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Peter III of Portugal

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King of Portugal from 1777 to 1786
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Peter III
Portrait by an unknown artist,c. 1777–1786
King of Portugal
Reign24 February 1777 –25 May 1786
PredecessorJoseph I
SuccessorMaria I
Co-monarchMaria I
Born(1717-07-05)5 July 1717
Lisbon, Portugal
Died25 May 1786(1786-05-25) (aged 68)
Queluz, Portugal
Burial
SpouseMaria I of Portugal
(m. 1760)
Issue
Detail
Names
Portuguese:Pedro Clemente Francisco José António
HouseBraganza
FatherJohn V of Portugal
MotherMaria Anna of Austria
ReligionRoman Catholicism

DomPeter III (Portuguese:Pedro III,[1]pronounced[ˈpeðɾutɨɾˈsɐjɾu]; 5 July 1717 – 25 May 1786), nicknamedthe Builder, wasKing of Portugal from 24 February 1777 to his death in 1786, by marriage to his niece Queen DonaMaria I.[2]

Early life

[edit]
Infante Peter whileLord of the Infantado,c. 1760–70.

Peter was born at 12:00 noon on 5 July 1717 in theRibeira Palace inLisbon, Portugal.[3] He was baptized on 29 August and was given the name Peter Clemente Francisco José António.[4] His parents were KingJohn V of Portugal and his wifeMaria Ana of Austria.[3] Peter was a younger brother ofJoseph I of Portugal. Their maternal grandparents wereLeopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, andEleonor Magdalene of Neuburg, sister ofQueen Maria Sofia of Portugal.

Reign

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Petermarried his nieceMaria, Princess of Brazil, in 1760, at which time she was the heiress presumptive to the throne then held by his brother Joseph I. According to custom, Peter thus became King of Portugal inright of his wife, after the delivery of his first born child. They had six children, of whom the eldest surviving son succeeded Maria asJohn VI of Portugal on her death in 1816.

Peter made no attempt to participate ingovernment affairs, spending his timehunting or inreligious exercises.

He also defended thehigh nobility of Portugal, and sponsored the petitions of those accused inTávora affair, whose rehabilitation was subject of new lawsuits, in which the heirs demanded the restitution of their confiscated properties.

Peter III was moderately friendly toward the Jesuits, who had beenbanished from Portugal and its overseas empire in 1759, largely at the behest of theMarquis of Pombal. Peter III had taken some of his early education from the Jesuits, explaining this. His affection had little effect; Pope Clement XIV ordered theJesuits suppressed across Europe in 1773.

Marriage and issue

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The couple married on 6 June 1760. At the time of their marriage, Maria was 25 and Peter was 42. Despite the age gap, the couple had a happy marriage. Peter automatically became co-monarch (as Peter III of Portugal) when Maria ascended the throne, as a child had already been born from their marriage. The couple had six children.[5]

Royal styles of
King Pedro III of Portugal
Reference styleHis Most Faithful Majesty
Spoken styleYour Most Faithful Majesty
Alternative styleSire
Effigy of Maria I and Peter III, 1785
NameBirthDeathNotes
José, Prince of Brazil20 August 176111 September 1788José Francisco Xavier de Paula Domingos António Agostinho Anastácio marriedInfanta Benedita of Portugal and had no issue. His death lead to his younger brother becoming heir-apparent and later king.
João Francisco de Bragança16 September 176310 October 1763João Francisco de Paula Domingos António Carlos Cipriano was born at theAjuda National Palace.
João VI13 May 176710 March 1826João Maria José Francisco Xavier de Paula Luís António Domingos Rafael marriedCarlota Joaquina of Spain and had issue. He wasKing of Portugal andEmperor of Brazil.
Mariana Victoria de Bragança15 December 17682 November 1788Maria Ana Vitória Josefa Francisca Xavier de Paula Antonieta Joana Domingas Gabriela marriedInfante Gabriel of Spain and had issue.
Maria Clementina de Bragança9 June 177427 June 1776Maria Clementina Francisca Xavier de Paula Ana Josefa Antónia Domingas Feliciana Joana Michaela Júlia was born at theQueluz National Palace.
Maria Isabel de Bragança12 December 177614 January 1777Maria Isabel was born at theQueluz National Palace.

Ancestors

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Ancestors of Peter III of Portugal[6]
8.John IV of Portugal
4.Peter II of Portugal
9.Luisa de Guzmán
2.John V of Portugal
10.Philip William, Elector Palatine
5.Maria Sophia of Neuburg
11.Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
1.Peter III of Portugal
12.Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
6.Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
13.Maria Anna of Austria
3.Maria Anna of Austria
14.Philip William, Elector Palatine (= 10)
7.Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
15.Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 11)

Notes

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  1. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 17 1973 Page 518 "Pedro III (1717-1786), king-consort from 1777, was born in Lisbon on July 5, 1717, the younger son of John V of Portugal. He was married in July 1760 to the daughter of his elder brother, King Joseph I."
  2. ^David BirminghamA Concise History of Portugal 2003 Page 205 "Pedro III 1777-86"
  3. ^abSousa 1741, Vol VIII, p. 369.
  4. ^Sousa 1741, Vol VIII, p. 370.
  5. ^"Trajetória política de D. Maria I: ideias ilustradas, convulsão política e melancolia". 3 July 2018. p. 50.
  6. ^Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 13.

References

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  • Sousa, António Caetano de.História genealógica da Casa Real portuguesa (in Portuguese). Vol. VIII. Lisbon: Silviana.
Peter III of Portugal
Cadet branch of theHouse of Aviz
Born: 5 July 1717 Died: 25 May 1786
Regnal titles
Preceded byKing of Portugal
24 February 1777 – 25 May 1786
withMaria I
Succeeded byas sole monarch
Portuguese royalty
Preceded by Lord of theHouse of the Infantado
Duke of Beja

5 July 1717 – 6 July 1760
Succeeded by
House of Burgundy (1139–1383)
House of Aviz (1385–1580)
House of Habsburg (1581–1640)
House of Braganza (1640–1910)
Debatable or disputed rulers are initalics.
Members of the Ducal House
Generations indicate descent fromAfonso, Duke of Braganza, founder of the House of Braganza, untilJoão II, Duke of Braganza, the first Braganza monarch of Portugal;italics indicate a head of the House
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
  • Roderigo, 1st Marquis of Ferreira
  • Jorge Alberto, 1st Count of Gelves
  • Beatriz, Duchess of Coimbra
  • Joana, Countess of Vimioso
  • Maria, Countess of Portalegre
  • Filipe
  • Jaime I
  • Dinis, Count of Lemos
  • Margarida
4th generation
5th generation
  • John I
  • Jaime
  • Isabel, Duchess of Caminha
6th generation
  • Maria
  • Serefina
  • Teodósio II
  • Duarte, 1st Marquise of Frechilla
  • Alexandre, Archbishop of Évora
  • Querubina
  • Angélica
  • Maria
  • Isabel
  • Filipe
7th generation
  • John II
  • Duarte, 1st Lord of Vila do Conde
  • Catarina
  • Alexandre
Members of the Royal House
Generations indicate descent fromJohn IV, King of Portugal, formerly John II, Duke of Braganza, the first Braganza monarch of Portugal, untilManuel II, King of Portugal, the last monarch of Portugal, excluding the Miguelist line;italics indicate a head of the House
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
5th generation
6th generation
7th generation
8th generation
9th generation
10th generation
Members of the Imperial house
Generations indicate descent fromPedro I, Emperor of Brazil, also Pedro IV, King of Portugal, founder of theEmpire of Brazil, untilPedro II, Emperor of Brazil, the lastmonarch of Brazil;italics indicates a head of the House
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
Members of the Miguelist House
Generations indicate descent fromMiguel I, King of Portugal, founder of the Miguelist House, untilDuarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, the current head of the House of Braganza;italics indicates a head of the House
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
Regnal
Royal
Noble
Patrimony
Portugal
Brazil
Cadet houses
Agnatic
Non-agnatic
Miscellaneous
Topics
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
5th generation
6th generation
7th generation
8th generation
9th generation
10th generation
11th generation
12th generation
13th generation
14th generation
15th generation
16th generation
17th generation
18th generation
  • None
19th generation
20th generation
21st generation
22nd generation
23rd generation
24th generation
* also an infante of Castile and León, Aragon, Sicily and Naples,  §also an infante of Spain and an archduke of Austria,  #also an infante of Spain,  also an imperial prince of Brazil,  also a prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke in Saxony,  also a prince of Braganza,  ¤title removed in 1920 as their parents' marriage was deemed undynastic,  ƒclaimant infante
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