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Phalangeriformes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Suborder of arboreal marsupials

Phalangeriformes
Temporal range:Oligocene–present
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Infraclass:Marsupialia
Order:Diprotodontia
Suborder:Phalangeriformes
Szalay inArcher, 1982
Groups included
Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa

Phalangeriformes/fəˈlænərɪfɔːrmz/ is a paraphyletic[1] suborder of about 70 species of small to medium-sizedarborealmarsupials native toAustralia,New Guinea, andSulawesi.[2] The species are commonly known aspossums,[3]gliders, andcuscus. The common name "(o)possum" for various Phalangeriformes species derives from the creatures' resemblance to theopossums of theAmericas (the term comes fromPowhatan languageaposoum "white animal", fromProto-Algonquian *wa·p-aʔɬemwa "white dog").[4] However, although opossums are also marsupials, Australasian possums are more closely related to otherAustralasian marsupials such askangaroos.

Phalangeriformes arequadrupedaldiprotodont marsupials with long tails. The smallest species, indeed the smallest diprotodont marsupial, is theTasmanian pygmy possum, with an adult head-body length of 70 mm (2+34 in) and a weight of10 g (38 oz). The largest are the two species ofbear cuscus, which may exceed 7 kg (15 lb 7 oz). Phalangeriformes species are typicallynocturnal and at least partially arboreal. They inhabit most vegetated habitats, and several species have adjusted well to urban settings. Diets range fromgeneralistherbivores oromnivores (thecommon brushtail possum) to specialist browsers ofeucalyptus (greater glider),insectivores (mountain pygmy possum) and nectar-feeders (honey possum).

Classification

[edit]
Main article:List of phalangeriformes
Eastern pygmy possum,Pilliga forest, NSW
Sulawesi bear cuscus
Southern common cuscus,Cape York Peninsula, Queensland
Common spotted cuscus,Genoa
Common ringtail possum,Brisbane
Herbert River ringtail possum, 1884
Striped possum,Crater Lakes National Park, Queensland
Sugar gliders at mealtime
The diminutivefeathertail glider

About two-thirds of Australian marsupials belong to theorderDiprotodontia, which is split into threesuborders, namely theVombatiformes (wombats and thekoala, four species in total); the large and diverse Phalangeriformes (the possums and gliders) andMacropodiformes (kangaroos,potoroos,wallabies and themusky rat-kangaroo). Note: this classification is based on Ruedas & Morales 2005.[clarification needed] However, Phalangeriformes has been recovered as paraphyletic with respect to Macropodiformes, rendering the latter a subset of the former if Phalangeriformes are to be considered a natural group.[5][6]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Eldridge, Mark D B; Beck, Robin M D; Croft, Darin A; Travouillon, Kenny J; Fox, Barry J (23 May 2019). "An emerging consensus in the evolution, phylogeny, and systematics of marsupials and their fossil relatives (Metatheria)".Journal of Mammalogy.100 (3):802–837.doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyz018.ISSN 0022-2372.
  2. ^Groves, C. P. (2005)."Suborder Phalangeriformes". InWilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (eds.).Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 44–56.ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^"opossum".Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/OED/8236326670. (Subscription orparticipating institution membership required.)
  4. ^Siebert, Frank T. Jr. (1975). "Resurrecting Virginia Algonquian from the Dead: The Reconstituted and Historical Phonology of Powhatan". In Crawford, James Mack (ed.).Studies in Southeastern Indian Languages. University of Georgia Press.
  5. ^Warburton, Natalie M.; Prideaux, Gavin J. (2021)."The skeleton of Congruus kitcheneri, a semiarboreal kangaroo from the Pleistocene of southern Australia".Royal Society Open Science.8 (3) 202216.Bibcode:2021RSOS....802216W.doi:10.1098/rsos.202216.PMC 8074921.PMID 33959368.
  6. ^Eldridge, Mark D B; Beck, Robin M D; Croft, Darin A; Travouillon, Kenny J; Fox, Barry J (23 May 2019). "An emerging consensus in the evolution, phylogeny, and systematics of marsupials and their fossil relatives (Metatheria)".Journal of Mammalogy.100 (3):802–837.doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyz018.ISSN 0022-2372.

Further reading

[edit]
Pilkipildridae
Phalangeroidea
Burramyidae
Ektopodontidae
Phalangeridae
Petauroidea
Acrobatidae
Petauridae
Pseudocheiridae
Macropodiformes
    • see below↓
Trichosurus vulpeculaPetaurus breviceps
Hypsiprymnodontidae
Balbaridae
Potoroidae
Macropodidae
Lagostrophinae
Sthenurinae
Macropodinae
Ekaltadeta imaDorcopsis luctuosa
ExtantDiprotodontia species
Phascolarctidae
Phascolarctos
Vombatidae
(wombats)
Vombatus
Lasiorhinus
Phalangeridae
(includingcuscuses)
Ailurops
(bear cuscuses)
Phalanger
Spilocuscus
Strigocuscus
Trichosurus
(brushtail possums)
Wyulda
Burramyidae
(pygmy possums)
Burramys
Cercartetus
Tarsipedidae
Tarsipes
Petauridae
Dactylopsila
Gymnobelideus
Petaurus
Pseudocheiridae
Hemibelideus
Petauroides
(greater gliders)
Petropseudes
Pseudocheirus
Pseudochirulus
Pseudochirops
Acrobatidae
Acrobates
Distoechurus
Macropodidae
(includeswallabies)
Lagostrophus
Dendrolagus
(tree-kangaroos)
Dorcopsis
Dorcopsulus
Lagorchestes
(hare-wallabies)
Macropus
Notamacropus
Onychogalea
(nail-tail wallabies)
Osphranter
Petrogale
(rock-wallabies)
Setonix
Thylogale
(pademelons)
Wallabia
Potoroidae
Aepyprymnus
Bettongia
(bettongs)
Potorous
(potoroos)
Hypsiprymnodontidae
Hypsiprymnodon
Phalangeriformes
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