Philocles^{[pronunciation?]} (Greek:Φιλοκλῆς), was anAthenian tragic poet during the 5th century BC. Through his mother, Philopatho (Greek:Φιλοπαθώ), he had three famous uncles:Aeschylus, the famous poet,Cynaegirus, hero of thebattle of Marathon, andAmeinias, hero of thebattle of Salamis. TheSuda claims that Philocles was the father of the tragic playwrightMorsimus, who was in turn the father of the tragedianAstydamas the Elder and was in his turn the father of the tragedianAstydamas the Younger.^[1]

According to theSuda, Philocles wrote 100 tragedies. Philocles is best known for winning first prize in the competition againstSophocles'Oedipus Rex.^[2][3] Philocles also wrote a play on the subject ofTereus, which was parodied inAristophanes'The Birds along with Sophocles'treatment of the same subject.^[4] Ascholiast has noted that Philocles'Tereus was part of hisPandionis tetralogy.^[4] An extant fragment shows that Philocles wrote a play covering the story ofHermione,Neoptolemus andOrestes, a subject also addressed byEuripides in his playAndromache and by Sophocles in hisHermione.^[5] In Philocles' version of the Hermione myth, Hermione is betrothed to Neoptolemus by her fatherMenelaus while she is pregnant with Orestes' child.^[5] Philocles also wrote plays entitledOedipus andPhiloctetes.^[6] TheSuda also names the following as plays of Philocles:Erigone,Nauplius,Oineus,Priam, andPenelope.^[1]

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