (300, A01-Z99) or (400-999)
  9. ^abcdefgPicuris Pueblo.Archived 2014-12-04 at theWayback Machine New Mexico.org Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  10. ^Arellano, Juan Estevan (2010)."Embudo de Picuris Watershed"(PDF).Environmental Health Consultants. pp. 118–120. RetrievedDecember 26, 2024.
  11. ^"Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. RetrievedJune 4, 2016.
  12. ^"U.S. Census website".United States Census Bureau.Archived from the original on December 27, 1996. RetrievedJanuary 31, 2008.
  13. ^abU.S. Census Bureau."Picuris Pueblo CDP New Mexico"Archived 2020-02-13 atarchive.today. 2000. American FactFinder. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  14. ^U.S. Census Bureau (2010)."NM - Picuris Pueblo CDP".United States Census 2010.Archived from the original on August 3, 2018. RetrievedOctober 27, 2017.
  15. ^abcdefPicuris Pueblo.Archived 2008-10-10 at theWayback Machine LaPlaza.org Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  16. ^abcdePicuris Pueblo.Archived 2007-12-24 at theWayback Machine Indian Pueblo - 19 Pueblos. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  17. ^San Lorenzo de Picuris.Archived 2013-01-26 at theWayback Machine LaPlaza.org Penasco. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  18. ^Plant, Geoffrey (May 17, 2022)."Bringing the bison back to Picuris Pueblo".The Taos News. RetrievedMay 22, 2024.
  19. ^abcdPritzker, Barry M.A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 61.ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1.
  20. ^"Amaya Restaurant."Archived 2014-04-06 at theWayback MachineHotel Santa Fe. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  21. ^"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Taos County, NM"(PDF).U.S. Census Bureau. RetrievedJuly 13, 2022.
  22. ^Picurís Pueblo Fish & Game and Parks & WildlifeArchived 2016-03-03 at theWayback Machine. Taos.gopickle.com Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  23. ^abcPicuris dances.Archived 2016-03-15 at theWayback Machine Laplaza.org/Penasco Retrieved July 23, 2014.

Further reading

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External links

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