| Phenuiviridae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rift Valley fever virus replication cycle | |
Virus classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
| Class: | Bunyaviricetes |
| Order: | Hareavirales |
| Family: | Phenuiviridae |
Phenuiviridae is a family ofnegative-strand RNA viruses in the orderHareavirales.[1]Ruminants,camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts.
Members ofPhenuiviridae areenveloped viruses with helicalcapsid morphology. Envelopeglycoproteins of these viruses are distributed withicosahedral symmetry (T=12).[2]
Phenuiviridae is anegative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family.[3] Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment.[1]
Some members of the family haveambisense gene encoding on the S segment (nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by hostproteases.[4] Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due toleaky scanning by theribosome.[2]
RNAtranscripts arecapped throughcap snatching, but notpolyadenylated.[4]Translation is terminated by ahairpin sequence at the end of each RNA transcript.[2]
The family contains the following genera:[5]