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| Peterskirche | |
|---|---|
.JPG) Peterskirche main facade, seen from the Graben street | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Catholic Church |
| Province | Archdiocese of Wien |
| Leadership | P. Christian SpalekS.C.O.D.[1] |
| Year consecrated | 1733 |
| Location | |
| Location | Vienna,Austria |
  Shown within Vienna Show map of Vienna Peterskirche, Vienna (Austria) Show map of Austria | |
| Coordinates | 48°12′33″N16°22′10″E / 48.2093°N 16.3695°E /48.2093; 16.3695 |
| Architecture | |
| Architects | Gabriele Montani(initial plan) Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt(modifications)[2] Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer(facade)[2] |
| Type | Church[3] |
| Style | Baroque |
| Groundbreaking | 1701 |
| Completed | 1733 |
| Specifications | |
| Direction of façade | SW |
| Capacity | 400 |
| Length | 50 metres (160 ft) |
| Width | 20 metres (66 ft) |
| Height (max) | 56.8 metres (186 ft)[2] |
| Dome | 1 |
| Dome height (outer) | 54 metres (177 ft) |
| Dome dia. (outer) | 30 metres (98 ft) |
| Website | |
| www | |
ThePeterskirche (English:St. Peter's Church) is a BaroqueRoman Catholic parish church inVienna,Austria. It was transferred in 1970 by theArchbishop of ViennaFranz Cardinal König to the priests of theOpus Dei.[4]
The oldest church building (of which nothing remains today) dates back to theEarly Middle Ages, and there is speculation that it could be the oldest church inVienna (seeRuprechtskirche). That Roman church was built on the site of a Roman encampment.
This church was replaced with aRomanesque church with anave and twoaisles. It is believed to have been established byCharlemagne around 800, although there is no evidence supporting this view. At the outside of the church, there is a reliefsculpture by R. Weyrconsecrated to the founding of the church by Charlemagne. In any case, a church ofSaint Peter in Vienna is first mentioned in 1137. Around the end of the 12th century, the church became part of theSchottenstift.
The mediaeval church had threealtars, with anapse in the south instead of the normal eastern orientation. This unusual feature has triggered many discussions among experts, and it is suspected that the church was adapted from a previously secular building. The church was surrounded by shops, and a nearby building housed theStadtguardia, a forerunner of the modern police. The old church burned down in 1661 and was given only makeshift repairs. The decision to build a new church was taken up with the arrival of the Fraternity of the Holy Trinity of which the emperorLeopold I was a member. He had taken a vow to rebuild this church when Vienna was ravaged by theplague in 1679–1680.
The construction of the newBaroque church was begun around 1701 underGabriele Montani, who was replaced byJohann Lukas von Hildebrandt in 1703. The design was inspired by theSt. Peter's Basilica of theVatican inRome.Francesco Martinelli was the main architect. By 1722, most of the building was finished, and in 1733 thePeterskirche was finally consecrated to theHoly Trinity. The new church was the first domed structure inbaroque Vienna. Due to the confinement of available space, it was built in a compact form, with its oval interior housing an astonishing amount of space and rectangular attachments. The church's interior has a lot of goldstucco.
Theturreted dome was mainly designed byMatthias Steinl, who was also responsible for the interior decoration and the pews withcherubic heads. Thefrescoes were originally painted by the ItalianAndrea Pozzo, whose paintings were removed after his death.[clarification needed] As a result, in 1713,Johann Michael Rottmayr was able to start a completely new set. The fresco in the cupola represents theCoronation of Our Lady. On the triumphal arch one can see thecoat of arms of emperorLeopold I. In thespandrels around the dome are portrayals of the fourEvangelists and four Fathers of the Church, painted by the Viennese artist J.G. Schmidt. The same artist also painted the altarpiece in the side chapel of St. Michael.
The Baroque high altar was created byAntonio Galli Bibiena and hisBolognese workshop (construction) andMartino Altomonte (1657–1745) (altarpiece). The altarpiece portrays theHealing of the Lame by St. Peter and St. John in Jerusalem. The same artist also painted the altarpiece in the side chapel of theHoly Family. The small painting of theImmaculate Conception above thehigh altar is by the 19th century artistKupelwieser. Theshrines in the side chapels of the Holy Family and St. Michael containmartyrs from Romancatacombs, donated byCardinal Kollonitz in 1733. They were clothed in this period and placed in the glass coffins.
The gilded pulpit is a work byMatthias Steinl (1726) having, on top of the canopy, a representation of the Holy Trinity. Opposite the pulpit there is a gold-and-silver representation of theMartyrdom of St.John of Nepomuk, sculpted byLorenzo Mattielli. On top of it is a statue ofThe Mother of God.
Over the years, the paintings had become darker, and the interior began to take on a grey appearance. From 1998 to 2004, the church underwent a renovation, which returned the paintings to their original colouring and brightness.
The Peterskirche is located on Petersplatz, right next toGraben and just west of thePestsäule. The streetJungferngasse cuts through thepedestrian zone and leads directly to the church. The Peterskirche is largely obscured by the surrounding buildings, and can only be seen clearly from directly in front.
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